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The term romance (Spanish: romance/romanza, Italian: romanza, ‹See Tfd›German: Romanze, French: romance, ‹See Tfd›Russian: романс, Portuguese: romance, Romanian: romanţă) has a centuries-long history. Applied to narrative ballads in Spain, it came to be used by the 18th century for simple lyrical pieces not only for voice, but also for instruments alone. The Oxford Dictionary of Music^[1] states that "generally it implies a specially personal or tender quality".

Instrumental music bearing the title "Romance"

Typically, a Classical piece or movement called a "Romance" is in three, meaning three beats in the bar

Beethoven: two violin romances (Romanzen) for violin and orchestra, No. 1 G major, Op. 40; No. 2 in F major, Op. 50 take the form of a loose theme and variations
Johannes Brahms: Romanze in F major for piano, Op. 118, No. 5 (1893)
Max Bruch: "Romance for Viola and Orchestra in F"
Arthur Butterworth: Romanza for horn and string quartet with double bass ad libitum (or piano), Op. 12 (1951)
Antonín Dvořák: Romance in F minor for violin and orchestra, Op. 11 (1873/1877)
Edward Elgar:
- Romance for bassoon and orchestra, Op. 62 (1910)
- Enigma Variation XIII (Romanza: Moderato)
Edvard Grieg: String Quartet No. 1 in G minor, Op. 27 (1878), second movement
Erich Wolfgang Korngold: Romance from Concerto for violin and orchestra, second movement
Miguel Llobet: Romanza
Nikolai Medtner: Piano Sonata "Romantica" in B-flat minor, Op. 53, No. 1 (1929/1930), first movement
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Romanze from Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, the second movement; Piano Concerto No. 20, second movement
Joseph Haydn: "Romance: Allegretto" from Symphony No. 85 in B♭, "La Reine," the second movement
Romanza (Paganini-Ponce)
Camille Saint-Saëns:
- Romance in D-flat major for flute and piano (or orchestra), Op. 37 (1871)
- Romance in D major for cello and orchestra, Op. 51 (1877)
Clara Schumann: Drei Romanzen for violin and piano, Op. 22 (1853)
Robert Schumann: Drei Romanzen (for piano), Op. 28 (1839)
Robert Schumann: Drei Romanzen (for oboe or violin and piano), Op. 94 (1849)
Dmitri Shostakovich: Romance from The Gadfly Suite
Jean Sibelius: Romances for piano Op 24, Nos. 2, 5, and 9; Op. 78, No. 2
Johan Svendsen: Romance for violin and orchestra, Op. 26 (1881)
Ralph Vaughan Williams: Romanza, in his Tuba Concerto (1954), and Romance for viola and piano (unknown)
Anonymous: "Romance/Romanza" for the classical guitar, known variously as Spanish Romance, Romance D'Amour, etc.

Mozart subtitled the second movement of his piano concerto no. 20 in D minor (K.466) "Romanze" and the second movement of his third horn concerto "Romance".

Liszt wrote a Romance in E minor in 1842 in Moscow.

Robert Schumann was particularly fond of the title for lyrical piano pieces.

Georges Bizet's "Je crois entendre encore" from The Pearl Fishers (1863) is labelled a romance in the score.

Giuseppe Verdi's "Celeste Aida" from Aida (1871) is labelled romanza.

Franz Lehar's "Wie einen Rosenknospe" from "The Merry Widow" is labelled "Romance".

Works with voice parts

Lieder by Franz Schubert:
- D 114, "Romanze" ['Ein Fräulein klagt’ im finstern Turm'] for voice and piano (1814; 2 versions)
- D 144, "Romanze" ['In der Väter Hallen ruhte'] for voice and piano (1816, sketch)
- D 222, "Lieb Minna" ['Schwüler Hauch weht mir herüber'] for voice and piano (1815, also appears as "Lieb Minna. Romanze")
- D 907, "Romanze des Richard Löwenherz" ['Großer Taten tat der Ritter fern im heiligen Lande viel'] for voice and piano (1826?, two versions, 2nd version is Op. 86)
- "Romanze", No. 3b of Schubert's Rosamunde
Wilhelm Killmayer: Romanzen (1954)

Romances sans paroles

So many composers in the French tradition wrote Romances sans paroles, "Romances without words", from the 1840s onwards^[2] that the radical poet Paul Verlaine in turn published a collection of his impressionistic poems as Romances sans paroles (1874).

