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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
| image = Cochlospermum fraseri flowers.jpg
| image = Cochlospermum fraseri flowers.jpg
| genus = Cochlospermum
| genus = Cochlospermum
| species = fraseri
| species = fraseri
|status=LC
| status=LC
|status_system=TPWCA
| status_system=TPWCA
| authority = [[Jules Émile Planchon|Planch.]]
| authority = [[Jules Émile Planchon|Planch.]]{{R|APNI|POWO}}
| range_map=Cochlospermumfraseri1.png
| synonyms =
| range_map_caption=Occurrence data from [[Australasian Virtual Herbarium|AVH]]
{{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; |
*''Maximilianea fraseri'' <small>(Planch.) Kuntze</small>
| synonyms = * ''Maximilianea fraseri'' {{small|(Planch.) Kuntze}}
⚫
| synonyms_ref = {{R|POWO}}
}}
⚫
| synonyms_ref = <ref>{{citation
|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-44526
|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species
|accessdate=3 April 2016}}</ref>
}}
}}


'''''Cochlospermum fraseri''''' is a tree in the family [[Bixaceae]] with [[common name]]s cotton tree, kapok bush, and kapok tree.<ref name=ala/> It is native to North Western Australia (in [[Western Australia]]<ref name=florabase/> and the [[Northern Territory]]<ref name=NTflora/>).
'''''Cochlospermum fraseri''''' is a tree in the family [[Bixaceae]] with [[common name]]s '''cotton tree''', '''kapok bush''', and '''kapok tree'''. It is native to northwestern Australia from the [[Kimberley (Western Australia)|Kimberly region]] of Western Australia to the northern parts of the [[Northern Territory]].<ref name=ala /><ref name=florabase /><ref name=NTflora />


==Description==
==Description==
''Cochlospermum fraseri'' is a deciduous<ref name=florabase/> tree or shrub which can grow to 7 m tall.<ref name=NTflora/> It flowers from April to October<ref name=NTflora/> (March to August<ref name=florabase/>), the inflorescence being a terminal panicle.<ref name=NTflora/> The flower is asymmetric, having five sepals in two whorls, with the outer two sepals being shorter than the inner three.<ref name=NTflora2/> It has numerous stamens.<ref name=NTflora/>
''Cochlospermum fraseri'' is a deciduous shrub or small tree which can grow to 7&nbsp;m tall. It flowers from March to October, the inflorescence being a terminal panicle. The flowers are asymmetric, having five sepals in two whorls, with the outer two sepals being shorter than the inner three, and it has numerous stamens. The flowers often appear when the plant has no leaves. It fruits from June to March, with the fruit being a woody capsule having 3 to 5 valves. The seeds are surrounded by fluffy, "cottony" threads, giving rise to the common name kapok tree.<ref name=NTflora /><ref name=florabase /><ref name=Brock /><ref name=Moore />

It fruits from June to March, with the fruit being a woody capsule having 3-5 valves.<ref name=NTflora/>
==Habitat==
==Taxonomy==
French botanist [[Jules Émile Planchon]] described this species in 1847 from Melville Island off the north coast of Australia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Planchon |first=Jules Émile |year=1847 |title=Sur la nouvelle famille des Cochlospermées |journal=London Journal of Botany |volume=6 |page=307 |language=fr |url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2926281 |via=[[Biodiversity Heritage Library|BHL]]}}</ref> Two subspecies are recognised: subspecies ''fraseri'', found mainly from Katherine to Melville Island, has smooth leaves and 2&nbsp;mm-long bracts, and subspecies ''heteronemum'', from Katherine west to the Ord River, has finely furred leaves and 40–58&nbsp;mm-long bracts.<ref name=NTflora />
⚫
''Cochlospermum fraseri'' grows in in open eucalypt woodland on a variety of soils, including sands, gravelly soils, and heavy clay soils.<ref name=NTflora/>

