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Coordinates: 52°40′38″N 18°19′45″E / 52.67722°N 18.32917°E / 52.67722; 18.32917
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{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kruszwica
| name = Kruszwica
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =Kruszwica(js).jpg
| image_skyline = Kruszwica(js).jpg
| image_caption = ''Mysia Wieża'' (Mice Tower) in Kruszwica
| image_caption = ''Mysia Wieża'' (Mice Tower) in Kruszwica
| image_flag =
| image_flag =
| image_shield = POL Kruszwica COA.svg
| image_shield = POL Kruszwica COA.svg
| pushpin_map = Poland#Poland Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
| pushpin_map = Poland
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
Line 15: Line 16:
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gmina Kruszwica|Kruszwica]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gmina Kruszwica|Kruszwica]]
| area_total_km2 = 6.64
| area_total_km2 = 6.64
| population_as_of = 2006
| population_as_of = 2022
| population_total = 9373
| population_total = 9161
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| coordinates = {{coord|52|40|38|N|18|19|45|E|region:PL|display=inline}}
| coordinates = {{coord|52|40|38|N|18|19|45|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| elevation_m =
| elevation_m =
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 88-150
| postal_code = 88-150
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
⚫
| website = http://www.kruszwica.um.gov.pl }}
| utc_offset = +1

| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
⚫
'''Kruszwica''' {{IPAc-pl|k|r|u|sz|'|f|J|i|c|a}} ({{lang-de|Kruschwitz}}) is a town in central [[Poland]] and is situated in the [[Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship]] (since 1999), previously in [[Bydgoszcz Voivodeship]] (1975–1998). It has a population of 9,412 people (2004). Initially founded in the 6th century, Kruszwica is the oldest town in the region and features a medieval castle with a 12th-century [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] church.
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| registration_plate = CIN
⚫
| website = http://www.kruszwica.um.gov.pl
⚫
}}
⚫
'''Kruszwica''' ({{IPAc-pl|k|r|u|sz|'|f|J|i|c|a}}) is a town in central [[Poland]], in the [[Inowrocław County]] in the [[Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship]]. It has a population of 9,161 (2010). Initially founded in the 6th century, Kruszwica is the oldest town in the region and features a medieval castle with a 12th-century [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] church. It is situated on the shores of [[Gopło]] Lake in the historic region of [[Kuyavia]].


==History==
==History==
[[File:Kruszwica Ruiny zamku, tzw. Mysia Wieża, poł. XIV w..JPG|thumb|left|250px|Ruins of the medieval castle]]
[[File:Kruszwica Ruiny zamku, tzw. Mysia Wieża, poł. XIV w..JPG|thumb|left|240px|Ruins of the medieval castle]]
''This article incorporates text from "The Political History of Poland" (1917) by Edward Henry Lewinski-Corwin, a publication now in the public domain.''
''This article incorporates text from "The Political History of Poland" (1917) by Edward Henry Lewinski-Corwin, a publication now in the public domain.''


Owing to the frequent raids of the [[Norsemen]], the people of this region early organized an effective military force of defense. Under the protection of the military bands and their chiefs, the fields could safely be cultivated and the little, fortified towns (grody), which became places for the transaction of intertribal business and [[Swapping (barter)|barter]], for common worship, and for the storage of goods during a foreign invasion could be successfully defended and the wrongs of the people redressed. The military bands and their leaders soon became the unifying force, and the [[fortified town]]s, the centers of a larger political organization, with the freeman (Kmiec or Kmeton) as its base.
Owing to the frequent raids of the [[Norsemen]], the people of this region early organized an effective military force of defense. Under the protection of the military bands and their chiefs, the fields could safely be cultivated and the little, fortified towns (grody), which became places for the transaction of intertribal business and [[Swapping (barter)|barter]], for common worship, and for the storage of goods during a foreign invasion could be successfully defended and the wrongs of the people redressed. The military bands and their leaders soon became the unifying force, and the [[fortified town]]s, the centers of a larger political organization, with the freeman (Kmiec or Kmeton) as its base.