Russian romance

During the 19th century Alexander Alyabyev (1787–1851), Alexander Varlamov (1801–48) and Alexander Gurilyov (1803–58) developed the French variety of the romance as a sentimental category of Russian art song. Black Eyes is perhaps the best known example. Among other notable examples of the Russian Romance are Shine, Shine, My Star and Along the Long Road.

British singer Marc Almond is the only Western artist to receive acclaim in Western Europe as well as in Russia for singing English versions of Russian romances and Russian chanson on his albums Heart on Snow and Orpheus in Exile.^{[citation needed]}

Notes

^ The Oxford Dictionary of Music, Michael Kennedy, editor, 1985 (New York City: Oxford University Press), sub "Romance".
^ Sigismond Thalberg, Henri Vieuxtemps, Gabriel Fauré, Camille Saint-Saëns, Georges Bizet, Alexandre Guilmant, Alexander Dreyschock, Cécile Chaminade, Zygmunt Stojowski

References

(in French) Henri Gougelot, La Romance française sous la Révolution et l'Empire : choix de textes musicaux (Melun:Legrand & Fils, 1937) [2nd ed., 1943]
(in French) Henri Gougelot, Catalogue des romances françaises parues sous la Révolution et l'Empire, les recueils de romances (Melun:Legrand & Fils, 1937)
Russian romances on YouTube

External links

Romance from l’Art du facteur d’orgues, played by Jean-Luc Perrot, Dom Bedos de Celles on the organ François-Henri Clicquot, Souvigny
Romances at The LiederNet Archive

[1] The Oxford Dictionary of Music, Michael Kennedy, editor, 1985 (New York City: Oxford University Press), sub "Romance".

[2] Sigismond Thalberg, Henri Vieuxtemps, Gabriel Fauré, Camille Saint-Saëns, Georges Bizet, Alexandre Guilmant, Alexander Dreyschock, Cécile Chaminade, Zygmunt Stojowski