==Distribution==
==Distribution and habitat==
It is found in the bioregions of [[Central Kimberley]], [[Dampierland]], [[Gulf Fall and Uplands]], [[Northern Kimberley]], [[Ord Victoria Plain, Pine Creek]], [[Victoria Bonaparte]] in the [[Northern Territory]].<ref name=NTflora/>,
and the bioregions of [[Central Kimberley]], [[Dampierland]], [[Great Sandy Desert]], [[Northern Kimberley]], [[Ord Victoria Plain]], [[Victoria Bonaparte]] in Western Australia.<ref name=florabase/>
It is found in the bioregions of [[Central Kimberley]], [[Dampierland]], [[Gulf Fall and Uplands]], [[Northern Kimberley]], [[Ord Victoria Plain]], [[Pine Creek (biogeographic region)|Pine Creek]], [[Victoria Bonaparte]] in the [[Northern Territory]].,<ref name=NTflora /> and the bioregions of [[Central Kimberley]], [[Dampierland]], [[Great Sandy Desert]], [[Northern Kimberley]], [[Ord Victoria Plain]], [[Victoria Bonaparte]] in Western Australia.<ref name=florabase />

⚫
''Cochlospermum fraseri'' grows in open eucalypt woodland on a variety of soils, including sands, gravelly soils, and heavy clay soils.<ref name=NTflora />

==Uses==
The indigenous people of northern Australia would eat the flowers, either raw or cooked, and the roots of young plants.<ref name="Brock"/> They also used to use the fluff from the seeds as body decoration.<ref name=Moore />

This plant is a "calendar" plant of the [[Jawoyn]] people: flowering indicates when freshwater crocodiles are laying eggs, fruiting the time for collecting them.<ref name=Moore />

==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery width="300px">
<gallery
|width = 220>
Kapok3839674626 48e20e6274 o.jpg
Kapok3839674626 48e20e6274 o.jpg
KapokCochlospermumfraseri3841865187 6bceccbf9c o.jpg
KapokCochlospermumfraseri3841865187 6bceccbf9c o.jpg
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==References==
==References==
{{commons category|Cochlospermum fraseri}}
{{Commons category}}
{{Reflist|refs=
{{Reflist|28em|refs=
<ref name="ala">{{cite web |url=https://bie.ala.org.au/species/https://id.biodiversity.org.au/node/apni/2899125 |title=''Cochlospermum fraseri'' |website=[[Atlas of Living Australia]] |publisher=National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS), [[Australian Government]] |access-date=16 May 2024}}</ref>
<ref name=NTflora> 2018. [http://eflora.nt.gov.au/factsheet?id=766 NTflora factsheet: ''Cochlospermum fraseri''.] Retrieved 27 May 2018.</ref>

<ref name=NTflora2>Kerrigan, R.A. & Dixon, D.J. 2011. [http://eflora.nt.gov.au/viewfile?file_id=698 NTflora 'Flora of the Darwin Region, Vol 1, Bixaceae] Retrieved 27 May 2018.</ref>
<ref name="florabase">{{cite web |url=https://florabase.dbca.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/5214 |title=''Cochlospermum fraseri'' Planch. |year=2021 |website=[[Western Australian Herbarium]] (1998–). Florabase—the Western Australian Flora |publisher=Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, [[Government of Western Australia]] |access-date=16 May 2024}}</ref>
<ref name=ala>{{citation |url=http://bie.ala.org.au/species/urn:lsid:biodiversity.org.au:apni.taxon:84831#tab_names |title=Atlas of Living Australia}}</ref>

><ref name=florabase>{{citation |url=https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/5214 |title=FloraBase |accessdate=3 April 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="Moore">{{cite book |last1=Moore |first1=Phillip |title=A Guide to Plants of Inland Australia |date=2005 |publisher=Reed New Holland |location=Sydney |isbn=9781876334864 |pages=504 |url=https://au.newhollandpublishers.com/a-guide-to-plants-of-inland-australia-9781876334864.html |access-date=16 May 2024}}</ref>

<ref name="NTflora">{{cite web |url=https://eflora.nt.gov.au/factsheet?id=766 |title=''Cochlospermum fraseri'' |year=2013 |website=[[FloraNT]], [[Northern Territory Herbarium]] |publisher=[[Northern Territory Government]], Darwin. |access-date=16 May 2024}}</ref>