The first historical town of this nature was that of Kruszwica,<ref>[http://www.gminy.cps.pl/kruszwica/2e.htm Kruszwica, historic profile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708182615/http://www.gminy.cps.pl/kruszwica/2e.htm |date=2007-07-08 }} at www.gminy.cps.pl</ref> on the Lake of [[Gopło]]. It soon gave place to that of [[Gniezno]] or Knezno, further west, which by its very name indicates that it was the residence of a Knez, or prince or duke. In time [[Poznań]] became the princely town, and the principality began to assert itself and to grow westward to the [[Oder]], southward to the Barycza and eastward to the [[Pilica (river)|Pilica]] Rivers. In the east this territorial expansion met with the armed opposition of another large tribe, the Lenczanians, which was similarly organized under a military ruler and which occupied the plains between the [[Warta]], [[Bzura]] and Pilica Rivers. Further east, in the forests of the middle course of the [[Vistula]] to the north of Pilica, lived the most savage of the Polish tribes, the [[Masovians]]. This tribe was the latest to come under the sovereignty of the principality and began its political existence on the bank of the Gopło Lake under the leadership of the Piast, whose dynasty ruled the country until 1370. To the north of the [[Netze River]] between the Oder and the [[Baltic Sea|Baltic]], lived the northernmost of the tribes , at times conquered by Poland, known as [[Pomeranians (Slavic tribe)|Pomorzanie]] (in the Polish: ''people living by the sea''); hence the name of the province [[Pomerania|Pomorze]].
The first historical town of this nature was that of Kruszwica,<ref>[http://www.gminy.cps.pl/kruszwica/2e.htm Kruszwica, historic profile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708182615/http://www.gminy.cps.pl/kruszwica/2e.htm |date=2007-07-08 }} at www.gminy.cps.pl</ref> on the Lake of [[Gopło]]. Kruszwica formed part of Poland since its establishment in the 10th century.
{{multiple image
{{multiple image
| align = left
| align = left
| direction = vertical
| direction = vertical
| width = 250
| width = 240
| header =
| header =
| image1 = Kruszwica St. Peter and St. Paul collegiate church.JPG
| image1 = Kruszwica St. Peter and St. Paul collegiate church.JPG
| alt1 =
| alt1 =
| caption1 =
| caption1 =
| image2 = Colegiate church, Kruszwica.JPG
| image2 = Colegiate church, Kruszwica.JPG
| alt2 =
| alt2 =
| caption2 = [[Collegiate Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Kruszwica|Collegiate Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul]], built in 12th century, is one of the best preserved examples of [[Romanesque architecture]] in Poland
| caption2 = [[Collegiate Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Kruszwica|Collegiate Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul]], built in 12th century, is one of the best preserved examples of [[Romanesque architecture in Poland]].}}
⚫
[[File:Ewangeliarz kruszwicki.jpg|thumb|The [[Gospel Book]] of Kruszwica (ca.1160) is considered among the most precious [[mediaeval]] manuscripts in Poland.]]
⚫
}}
⚫
[[File:Ewangeliarz kruszwicki.jpg|thumb|285px|The [[Gospel Book]] of Kruszwica (ca.1160) is considered among the most precious [[mediaeval]] manuscripts in Poland]]