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Musical form of brief, simple melody}}
-{{about|the traditional musical term|the genre of music|romantic music|other uses|Romance (disambiguation)}}
+{{about|the traditional musical term|the genre of music|Romantic music|other uses|Romance (disambiguation)}}
-{{refimprove|date=January 2012}}
+{{distinguish|love song}}
+{{more citations needed|date=January 2012}}
 [[File:Tropinin gitarist.jpg|thumb|''Russian Guitar Player'', by [[Vasily Tropinin]] (1823)]]
-The term '''romance''' ({{lang-es|romance/romanza}}, {{lang-it|romanza}}, {{lang-de|Romanze}}, {{lang-fr|romance}}, {{lang-ru|романс}}, {{lang-pt|romance}}, {{lang-ro|romanţă}}) has a centuries-long history. Applied to narrative ballads in Spain, it came to be used by the 18th century for simple lyrical pieces not only for voice, but also for instruments alone. The ''Oxford Dictionary of Music''<ref>''The Oxford Dictionary of Music'', [[Michael Kennedy (music critic)|Michael Kennedy]], editor, 1985 ([[New York]]: [[Oxford University Press]]), ''sub'' "Romance".</ref> states that "generally it implies a specially personal or tender quality".
+The term '''romance''' ({{lang-es|romance/romanza}}, {{lang-it|romanza}}, {{lang-de|Romanze}}, {{lang-fr|romance}}, {{lang-ru|романс}}, {{lang-pt|romance}}, {{lang-ro|romanţă}}) has a centuries-long history. Applied to narrative ballads in Spain, it came to be used by the 18th century for simple lyrical pieces not only for voice, but also for instruments alone. The ''Oxford Dictionary of Music''<ref>''The Oxford Dictionary of Music'', [[Michael Kennedy (music critic)|Michael Kennedy]], editor, 1985 ([[New York City]]: [[Oxford University Press]]), ''sub'' "Romance".</ref> states that "generally it implies a specially personal or tender quality".
 == Instrumental music bearing the title "Romance" ==
-Typically, a Classical piece or movement called a "Romance" is in triple rhythm, with three beats in the bar.
+Typically, a Classical piece or movement called a "Romance" is in three, meaning three beats in the bar
-* [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]]: two violin romances (''Romanzen'') for violin and orchestra, [[Violin Romance No. 1 (Beethoven)|No. 1 G major, Op. 40]]; [[Violin Romance No. 2 (Beethoven)|No. 2 in F major, Op. 50]] take the form of a loose theme and variations.
+* [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]]: two violin romances (''Romanzen'') for violin and orchestra, [[Violin Romance No. 1 (Beethoven)|No. 1 G major, Op. 40]]; [[Violin Romance No. 2 (Beethoven)|No. 2 in F major, Op. 50]] take the form of a loose theme and variations
 * [[Johannes Brahms]]: ''Romanze'' in F major for piano, [[Six Pieces for Piano, Op. 118 (Brahms)|Op. 118, No. 5]] (1893)
 * [[Max Bruch]]: "Romance for Viola and Orchestra in F"
+* [[Arthur Butterworth]]: Romanza for horn and string quartet with double bass ad libitum (or piano), Op. 12 (1951)
-* [[Antonín Dvořák]]: Romance in F minor for violin and orchestra, Op. 11 (1873/1877)
-* [[Edward Elgar]]: [[Romance for bassoon (Elgar)|''Romance'' for bassoon and orchestra]], Op. 62 (1910)
+* [[Antonín Dvořák]]: [[Romance in F minor (Dvořák)|''Romance in F minor'' for violin and orchestra, Op. 11]] (1873/1877)
+* [[Edward Elgar]]:
+**[[Romance for bassoon (Elgar)|''Romance'' for bassoon and orchestra]], Op. 62 (1910)
+**[[Enigma Variations#Variation XIII (Romanza: Moderato) " * * * "|Enigma Variation XIII (Romanza: Moderato)]]
 * [[Edvard Grieg]]: [[String Quartet No. 1 (Grieg)|String Quartet No. 1 in G minor]], Op. 27 (1878), second movement
-* [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]: ''Romanze'' from [[Eine Kleine Nachtmusik]], the second movement; [[Piano Concerto No. 20 (Mozart)|Piano Concerto No. 20]], second movement
+* [[Erich Wolfgang Korngold]]: ''Romance'' from [[Violin Concerto (Korngold)|Concerto for violin and orchestra]], second movement
+* [[Miguel Llobet]]: ''Romanza''
-* [[Joseph Haydn]]: "Romance: Allegretto" from Symphony No. 85 in Bb, "La Reine," the second movement
+* [[Nikolai Medtner]]: Piano Sonata "Romantica" in B-flat minor, Op. 53, No. 1 (1929/1930), first movement
-* [[Camille Saint-Saëns]]: ''Romance'' in D for violoncello and orchestra, Op. 51 (1877)
+* [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]: ''Romanze'' from [[Eine Kleine Nachtmusik]], the second movement; [[Piano Concerto No. 20 (Mozart)|Piano Concerto No. 20]], second movement
-* [[Clara Schumann]]: ''Drei Romanzen'' for violin and piano, Op. 22 (1853)
+* [[Joseph Haydn]]: "Romance: Allegretto" from Symphony No. 85 in B{{music|flat}}, "La Reine," the second movement
-* [[Robert Schumann]]: ''Drei Romanzen'' (for piano), Op. 28. (1839)
+* [[Romanza (Paganini-Ponce)|''Romanza'' (Paganini-Ponce)]]
-* Robert Schumann: ''Drei Romanzen'' (for oboe or violin and piano), Op. 94. (1849)
+* [[Camille Saint-Saëns]]:
+** [[Romance, Op. 37 (Saint-Saëns)|''Romance'' in D-flat major]] for flute and piano (or orchestra), Op. 37 (1871)
+** ''Romance'' in D major for cello and orchestra, Op. 51 (1877)
+* [[Clara Schumann]]: ''[[Three Romances for Violin and Piano|Drei Romanzen]]'' for violin and piano, Op. 22 (1853)
+* [[Robert Schumann]]: ''Drei Romanzen'' (for piano), Op. 28 (1839)
+* Robert Schumann: ''Drei Romanzen'' (for oboe or violin and piano), Op. 94 (1849)
 * [[Dmitri Shostakovich]]: ''Romance'' from [[The Gadfly Suite]]
-* [[Jean Sibelius]]: ''Romances'' for piano Op 24, No. 9, Op. 78, No. 2
+* [[Jean Sibelius]]: ''Romances'' for piano Op 24, Nos. 2, 5, and 9; Op. 78, No. 2
 * [[Johan Svendsen]]: ''Romance for violin and orchestra'', Op. 26 (1881)
-* [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]]: ''Romanza'', in his Concerto in F minor for bass tuba, No. 2 (1954)