<ref name="Brock">{{cite book |last1=Brock |first1=John |title=Native plants of northern Australia |date=2001 |publisher=Reed New Holland |location=Sydney |isbn=9781925546828 |page=124 |url=https://au.newhollandpublishers.com/native-plants-of-northern-australia-9781925546828.html |archive-url=https://archive.org/details/nativeplantsofno0000broc/page/124/mode/2up?q=Cochlospermum |archive-date=14 June 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="APNI">{{cite web |url=https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/72812 |title=''Cochlospermum fraseri'' |website=[[Australian Plant Name Index]] (APNI) |publisher=Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, [[Australian Government]] |access-date=16 May 2024}}</ref>

<ref name="POWO">{{cite web |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:111523-1 |title=''Cochlospermum fraseri'' Planch. |website=[[Plants of the World Online]] |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |year=2024 |access-date=16 May 2024}}</ref>
}}
}}


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[[Category:Cochlospermum|fraseri]]
[[Category:Cochlospermum|fraseri]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1847]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Jules Émile Planchon]]

Latest revision as of 18:41, 16 May 2024

Cochlospermum fraseri
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Bixaceae
Genus: Cochlospermum
Species:
C. fraseri
Binomial name
Cochlospermum fraseri
Occurrence data from AVH
Synonyms[2]
  • Maximilianea fraseri (Planch.) Kuntze

Cochlospermum fraseri is a tree in the family Bixaceae with common names cotton tree, kapok bush, and kapok tree. It is native to northwestern Australia from the Kimberly region of Western Australia to the northern parts of the Northern Territory.[3][4][5]

Description

[edit]

Cochlospermum fraseri is a deciduous shrub or small tree which can grow to 7 m tall. It flowers from March to October, the inflorescence being a terminal panicle. The flowers are asymmetric, having five sepals in two whorls, with the outer two sepals being shorter than the inner three, and it has numerous stamens. The flowers often appear when the plant has no leaves. It fruits from June to March, with the fruit being a woody capsule having 3 to 5 valves. The seeds are surrounded by fluffy, "cottony" threads, giving rise to the common name kapok tree.[5][4][6][7]

Taxonomy

[edit]

French botanist Jules Émile Planchon described this species in 1847 from Melville Island off the north coast of Australia.[8] Two subspecies are recognised: subspecies fraseri, found mainly from Katherine to Melville Island, has smooth leaves and 2 mm-long bracts, and subspecies heteronemum, from Katherine west to the Ord River, has finely furred leaves and 40–58 mm-long bracts.[5]

Distribution and habitat

[edit]

It is found in the bioregions of Central Kimberley, Dampierland, Gulf Fall and Uplands, Northern Kimberley, Ord Victoria Plain, Pine Creek, Victoria Bonaparte in the Northern Territory.,[5] and the bioregions of Central Kimberley, Dampierland, Great Sandy Desert, Northern Kimberley, Ord Victoria Plain, Victoria Bonaparte in Western Australia.[4]

Cochlospermum fraseri grows in open eucalypt woodland on a variety of soils, including sands, gravelly soils, and heavy clay soils.[5]

Uses

[edit]

The indigenous people of northern Australia would eat the flowers, either raw or cooked, and the roots of young plants.[6] They also used to use the fluff from the seeds as body decoration.[7]

This plant is a "calendar" plant of the Jawoyn people: flowering indicates when freshwater crocodiles are laying eggs, fruiting the time for collecting them.[7]

[edit]

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cochlospermum fraseri.
  1. ^ "Cochlospermum fraseri". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  2. ^ a b "Cochlospermum fraseri Planch". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2024. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  3. ^ "Cochlospermum fraseri". Atlas of Living Australia. National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS), Australian Government. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  4. ^ a b c "Cochlospermum fraseri Planch". Western Australian Herbarium (1998–). Florabase—the Western Australian Flora. Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Government of Western Australia. 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  5. ^ a b c d e "Cochlospermum fraseri". FloraNT, Northern Territory Herbarium. Northern Territory Government, Darwin. 2013. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  6. ^ a b Brock, John (2001). Native plants of northern Australia. Sydney: Reed New Holland. p. 124. ISBN 9781925546828. Archived from the original on 14 June 2022.
  7. ^ a b c Moore, Phillip (2005). A Guide to Plants of Inland Australia. Sydney: Reed New Holland. p. 504. ISBN 9781876334864. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  8. ^ Planchon, Jules Émile (1847). "Sur la nouvelle famille des Cochlospermées". London Journal of Botany (in French). 6: 307 – via BHL.
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