Some historical writers attribute the change in the political organization of the primitive Polanie tribe to the influence of foreign commerce, which for geographic reasons had early centered on the Gopło. At that period the lake was a very large body of water with a level at least ten feet higher than at present. The many small lakes now existing in the region were in all probability a part of Gopło, and the valleys of the vicinity constituted the bottom of the lake. There are many reasons to believe that such was the [[hydrography]] of the section in that remote age. In his description of Gopło, written five hundred years ago, [[Jan Długosz]], a Polish historian, speaks of a vast body of water, leading us to believe that the lake then was much larger than it is at the present time. There is reason to believe that five hundred years previous to this historian's time, before the primeval forests were cut, the lake was still larger. The supposition that Gopło at the time of its highest level was connected by means of small navigable streams with the rivers Warta, Oder and the Vistula is quite plausible.
Some historical writers attribute the change in the political organization of the primitive Polanie tribe to the influence of foreign commerce, which for geographic reasons had early centered on the Gopło. At that period the lake was a very large body of water with a level at least ten feet higher than at present. The many small lakes now existing in the region were in all probability a part of Gopło, and the valleys of the vicinity constituted the bottom of the lake. There are many reasons to believe that such was the [[hydrography]] of the section in that remote age. In his description of Gopło, written five hundred years ago, [[Jan Długosz]], a Polish historian, speaks of a vast body of water, leading us to believe that the lake then was much larger than it is at the present time. There is reason to believe that five hundred years previous to this historian's time, before the primeval forests were cut, the lake was still larger. The supposition that Gopło at the time of its highest level was connected by means of small navigable streams with the rivers [[Warta]], [[Oder]] and the [[Vistula]] is quite plausible.


The constructive fancy of the economic historian sees [[flotilla]]s of Pomeranian merchants moving to and from [[Szczecin|Szczecin (Stettin)]] down the Oder and Netze. Here they met [[merchant]]s from the east, the southeast and the southwest of Europe. The Byzantine, Roman and Scandinavian cultures met at Kruszwica, the largest town on the banks of this vast internal sea of Poland, and exercised a revolutionary effect upon the modes of thought and the political institutions of the tribe. Otherwise the sudden transformation which took place from the tribal and communal organization of the people, which still existed in the second half of the eighth century, to the militaristic structure of society with a strong princely power, as is known to have existed in the ninth century, becomes almost unaccountable. The pressure from the west and north was, no doubt, an important element, but it alone would hardly seem sufficient to explain the change. Economic and cultural reasons had unquestionably exercised a great influence in the rapid molding of a new form of political life which was more adapted to conditions that had arisen since the change from nomadic pursuits to settled agriculture.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lewinski-Corwin|first=E.H. |title=Political History of Poland|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_tuknGwAACAAJ|year=1917|publisher=Polish Book Importing Company|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_tuknGwAACAAJ/page/n22 5]–8}}</ref>
The constructive fancy of the economic historian sees [[flotilla]]s of Pomeranian merchants moving to and from [[Szczecin]] down the Oder and [[Noteć]]. Here they met [[merchant]]s from the east, the southeast and the southwest of Europe. The Byzantine, Roman and Scandinavian cultures met at Kruszwica, the largest town on the banks of this vast internal sea of Poland, and exercised a revolutionary effect upon the modes of thought and the political institutions of the tribe. Otherwise the sudden transformation which took place from the tribal and communal organization of the people, which still existed in the second half of the eighth century, to the militaristic structure of society with a strong princely power, as is known to have existed in the ninth century, becomes almost unaccountable. The pressure from the west and north was, no doubt, an important element, but it alone would hardly seem sufficient to explain the change. Economic and cultural reasons had unquestionably exercised a great influence in the rapid molding of a new form of political life which was more adapted to conditions that had arisen since the change from nomadic pursuits to settled agriculture.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lewinski-Corwin|first=E.H. |title=Political History of Poland|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_tuknGwAACAAJ|year=1917|publisher=Polish Book Importing Company|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_tuknGwAACAAJ/page/n22 5]–8}}</ref>


