Deepwater cisco: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of fish}} |
{{Short description|Species of fish}} |
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{{inline citations needed|date=December 2023}} |
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{{Speciesbox |
{{Speciesbox |
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| name = Deepwater cisco |
| name = Deepwater cisco |
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| status = EX |
| status = EX |
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| status_system = IUCN2.3 |
| status_system = IUCN2.3 |
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|status_ref=<ref name=iucnredlist>{{cite iucn|author=World Conservation Monitoring Centre|year=1996|title=''Coregonus johannae''|page=e.T5367A11123849|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T5367A11123849.en|access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> |
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| extinct = |
| extinct = 1955 |
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| genus = Coregonus |
| genus = Coregonus |
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| species = johannae |
| species = johannae |
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}} |
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The '''deepwater cisco''' (''Coregonus johannae'') was one of the largest [[Cisco (fish)|ciscoes]] in the [[Great Lakes]]. Its average length was 30 cm (12 inches) and it was about 1.0 kilogram (2.2 pounds) in weight. Occurring only in Lakes [[Lake Huron|Huron]] and [[Lake Michigan|Michigan]], and inhabiting waters between 50 and 150 metres deep, it was difficult to distinguish from other ciscoes and was possibly the same species as the [[shortjaw cisco]] (''Coregonus zenithicus''). The deepwater cisco was distinguished by usually having fewer than 33 gill rakers, relatively long pectoral fins, and unpigmented jaws. It was a silvery colour with a pink or purple lustre and a green or blue back. It spawned in August and September, earlier than most other ciscoes. Not much is known about its specific behaviors. Its diet consisted of [[Mysis relicta]], [[Sphaeriidae|fingernail clams]], and various aquatic insects. Because of its large size, the deepwater cisco was heavily fished commercially. |
The '''deepwater cisco''' ('''''Coregonus johannae''''') was one of the largest [[Cisco (fish)|ciscoes]] in the [[Great Lakes]]. Its average length was 30 cm (12 inches) and it was about 1.0 kilogram (2.2 pounds) in weight. Occurring only in Lakes [[Lake Huron|Huron]] and [[Lake Michigan|Michigan]], and inhabiting waters between 50 and 150 metres deep, it was difficult to distinguish from other ciscoes and was possibly the same species as the [[shortjaw cisco]] (''Coregonus zenithicus''). The deepwater cisco was distinguished by usually having fewer than 33 gill rakers, relatively long pectoral fins, and unpigmented jaws. It was a silvery colour with a pink or purple lustre and a green or blue back. It spawned in August and September, earlier than most other ciscoes. Not much is known about its specific behaviors. Its diet consisted of ''[[Mysis relicta]]'', [[Sphaeriidae|fingernail clams]], and various aquatic insects. Because of its large size, the deepwater cisco was heavily fished commercially. |
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The main reasons for its extinction was a combination of competition from the invasive [[alewife (fish)|alewife]], predation by the introduced [[sea lamprey]], and [[commercial fishing]] on the Great Lakes. |
The main reasons for its extinction was a combination of competition from the invasive [[alewife (fish)|alewife]],{{citation needed|date=March 2024}} predation by the introduced [[sea lamprey]], and [[commercial fishing]] on the Great Lakes. |
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== Commercial |
== Commercial fishing in 1930s == |
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Part of the reason for the lack of information on this species could be attributed to the commercial fishing during the early 1930s, before deep water species were properly analysed. The deepwater cisco was abundant before the 1900s as, before large-scale commercial fishing commenced in Lake Michigan, the larger ciscoes had no natural predators. |
Part of the reason for the lack of information on this species could be attributed to the commercial fishing during the early 1930s, before deep water species were properly analysed. The deepwater cisco was abundant before the 1900s as, before large-scale commercial fishing commenced in Lake Michigan, the larger ciscoes had no natural predators. |
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It was not until the 1930s that the species was subject to commercial fishing exploitation. The deepwater cisco, also known as chubs in fishing terms, was prized for its larger-than-normal size. During this exploitation, the numbers of this species declined dramatically. |
It was not until the 1930s that the species was subject to commercial fishing exploitation. The deepwater cisco, also known as chubs in fishing terms, was prized for its larger-than-normal size. During this exploitation, the numbers of this species declined dramatically. |
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The last deepwater cisco specimens were recorded in Lake Michigan in 1951 and Lake Huron in 1952. The species was declared extinct shortly after. When a re-evaluation was conducted in several states bordering Lake Michigan in the 1960s, there were no identifiable specimens of the deepwater cisco in any of the samplings. This served to confirm its extinction, caused by a combination of commercial fishing and invasive predators such as the sea lamprey. |
