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{{Short description|Extinct genus of ferns}}
{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
| fossil_range = [[Devonian]] to early [[Permian]]
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Devonian|Sakmarian|[[Late Devonian]] to [[Cisuralian|Early Permian]]}}
| image = Pecopteris villosa.jpg
| image = Pecopteris villosa.jpg
| image_caption = Partial frond of ''Pecopteris villosa'' from [[Mazon Creek fossils|Mazon Creek]] ([[Carboniferous]])
| image_caption = Partial frond of ''Pecopteris villosa'' from [[Mazon Creek fossils|Mazon Creek]] ([[Carboniferous]])
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| divisio = [[Pteridophyta]]
| divisio = [[Pteridophyta]]
| classis = [[Filicopsida]]
| classis = [[Filicopsida]]
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| genus = '''''Pecopteris'''''
| genus = '''''Pecopteris'''''
| genus_authority = [[Brongn.]]
| genus_authority = [[Brongn.]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
| subdivision = Approximately 250 to 300, see text
Approximately 250 to 300, see text.
}}
}}


'''''Pecopteris''''' is a very common [[form genus]] of [[leaf|leaves]]. Most ''Pecopteris'' leaves and fronds are associated with the marattialean tree fern ''[[Psaronius]]''. However, ''Pecopteris''-type foliage also is borne on several [[Filicales|filicalean]] ferns, and at least one [[Pteridospermatophyta|seed fern]].<ref name="Thomas">{{cite book|last1=Taylor|first1=Thomas N|last2=Taylor|first2=Edith L|last3=Krings|first3=Michael|title=Paleobotany: The biology and evolution of fossil plants|date=2009|isbn=978-0-12-373972-8|url=http://books.google.com/?id=_29tNNeQKeMC&pg=PA418}}</ref>
'''''Pecopteris''''' is a very common [[form genus]] of [[leaf|leaves]]. Most ''Pecopteris'' leaves and fronds are associated with the marattialean tree fern ''[[Psaronius]]''. However, ''Pecopteris''-type foliage also is borne on several [[Filicales|filicalean]] ferns, and at least one [[Pteridospermatophyta|seed fern]].<ref name="Thomas">{{cite book|last1=Taylor|first1=Thomas N|last2=Taylor|first2=Edith L|last3=Krings|first3=Michael|title=Paleobotany: The biology and evolution of fossil plants|date=2009|isbn=978-0-12-373972-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_29tNNeQKeMC&pg=PA418}}</ref>
<ref>Taylor, Thomas N. & Edith L. Taylor. ''The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants'', page 598. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1993). ISBN 0-13-651589-4.</ref> Pecopteris first appeared in the [[Devonian]] period, but flourished in the [[Carboniferous]], especially the [[Pennsylvanian (geology)|Pennsylvanian]]. Plants bearing these leaves became extinct in the [[Permian]] period.
<ref>Taylor, Thomas N. & Edith L. Taylor. ''The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants'', page 598. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1993). {{ISBN|0-13-651589-4}}.</ref> Pecopteris first appeared in the [[Devonian]] period, but flourished in the [[Carboniferous]], especially the [[Pennsylvanian (geology)|Pennsylvanian]]. Plants bearing these leaves became extinct in the [[Permian]] period, due to swamps disappearing and temperatures on Earth dropping.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-12-19|title=Pecopteris fossils|url=https://uwaterloo.ca/earth-sciences-museum/resources/pecopteris-fossils|access-date=2021-02-14|website=Earth Sciences Museum|language=en}}</ref>


== Etymology ==
== Etymology ==
''Pecopteris'' is derived from the Greek ''pekin'', (to comb), and ''pteris'', (a fern).<ref>Webster's New Universal Unabridged Dictionary, Simon & Schuster Publishing, 1972. ISBN 0-671-41819-X.</ref> This is because the leaflets of ''Pecopteris'' fronds are arranged like the teeth on a comb.<ref>Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Volume II, 1976, pg. 1662.In the great battle of Naruto and Sasuke , this plant became extinct.</ref>
''Pecopteris'' is derived from the Greek ''pekin'', (to comb), and ''pteris'', (a fern).<ref>Webster's New Universal Unabridged Dictionary, Simon & Schuster Publishing, 1972. {{ISBN|0-671-41819-X}}.</ref> This is because the leaflets of ''Pecopteris'' fronds are arranged like the teeth on a comb.<ref>Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Volume II, 1976, pg. 1662.</ref>