Following the joint German-Soviet [[invasion of Poland]], which started [[World War II]] in September 1939, Kruszwica was [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|occupied by Germany]] until 1945. From 1940 to 1942, the Germans operated a [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|forced labour]] camp for [[Jews|Jewish]] women in the town, and afterwards from 1942 to 1943 a forced labour camp for Jewish men.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=100001036|title=Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Wikingen|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=11 December 2023|language=de}}</ref> The [[Polish resistance movement in World War II|Polish resistance movement]] was active in Kruszwica. Władysław Kostuj, who organized the local branch of the [[Secret Teaching Organization]], was arrested in 1944 and murdered by the German gendarmerie.<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Encyklopedia konspiracji Wielkopolskiej 1939–1945|year=1998|location=Poznań|language=pl|publisher=Instytut Zachodni|pages=281|isbn=83-85003-97-5}}</ref>
== Accommodation base ==
{{Historical populations|1910|3245|1921|3021|1931|3515|1939|5313|1950|5090|1960|6344|1975|6778|1980|7614|2010|9211
⚫
Kruszwica is the town which sees a great opportunity for development in tourism. There is a hotel with restaurant 'Zajazd u Piasta Kołodzieja', located by the Mice Tower and the lake Gopło There are also summer houses and campsites in the town. In the neighboring village of Kobylniki, there is a French-style palace serving as a hotel.
|source=<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Wiadomości Statystyczne Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego|volume=X|year=1932|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Główny Urząd Statystyczny|page=199}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Dokumentacja Geograficzna|volume=3/4|year=1967|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Instytut Geografii [[Polish Academy of Sciences|Polskiej Akademii Nauk]]|page=24}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|url=https://stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/PUBL_l_ludnosc_stan_struktura_31_12_2010.pdf|title=Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2010 r.|year=2011|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Główny Urząd Statystyczny|page=52|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113152513/https://stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/PUBL_l_ludnosc_stan_struktura_31_12_2010.pdf|archive-date=13 November 2011}}</ref>}}

From 1975 to 1998, it was administratively located in the [[Bydgoszcz Voivodeship]].


== Tourism ==
== Tourism ==
[[File:Rusalka.jpg|thumb|"Rusalka" pleasure boat]]
⚫
The town is well prepared to accommodate tourists, including foreigners, who are increasingly numerous. The city is well-developed gastronomic. In Kruszwica, there are also boat trips on the lake, yacht, canoe and pedal boat rentals, horse stud and carriage rides around the area, beaches and bathing areas, lake viewing terraces and other attractions.
⚫
Kruszwica has a great opportunity for development in tourism. There is a hotel with restaurant, 'Zajazd u Piasta Kołodzieja', located by the Mice Tower and the lake Gopło. There are also summer houses and campsites in the town. In the neighboring village of Kobylniki, there is a French-style palace serving as a hotel.


⚫
The town is well prepared to accommodate tourists, including foreigners, who are increasingly numerous. The city is well-developed with regard to cuisine. In Kruszwica, there are boat trips on the lake, yacht, canoe and pedal boat rentals, horse stud and carriage rides around the area, beaches and bathing areas, lake viewing terraces and other attractions.
⚫
Rowing championships for the European and Polish cup, as well as several smaller categories are organized every year in Kruszwica.

⚫
Rowing championships for the European and Polish cup, as well as several smaller categories, are organized every year in Kruszwica.


== Major corporations ==
== Major corporations ==
[[File:Cukrownia Kruszwica.JPG|thumb|Kruszwica sugar plant]]
* Zakłady Tłuszczowe Kruszwica SA manufacturing Kujawski Oil and Tina Margarine.<ref name="gminy">[http://www.gminy.cps.pl/kruszwica/7e.htm Kruszwica industries] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708182502/http://www.gminy.cps.pl/kruszwica/7e.htm |date=2007-07-08 }} as per www.gminy.cps.pl.</ref>
* Zakłady Tłuszczowe Kruszwica SA, manufacturing Kujawski Oil and Tina Margarine<ref name="gminy">[http://www.gminy.cps.pl/kruszwica/7e.htm Kruszwica industries] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708182502/http://www.gminy.cps.pl/kruszwica/7e.htm |date=2007-07-08 }} as per www.gminy.cps.pl.</ref>
* Kruszwica Sugar Works.<ref name="gminy" />
* Kruszwica Sugar Works<ref name="gminy" />