The last deepwater cisco specimens were recorded in Lake Michigan in 1951 and Lake Huron in 1952. The species was declared extinct shortly after. When a re-evaluation was conducted in several states bordering Lake Michigan in the 1960s, there were no identifiable specimens of the deepwater cisco in any of the samplings. This served to confirm its extinction,{{citation needed|date=March 2024}} caused by a combination of commercial fishing and invasive predators such as the [[sea lamprey]].<ref name=iucnredlist/> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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* Smith S.H. 1964. Status of the Deepwater Cisco Population of Lake Michigan. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 93:155–163. Available from Deepwater Cisco (accessed April 19, 2018). |
* Smith S.H. 1964. Status of the Deepwater Cisco Population of Lake Michigan. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 93:155–163. Available from Deepwater Cisco (accessed April 19, 2018). |
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* Parker B.J. 1989. Status of the Deepwater Cisco, Coregonus johannae, in Canada. Canadian Field-Naturalist 103:168–170. Available from Deepwater Cisco (accessed February 15, 2018). |
* Parker B.J. 1989. Status of the Deepwater Cisco, Coregonus johannae, in Canada. Canadian Field-Naturalist 103:168–170. Available from Deepwater Cisco (accessed February 15, 2018). |
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* {{Cite journal | author = World Conservation Monitoring Centre | author-link = World Conservation Monitoring Centre | title = ''Coregonus johannae'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 1996 | page = e.T5367A11123849 | date = 1996 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/5367/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T5367A11123849.en | access-date = 24 December 2017}} |
* {{Cite journal | author = World Conservation Monitoring Centre | author-link = World Conservation Monitoring Centre | title = ''Coregonus johannae'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 1996 | page = e.T5367A11123849 | date = 1996 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/5367/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T5367A11123849.en | access-date = 24 December 2017| doi-access = free }} |
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* {{Fishbase species|genus=Coregonus|species=johannae|year=2008|month=02}} |
* {{Fishbase species|genus=Coregonus|species=johannae|year=2008|month=02}} |
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Latest revision as of 19:40, 4 June 2024
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (December 2023) |
| Deepwater cisco | |
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.jpeg)
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Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Salmoniformes |
| Family: | Salmonidae |
| Genus: | Coregonus |
| Species: | †C. johannae
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| Binomial name | |
| †Coregonus johannae G. Wagner, 1910
| |
The deepwater cisco (Coregonus johannae) was one of the largest ciscoes in the Great Lakes. Its average length was 30 cm (12 inches) and it was about 1.0 kilogram (2.2 pounds) in weight. Occurring only in Lakes Huron and Michigan, and inhabiting waters between 50 and 150 metres deep, it was difficult to distinguish from other ciscoes and was possibly the same species as the shortjaw cisco (Coregonus zenithicus). The deepwater cisco was distinguished by usually having fewer than 33 gill rakers, relatively long pectoral fins, and unpigmented jaws. It was a silvery colour with a pink or purple lustre and a green or blue back. It spawned in August and September, earlier than most other ciscoes. Not much is known about its specific behaviors. Its diet consisted of Mysis relicta, fingernail clams, and various aquatic insects. Because of its large size, the deepwater cisco was heavily fished commercially.
The main reasons for its extinction was a combination of competition from the invasive alewife,[citation needed] predation by the introduced sea lamprey, and commercial fishing on the Great Lakes.
Commercial fishing in 1930s
[edit]Part of the reason for the lack of information on this species could be attributed to the commercial fishing during the early 1930s, before deep water species were properly analysed. The deepwater cisco was abundant before the 1900s as, before large-scale commercial fishing commenced in Lake Michigan, the larger ciscoes had no natural predators.
It was not until the 1930s that the species was subject to commercial fishing exploitation. The deepwater cisco, also known as chubs in fishing terms, was prized for its larger-than-normal size. During this exploitation, the numbers of this species declined dramatically.
The last deepwater cisco specimens were recorded in Lake Michigan in 1951 and Lake Huron in 1952. The species was declared extinct shortly after. When a re-evaluation was conducted in several states bordering Lake Michigan in the 1960s, there were no identifiable specimens of the deepwater cisco in any of the samplings. This served to confirm its extinction,[citation needed] caused by a combination of commercial fishing and invasive predators such as the sea lamprey.[1]
References
[edit]- ^ a b World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Coregonus johannae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T5367A11123849. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T5367A11123849.en. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
- Smith S.H. 1964. Status of the Deepwater Cisco Population of Lake Michigan. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 93:155–163. Available from Deepwater Cisco (accessed April 19, 2018).
- Parker B.J. 1989. Status of the Deepwater Cisco, Coregonus johannae, in Canada. Canadian Field-Naturalist 103:168–170. Available from Deepwater Cisco (accessed February 15, 2018).
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Coregonus johannae". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T5367A11123849. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T5367A11123849.en. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
- Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Coregonus johannae". FishBase. February 2008 version.