==Species==
==Species==
As of 1997, there have been 250-300 species assigned to ''Pecopteris''.<ref>[http://www.nmnh.si.edu/rtp/students/1997/robertso.htm Research Training Program<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
As of 1997, there have been 250-300 species assigned to ''Pecopteris''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nmnh.si.edu/rtp/students/1997/robertso.htm |title=Research Training Program<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080424022836/http://www.nmnh.si.edu/rtp/students/1997/robertso.htm |archive-date=2008-04-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


In [[Brazil]], fossil of [[form genus]] ''Pecopteris'' was located in outcrop ''Morro Papalé'' in the city of [[Mariana Pimentel]]. They are in the geopark [[Paleorrota]] in [[Rio Bonito Formation]] and date from [[Sakmarian]] in [[Permian]].<ref>[http://sigep.cprm.gov.br/sitio101/sitio101_impresso.pdf Afloramento Morro do Papaléo, Mariana Pimentel, RS]</ref>
In [[Brazil]], fossil of [[form genus]] ''Pecopteris'' was located in outcrop ''Morro Papalé'' in the city of [[Mariana Pimentel]]. They are in the geopark Paleorrota in [[Rio Bonito Formation]] and date from [[Sakmarian]] in [[Permian]].<ref>[http://sigep.cprm.gov.br/sitio101/sitio101_impresso.pdf Afloramento Morro do Papaléo, Mariana Pimentel, RS]</ref>


<gallery>
<gallery>
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File:Exhibit Museum of Natural History, Ann Arbor - IMG 9198.JPG|''Pecopteris'' in the Exhibit Museum of Natural History, Ann Arbor
File:Exhibit Museum of Natural History, Ann Arbor - IMG 9198.JPG|''Pecopteris'' in the Exhibit Museum of Natural History, Ann Arbor
</gallery>
</gallery>
</center>


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{commons category-inline}}
{{commons category-inline}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q144285}}
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{{fern-stub}}
{{paleobotany-stub}}


[[Category:Prehistoric plants]]
[[Category:Prehistoric plant genera]]
[[Category:Devonian plants]]
[[Category:Carboniferous plants]]
[[Category:Fossils of Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:Paleozoic life of New Brunswick]]
[[Category:Paleozoic life of Nova Scotia]]
[[Category:Paleozoic life of Prince Edward Island]]
[[Category:Prehistoric plants of North America]]


⚫
{{fern-stub}}
{{Devonian-plant-stub}}
{{Carboniferous-plant-stub}}

Latest revision as of 16:15, 24 May 2024

Pecopteris
Temporal range: Late Devonian to Early Permian
Partial frond of Pecopteris villosa from Mazon Creek (Carboniferous)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Division:
Pteridophyta
Class:
Filicopsida
Order:
Marattiales
Family:
Marattiaceae
Genus:
Pecopteris

Species

Approximately 250 to 300, see text

Pecopteris is a very common form genus of leaves. Most Pecopteris leaves and fronds are associated with the marattialean tree fern Psaronius. However, Pecopteris-type foliage also is borne on several filicalean ferns, and at least one seed fern.[1] [2] Pecopteris first appeared in the Devonian period, but flourished in the Carboniferous, especially the Pennsylvanian. Plants bearing these leaves became extinct in the Permian period, due to swamps disappearing and temperatures on Earth dropping.[3]

Etymology

[edit]

Pecopteris is derived from the Greek pekin, (to comb), and pteris, (a fern).[4] This is because the leaflets of Pecopteris fronds are arranged like the teeth on a comb.[5]

Species

[edit]

As of 1997, there have been 250-300 species assigned to Pecopteris.[6]

In Brazil, fossil of form genus Pecopteris was located in outcrop Morro Papalé in the city of Mariana Pimentel. They are in the geopark Paleorrota in Rio Bonito Formation and date from Sakmarian in Permian.[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Taylor, Thomas N; Taylor, Edith L; Krings, Michael (2009). Paleobotany: The biology and evolution of fossil plants. ISBN 978-0-12-373972-8.
  2. ^ Taylor, Thomas N. & Edith L. Taylor. The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants, page 598. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1993). ISBN 0-13-651589-4.
  3. ^ "Pecopteris fossils". Earth Sciences Museum. 2013-12-19. Retrieved 2021-02-14.
  4. ^ Webster's New Universal Unabridged Dictionary, Simon & Schuster Publishing, 1972. ISBN 0-671-41819-X.
  5. ^ Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Volume II, 1976, pg. 1662.
  6. ^ "Research Training Program". Archived from the original on 2008-04-24. Retrieved 2008-05-03.
  7. ^ Afloramento Morro do Papaléo, Mariana Pimentel, RS
[edit]

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