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{{Short description|Belgian Army officer}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = Chevalier
| honorific_prefix = Chevalier
| name = Armand Huyghé
| name = Armand Huyghé
| honorific_suffix = de Mahenge
| honorific_suffix = de Mahenge
| native_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| native_name_lang =
| image =
| image = Armand Huyghe de Mahenge.png
| image_size =
| image_size = 250px
| alt =
| alt = Huyghé, pictured in {{circa}}1920.
| caption =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1871|07|11}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1871|07|11}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1944|3|02|1871|07|11}}{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|p=415}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1944|3|02|1871|07|11}}{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|p=415}}
| birth_place = [[Leuven]], [[Belgium]]
| birth_place = [[Leuven]], [[Belgium]]
| death_place = [[Buchenwald concentration camp]], [[Nazi Germany|Germany]]
| death_place = [[Buchenwald concentration camp]], [[Weimar]], [[Nazi Germany]]
| placeofburial =
| placeofburial =
| nickname =
| nickname =
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| allegiance = {{flag|Belgium}}
| allegiance = {{flag|Belgium}}
*{{flag|Belgian Congo}}
*{{flag|Belgian Congo}}
| branch = ''[[Force Publique]]
| branch = [[Belgian army]]<br/>''[[Force Publique]]''
| serviceyears = 1891-1919
| serviceyears = 1891–1919
| rank = Lieutenant-general
| rank =
| servicenumber = <!--Do not use data from primary sources such as service records.-->
| servicenumber = <!--Do not use data from primary sources such as service records.-->
| unit =
| unit =
| commands = ''[[Force Publique]]''<br/>Belgian army of occupation in Germany
| commands = Belgian army of occupation in Germany
| battles = [[World War I]]:
| battles = [[World War I]]:
*[[German invasion of Belgium]]
*[[German invasion of Belgium (1914)|German invasion of Belgium]]
*[[East African Campaign (World War I)|East African Campaign]]
*[[East African Campaign (World War I)|East African Campaign]]
**[[Battle of Mahenge]]
**[[Tabora Offensive]]
**[[Mahenge Offensive]]
| battles_label =
| battles_label =
| awards = [[Order of the African Star]]{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|p=415}}<br/>[[Order of Leopold (Belgium)|Order of Leopold]]{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|p=415}}<br/>[[Order of Aviz]]{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|p=415}}<br/>[[Order of the Crown of Italy]]{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|p=415}}<br/>[[Order of the Crown (Belgium)|Order of the Crown]]{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|p=415}}
| awards = [[Order of the African Star]]{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|p=415}}<br/>[[Order of Leopold (Belgium)|Order of Leopold]]{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|p=415}}<br/>[[Order of Aviz]]{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|p=415}}<br/>[[Order of the Crown of Italy]]{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|p=415}}<br/>[[Order of the Crown (Belgium)|Order of the Crown]]{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|p=415}}
| spouse = <!-- Add spouse if reliably sourced -->
| spouse = <!-- Add spouse if reliably sourced -->
| laterwork =
| laterwork =
| signature =
| signature =
}}
}}


'''Armand Christophe Huyghé''' (11 July 1871-2 March 1944), later '''Armand Huyghé de Mahenge''', was a [[Belgium|Belgian]] soldier, known for his role in the [[East African Campaign (World War I)|East African Campaign]] during [[World War I]].
'''Armand Christophe Huyghé''' (11 July 1871 – 2 March 1944), later knighted '''Armand Huyghé de Mahenge''', was a [[Belgium|Belgian]] career soldier. He is best known for his service in the [[Belgian Congo]] during [[World War I]], where he succeeded [[Charles Tombeur]] as commander of the Belgian forces in the [[East African Campaign (World War I)|East African Campaign]] in 1917. He commanded the Belgian contingent during the [[Occupation of the Rhineland|Allied occupation of the Rhineland]] after the war. During [[World War II]], he was involved in the [[Belgian resistance|resistance]] and, after being captured by the Germans, was deported to [[Buchenwald concentration camp]] where he died in 1944.


==Biography==
==Biography==
⚫
Huyghé was born in [[Leuven]] in [[Brabant Province, Belgium|Brabant Province]]. He studied at the [[Royal Military Academy (Belgium)|Royal Military Academy]] and entered the Belgian Army in 1891, serving in the [[8th Regiment of the Line]], as a junior officer.{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|p=415}} In 1893, he transferred to the ''[[Force Publique]]'', the colonial militia, in the then-[[Congo Free State]] which at the time was under the direct personal control of [[Leopold II of Belgium|King Leopold II]] but returned to Belgium soon after, suffering from illness.{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|p=415}}