+* [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]]: ''Romanza'', in his [[Tuba Concerto (Vaughan Williams)|Tuba Concerto]] (1954), and [[Romance for viola and piano (Vaughan Williams)|Romance for viola and piano]] (unknown)
-*  Anonymous: [[Romance (guitar piece)|"Romance/Romanza" for the classical guitar]], known variously as ''Spanish Romance'', ''Romance D'Amour'', etc.
+* Anonymous: [[Romance (guitar piece)|"Romance/Romanza" for the classical guitar]], known variously as ''Spanish Romance'', ''Romance D'Amour'', etc.
-[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]] subtitled the second movement of his piano concerto no. 20 in D minor (K.466) "Romanze" and his Horn Concerto has a ''Romance and Rondo''.
+[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]] subtitled the second movement of his piano concerto no. 20 in D minor (K.466) "Romanze" and the second movement of his [[Horn Concerto No. 3 (Mozart)|third horn concerto]] "Romance".
+[[Franz Liszt|Liszt]] wrote a Romance in E minor in 1842 in Moscow.
 [[Robert Schumann]] was particularly fond of the title for lyrical piano pieces.
@@ Line 32: / Line 45: @@
 [[Giuseppe Verdi]]'s "[[Celeste Aida]]" from ''[[Aida]]'' (1871) is labelled ''romanza''.
+[[Franz Lehar]]'s "Wie einen Rosenknospe" from "[[The Merry Widow]]" is labelled "Romance".
-== Lieder ==
-[[Lied]]er by [[Franz Schubert]]:
+== Works with voice parts ==
-* {{D.}} 114, "Romanze" ['Ein Fräulein klagt’ im finstern Turm'] for voice and piano (1814; 2 versions)
+*[[Lied]]er by [[Franz Schubert]]:
-* D 144, "Romanze" ['In der Väter Hallen ruhte'] for voice and piano (1816, sketch)
-* D 222, "Lieb Minna" ['Schwüler Hauch weht mir herüber'] for voice and piano (1815, also appears as "Lieb Minna. Romanze")
+** {{D.}} 114, "Romanze" ['Ein Fräulein klagt’ im finstern Turm'] for voice and piano (1814; 2 versions)
-* D 907, "Romanze des Richard Löwenherz" ['Großer Taten tat der Ritter fern im heiligen Lande viel'] for voice and piano (1826?, two versions, 2nd version is Op. 86)
+** D 144, "Romanze" ['In der Väter Hallen ruhte'] for voice and piano (1816, sketch)
+** D 222, "Lieb Minna" ['Schwüler Hauch weht mir herüber'] for voice and piano (1815, also appears as "Lieb Minna. Romanze")
-Also No. 3b of Schubert's ''[[Rosamunde]]'' is a "Romanze."
+** D 907, "Romanze des Richard Löwenherz" ['Großer Taten tat der Ritter fern im heiligen Lande viel'] for voice and piano (1826?, two versions, 2nd version is Op. 86)
+** "Romanze", No. 3b of Schubert's ''[[Rosamunde]]''
+* [[Wilhelm Killmayer]]: ''[[Romanzen (Killmayer)|Romanzen]]'' (1954)
 == Romances sans paroles ==
@@ Line 45: / Line 61: @@
 == Russian romance ==
+{{external media
+ |topic    =
+ |title    = External video
+ |float    =
+ |width    = 200px
+ |video1   = {{youtube|DMZeTrkkhpk|Top 25 Russian Romances}}
+}}
 {{Main|Russian romance}}
-During the 19th century [[Alexander Alyabyev]] (1787-1851), [[Alexander Egorovich Varlamov|Alexander Varlamov]] (1801-48) and [[Alexander Gurilyov]] (1803–58) developed the French variety of the romance as a sentimental category of [[Russia]]n [[art song]]. ''[[Dark Eyes (song)|Black Eyes]]'' is perhaps the best known example. Among other notable examples of the Russian Romance are ''[[Shine, Shine, My Star]]'' and ''[[Those Were the Days (song)|Along the Long Road]]''.
+During the 19th century [[Alexander Alyabyev]] (1787–1851), [[Alexander Egorovich Varlamov|Alexander Varlamov]] (1801–48) and [[Alexander Gurilyov]] (1803–58) developed the French variety of the romance as a sentimental category of [[Russia]]n [[art song]]. ''[[Dark Eyes (Russian song)|Black Eyes]]'' is perhaps the best known example. Among other notable examples of the Russian Romance are ''[[Shine, Shine, My Star]]'' and ''[[Those Were the Days (song)|Along the Long Road]]''.
-British singer [[Marc Almond]] is the only Western artist to receive acclaim in Western Europe and well as Russia, for singing English versions of Russian romances and Russian chanson on his albums ''[[Heart on Snow]]'' and ''Orpheus in Exile'' (the songs of [[Vadim Kozin]]).{{cn|date=September 2014}}
+British singer [[Marc Almond]] is the only Western artist to receive acclaim in Western Europe as well as in Russia for singing English versions of Russian romances and Russian chanson on his albums ''[[Heart on Snow]]'' and ''[[Orpheus in Exile]]''.{{citation needed|date=September 2014}}
 ==Notes==
@@ Line 54: / Line 77: @@
 ==References==
-* {{fr icon}} Henri Gougelot, ''La Romance française sous la Révolution et l'Empire : choix de textes musicaux'' (Melun:Legrand & Fils, 1937) [2nd ed., 1943].
+* {{in lang|fr}} Henri Gougelot, ''La Romance française sous la Révolution et l'Empire : choix de textes musicaux'' (Melun:Legrand & Fils, 1937) [2nd ed., 1943]
-* {{fr icon}} Henri Gougelot, ''Catalogue des romances françaises parues sous la Révolution et l'Empire, les recueils de romances'' (Melun:Legrand & Fils, 1937)
+* {{in lang|fr}} Henri Gougelot, ''Catalogue des romances françaises parues sous la Révolution et l'Empire, les recueils de romances'' (Melun:Legrand & Fils, 1937)
 *[http://www.softpanorama.org/Links/Russian/Culture/Music/russian_romances.shtml Russian romances on YouTube]
 ==External links==
-*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrrP4c3YXjk Jean-Luc Perrot plays the ''Romance''] from ''l’Art du facteur d’orgues'', [[Dom Bedos de Celles]] on the organ [[François-Henri Clicquot]], [[Souvigny]]
+*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrrP4c3YXjk ''Romance'' from ''l’Art du facteur d’orgues''], played by [[Jean-Luc Perrot]], [[Dom Bedos de Celles]] on the organ [[François-Henri Clicquot]], [[Souvigny]]
-*[http://www.recmusic.org/lieder/find_titles.html?pat=Roman Romances] at The LiederNet Archive
+*[http://www.lieder.net/lieder/find_titles.html?pat=Roman Romances] at The LiederNet Archive
+{{Schubert lieder}}
-[[Category:Western classical music styles]]
+[[Category:Romance (music)| ]]
+[[Category:Classical music styles]]