== Notable residents ==
== Notable residents ==
* [[Gustav Höhne]] (1893–1951), general
* [[Gustav Höhne]] (1893–1951), general
* [[Jakub Krzewina]] (born 1989), sprinter
* [[Jakub Krzewina]] (born 1989), sprinter
* {{anbl|Sebastian Urbaniak}}


== References ==
== References ==
Line 71: Line 84:


{{commons category|Kruszwica}}
{{commons category|Kruszwica}}
{{coord|52|41|N|18|18|E|region:PL_type:city|display=title}}
<br>
⚫
{{Gmina Kruszwica}}


⚫
{{Gmina Kruszwica}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Castles of the Teutonic Knights]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Populated lakeshore places in Poland]]
[[Category:Inowrocław County]]
[[Category:Inowrocław County]]
[[Category:Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Province of Posen]]
[[Category:Poznań Voivodeship (1921–1939)]]
[[Category:Poznań Voivodeship (1921–1939)]]
[[Category:Pomeranian Voivodeship (1919–1939)]]
[[Category:Pomeranian Voivodeship (1919–1939)]]

Revision as of 07:48, 7 June 2024

Kruszwica
Town
Mysia Wieża (Mice Tower) in Kruszwica
Mysia Wieża (Mice Tower) in Kruszwica
Coat of arms of Kruszwica
Coat of arms
Kruszwica is located in Poland
Kruszwica
Kruszwica
Coordinates: 52°40′38″N 18°19′45″E / 52.67722°N 18.32917°E / 52.67722; 18.32917
Country Poland
Voivodeship Kuyavian-Pomeranian
CountyInowrocław
GminaKruszwica
Area
 • Total6.64 km2 (2.56 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)
 • Total9,161
 • Density1,400/km2 (3,600/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
88-150
Vehicle registrationCIN
Websitehttp://www.kruszwica.um.gov.pl

Kruszwica ([kruʂˈfʲit͡sa]) is a town in central Poland, in the Inowrocław County in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. It has a population of 9,161 (2010). Initially founded in the 6th century, Kruszwica is the oldest town in the region and features a medieval castle with a 12th-century Romanesque church. It is situated on the shores of Gopło Lake in the historic region of Kuyavia.

History

Ruins of the medieval castle

This article incorporates text from "The Political History of Poland" (1917) by Edward Henry Lewinski-Corwin, a publication now in the public domain.

Owing to the frequent raids of the Norsemen, the people of this region early organized an effective military force of defense. Under the protection of the military bands and their chiefs, the fields could safely be cultivated and the little, fortified towns (grody), which became places for the transaction of intertribal business and barter, for common worship, and for the storage of goods during a foreign invasion could be successfully defended and the wrongs of the people redressed. The military bands and their leaders soon became the unifying force, and the fortified towns, the centers of a larger political organization, with the freeman (Kmiec or Kmeton) as its base.

The first historical town of this nature was that of Kruszwica,[1] on the Lake of Gopło. Kruszwica formed part of Poland since its establishment in the 10th century.

Collegiate Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, built in 12th century, is one of the best preserved examples of Romanesque architecture in Poland.
The Gospel Book of Kruszwica (ca.1160) is considered among the most precious mediaeval manuscripts in Poland.

Some historical writers attribute the change in the political organization of the primitive Polanie tribe to the influence of foreign commerce, which for geographic reasons had early centered on the Gopło. At that period the lake was a very large body of water with a level at least ten feet higher than at present. The many small lakes now existing in the region were in all probability a part of Gopło, and the valleys of the vicinity constituted the bottom of the lake. There are many reasons to believe that such was the hydrography of the section in that remote age. In his description of Gopło, written five hundred years ago, Jan Długosz, a Polish historian, speaks of a vast body of water, leading us to believe that the lake then was much larger than it is at the present time. There is reason to believe that five hundred years previous to this historian's time, before the primeval forests were cut, the lake was still larger. The supposition that Gopło at the time of its highest level was connected by means of small navigable streams with the rivers Warta, Oder and the Vistula is quite plausible.