[[File:Le col Huyguens et Degoutte Illustration 1920.JPG|left|thumb|Huyghé (centre-left) meeting French general [[Henri Mordacq]] in [[Frankfurt]] in 1920 during Huyghé's tenure as commander of the Belgian occupation forces in the Rhineland]]
⚫
Huyghé, born in [[Leuven]], studied at the [[Royal Military Academy (Belgium)|Royal Military Academy]] and entered the Belgian Army in 1891, serving in the [[8th Regiment of the Line]], as a junior officer.{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|p=415}} In 1893, he transferred to the ''[[Force Publique]]'', the colonial militia, in the then-[[Congo Free State]] which at the time was under the direct personal control of [[Leopold II of Belgium|King Leopold II]] but returned to Belgium soon after, suffering from illness.{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|p=415}}
At the outbreak of [[World War I]], Huyghé served in the Belgian Army during the [[German invasion of Belgium (1914)|German invasion of Belgium]], fighting at the [[Battle of Liège|Battles of Liège]], [[Siege of Antwerp (1914)|Antwerp]] and [[Battle of the Yser|the Yser]] in 1914. In 1915, with the front [[Yser Front|stabilised at the Yser]], Huyghé returned to the [[Belgian Congo]] to serve in the ''Force Publique'' in the [[East African Campaign (World War I)|East African Campaign]].{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|p=415}} He initially served under Colonel Molitor in the North Brigade (''Brigade Nord'') during the operations on the frontier of German [[Ruanda-Urundi]] and fought at the [[Battle of Tabora]] in 1916. Replacing [[Charles Tombeur]] as commander of the ''Force Publique'' on campaign in February 1917, he commanded the Belgian forces at the important [[Battle of Mahenge]] in October 1917.{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|p=415}}


At the outbreak of [[World War I]], Huyghé served in the Belgian Army during the [[German invasion of Belgium]], fighting at the [[Battle of Liège|Battles of Liège]], [[Siege of Antwerp (1914)|Antwerp]] and [[Battle of the Yser|the Yser]] in 1914. In 1915, with the front [[Yser Front|stabilised at the Yser]], Huyghé returned to the [[Belgian Congo]] to serve in the ''Force Publique'' in the [[East African Campaign (World War I)|East African Campaign]].{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|p=415}} He initially served under Colonel Molitor in the North Brigade (''Brigade Nord'') fighting on the frontier of German [[Ruanda-Urundi]] and fought at the [[Battle of Tabora]] in 1916. Replacing [[Charles Tombeur]] as commander of the ''Force Publique'' on campaign in February 1917, he commanded the Belgian forces at the important [[Battle of Mahenge]] in October 1917.{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|p=415}}
Returning to Belgium after the war, he commanded the Belgian army of occupation during the [[Occupation of the Rhineland|Allied occupation of the Rhineland]].{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|p=415}} Retired for ill-health, he held a number of official positions in Belgian companies in the Congo after 1929 on the boards of the [[Compagnie du chemin de fer du Bas-Congo au Katanga]] (BCK), [[Société des mines d'étain du Ruanda-Urundi]] and the [[Compagnie des grands élevages congolais]].{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|p=415}} In 1933, he was made a ''chevalier'' ([[knight#Honorific orders of knighthood|knight]]) by [[Albert I of Belgium|King Albert I]] in recognition of his role during World War I.{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|pp=415-6}}


⚫
At the time of the [[German invasion of Belgium (1940)|fall of Belgium]] and [[Battle of France|France]] in 1940, Huyghé was living in [[Burgundy]] and became a local leader in the [[French resistance]]. He was arrested in 1943 and detained at [[Fresnes Prison]] before being deported to [[Buchenwald concentration camp]], together with the former Belgian prime minister [[Paul-Émile Janson]], where he died of disease in 1944.{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|p=416}}
Returning to Belgium after the war, he commanded the Belgian army of occupation during the [[Occupation of the Rhineland|Allied occupation of the Rhineland]].{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|p=415}} Retired for ill-health, he held a number of official positions in Belgian companies in the Congo after 1929 on the boards of the [[Compagnie du chemin de fer du Bas-Congo au Katanga]], [[Société des mines d'étain du Ruanda-Urundi]] and the [[Compagnie des grands élevages congolais]].{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|p=415}} In 1933, he was made a [[chevalier]] (a knighthood) by [[Albert I of Belgium|King Albert I]] in recognition of his role during World War I.{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|pp=415-6}}

⚫
During [[World War II]], Huyghé was involved in the [[Belgian Resistance|resistance]] to the [[German occupation of Belgium during World War II|German occupation]] and was arrested in 1943.{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|p=416}} He was detained at [[Buchenwald concentration camp]], together with former prime minister [[Paul-Émile Janson]], where he died of disease in 1944.{{sfn|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955|p=416}}


==References==
==References==
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===Bibliography===
===Bibliography===
* [https://archives.africamuseum.be/agents/people/78 Archive Armand Huyghé de Mahenge], Royal Museum for Central Africa
*{{cite book|ref={{harvid|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955}}|title=Biographie Coloniale Belge|date=1955|publisher=Institut Royal Colonial Belge|location=Brussels|chapter-url=http://www.kaowarsom.be/en/notices_huyghe_de_mahenge_armand_christophe|chapter=HUYGHÉ de MAHENGE (Armand Christophe)|volume=IV|oclc=310588886}}
*{{cite book|ref={{harvid|Biographie Coloniale Belge|1955}}|title=Biographie Coloniale Belge|date=1955|publisher=Institut Royal Colonial Belge|location=Brussels|chapter-url=http://www.kaowarsom.be/en/notices_huyghe_de_mahenge_armand_christophe|chapter=HUYGHÉ de MAHENGE (Armand Christophe)|volume=IV|oclc=310588886}}