v t e Songs by Franz Schubert
Part songs	"Schwertlied", D 170 "An die Freude", D 189 "Gesang der Geister über den Wassern", D 714 "Ständchen", D 920
Lieder	"Der Taucher", D 77 "Gretchen am Spinnrade", D 118 "Rastlose Liebe", D 130 "Der Mondabend", D 141 "Amphiaraos", D 166 "Die Bürgschaft", D 246 "Heidenröslein", D 257 "Vaterlandslied", D 287 "Hermann und Thusnelda", D 322 "Erlkönig", D 328 "Der König in Thule", D 367 "Der Wanderer", D 489 "Wiegenlied", D 498 "Der Tod und das Mädchen", D 531 "An die Musik", D 547 "Die Forelle", D 550 "Prometheus", D 674 "Willkommen und Abschied", D 767 "Der Zwerg", D 771 "Auf dem Wasser zu singen", D 774 "Du bist die Ruh', D 776 "Lachen und Weinen", D 777 "Nacht und Träume", D 827 "Ave Maria", D 839 "Im Frühling", D 882 "Ständchen", D 889 "An Sylvia", D 891 "Der Doppelgänger", D 957 No. 13 "Der Hirt auf dem Felsen", D 965
Cycles	Schubert's song cycles, including: Die schöne Müllerin, D 795 Winterreise, D 911 Schwanengesang, D 957
Multiple	Mignon "Nur wer die Sehnsucht kennt" Romanze Sehnsucht Ständchen Trinklied "Wandrers Nachtlied"
List of compositions by Franz Schubert List of compositions by Franz Schubert by genre Schubert opus/Deutsch number concordance