The constructive fancy of the economic historian sees flotillas of Pomeranian merchants moving to and from Szczecin down the Oder and Noteć. Here they met merchants from the east, the southeast and the southwest of Europe. The Byzantine, Roman and Scandinavian cultures met at Kruszwica, the largest town on the banks of this vast internal sea of Poland, and exercised a revolutionary effect upon the modes of thought and the political institutions of the tribe. Otherwise the sudden transformation which took place from the tribal and communal organization of the people, which still existed in the second half of the eighth century, to the militaristic structure of society with a strong princely power, as is known to have existed in the ninth century, becomes almost unaccountable. The pressure from the west and north was, no doubt, an important element, but it alone would hardly seem sufficient to explain the change. Economic and cultural reasons had unquestionably exercised a great influence in the rapid molding of a new form of political life which was more adapted to conditions that had arisen since the change from nomadic pursuits to settled agriculture.[2]

Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, Kruszwica was occupied by Germany until 1945. From 1940 to 1942, the Germans operated a forced labour camp for Jewish women in the town, and afterwards from 1942 to 1943 a forced labour camp for Jewish men.[3] The Polish resistance movement was active in Kruszwica. Władysław Kostuj, who organized the local branch of the Secret Teaching Organization, was arrested in 1944 and murdered by the German gendarmerie.[4]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
19103,245—    
19213,021−6.9%
19313,515+16.4%
19395,313+51.2%
19505,090−4.2%
19606,344+24.6%
19756,778+6.8%
19807,614+12.3%
20109,211+21.0%
Source: [5][6][7]

From 1975 to 1998, it was administratively located in the Bydgoszcz Voivodeship.

Tourism

"Rusalka" pleasure boat

Kruszwica has a great opportunity for development in tourism. There is a hotel with restaurant, 'Zajazd u Piasta Kołodzieja', located by the Mice Tower and the lake Gopło. There are also summer houses and campsites in the town. In the neighboring village of Kobylniki, there is a French-style palace serving as a hotel.

The town is well prepared to accommodate tourists, including foreigners, who are increasingly numerous. The city is well-developed with regard to cuisine. In Kruszwica, there are boat trips on the lake, yacht, canoe and pedal boat rentals, horse stud and carriage rides around the area, beaches and bathing areas, lake viewing terraces and other attractions.

Rowing championships for the European and Polish cup, as well as several smaller categories, are organized every year in Kruszwica.

Major corporations

Kruszwica sugar plant
  • Zakłady Tłuszczowe Kruszwica SA, manufacturing Kujawski Oil and Tina Margarine[8]
  • Kruszwica Sugar Works[8]

Notable residents

References

  1. ^ Kruszwica, historic profile Archived 2007-07-08 at the Wayback Machine at www.gminy.cps.pl
  2. ^ Lewinski-Corwin, E.H. (1917). Political History of Poland. New York: Polish Book Importing Company. pp. 5–8.
  3. ^ "Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Wikingen". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  4. ^ Encyklopedia konspiracji Wielkopolskiej 1939–1945 (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. 1998. p. 281. ISBN 83-85003-97-5.
  5. ^ Wiadomości Statystyczne Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego (in Polish). Vol. X. Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 1932. p. 199.
  6. ^ Dokumentacja Geograficzna (in Polish). Vol. 3/4. Warszawa: Instytut Geografii Polskiej Akademii Nauk. 1967. p. 24.
  7. ^ Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2010 r. (PDF) (in Polish). Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 2011. p. 52. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2011.
  8. ^ a b Kruszwica industries Archived 2007-07-08 at the Wayback Machine as per www.gminy.cps.pl.
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