==Further reading==
*{{cite book|last1=Paice|first1=Edward|title=Tip and Run: The Untold Tragedy of the Great War in Africa|date=2008|publisher=Phoenix|location=London|isbn=9780753823491|edition=Paperback}}

{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Huyghe, Armand}}
[[Category:1871 births]]
[[Category:1871 births]]
[[Category:1944 deaths]]
[[Category:1944 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Leuven]]
[[Category:People from Leuven]]
[[Category:Belgian military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Belgian Army personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Officers of the Force Publique]]
[[Category:Officers of the Force Publique]]
[[Category:Belgian knights]]
[[Category:Belgian knights]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Aviz]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)]]
[[Category:Belgian people who died in Buchenwald concentration camp]]
[[Category:Belgian resistance members]]
[[Category:Military personnel who died in Nazi concentration camps]]
[[Category:Colonial governors of Ruanda-Urundi]]
[[Category:Belgian civilians killed in World War II]]
[[Category:Belgian participants in the French Resistance]]

Revision as of 14:35, 29 May 2024

Chevalier

Armand Huyghé

de Mahenge
Huyghé, pictured in c.1920.
Birth nameArmand Christophe Huyghé
Born(1871-07-11)11 July 1871
Leuven, Belgium
Died2 March 1944(1944-03-02) (aged 72)[1]
Buchenwald concentration camp, Weimar, Nazi Germany
Allegiance Belgium
Service/branchBelgian army
Force Publique
Years of service1891–1919
CommandsBelgian army of occupation in Germany
Battles/warsWorld War I:
AwardsOrder of the African Star[1]
Order of Leopold[1]
Order of Aviz[1]
Order of the Crown of Italy[1]
Order of the Crown[1]

Armand Christophe Huyghé (11 July 1871 – 2 March 1944), later knighted Armand Huyghé de Mahenge, was a Belgian career soldier. He is best known for his service in the Belgian Congo during World War I, where he succeeded Charles Tombeur as commander of the Belgian forces in the East African Campaign in 1917. He commanded the Belgian contingent during the Allied occupation of the Rhineland after the war. During World War II, he was involved in the resistance and, after being captured by the Germans, was deported to Buchenwald concentration camp where he died in 1944.

Biography

Huyghé was born in Leuven in Brabant Province. He studied at the Royal Military Academy and entered the Belgian Army in 1891, serving in the 8th Regiment of the Line, as a junior officer.[1] In 1893, he transferred to the Force Publique, the colonial militia, in the then-Congo Free State which at the time was under the direct personal control of King Leopold II but returned to Belgium soon after, suffering from illness.[1]

Huyghé (centre-left) meeting French general Henri Mordacq in Frankfurt in 1920 during Huyghé's tenure as commander of the Belgian occupation forces in the Rhineland

At the outbreak of World War I, Huyghé served in the Belgian Army during the German invasion of Belgium, fighting at the Battles of Liège, Antwerp and the Yser in 1914. In 1915, with the front stabilised at the Yser, Huyghé returned to the Belgian Congo to serve in the Force Publique in the East African Campaign.[1] He initially served under Colonel Molitor in the North Brigade (Brigade Nord) during the operations on the frontier of German Ruanda-Urundi and fought at the Battle of Tabora in 1916. Replacing Charles Tombeur as commander of the Force Publique on campaign in February 1917, he commanded the Belgian forces at the important Battle of Mahenge in October 1917.[1]

Returning to Belgium after the war, he commanded the Belgian army of occupation during the Allied occupation of the Rhineland.[1] Retired for ill-health, he held a number of official positions in Belgian companies in the Congo after 1929 on the boards of the Compagnie du chemin de fer du Bas-Congo au Katanga (BCK), Société des mines d'étain du Ruanda-Urundi and the Compagnie des grands élevages congolais.[1] In 1933, he was made a chevalier (knight) by King Albert I in recognition of his role during World War I.[2]

At the time of the fall of Belgium and France in 1940, Huyghé was living in Burgundy and became a local leader in the French resistance. He was arrested in 1943 and detained at Fresnes Prison before being deported to Buchenwald concentration camp, together with the former Belgian prime minister Paul-Émile Janson, where he died of disease in 1944.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Biographie Coloniale Belge 1955, p. 415.
  2. ^ Biographie Coloniale Belge 1955, pp. 415–6.
  3. ^ Biographie Coloniale Belge 1955, p. 416.

Bibliography

  • Archive Armand Huyghé de Mahenge, Royal Museum for Central Africa
  • "HUYGHÉ de MAHENGE (Armand Christophe)". Biographie Coloniale Belge. Vol. IV. Brussels: Institut Royal Colonial Belge. 1955. OCLC 310588886.

Further reading

  • Paice, Edward (2008). Tip and Run: The Untold Tragedy of the Great War in Africa (Paperback ed.). London: Phoenix. ISBN 9780753823491.
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