Jump to content

Solukhumbu District: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 27°30′N 86°35′E / 27.500°N 86.583°E / 27.500; 86.583
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m →‎top: links
 
(27 intermediate revisions by 20 users not shown)
Line 8: Line 8:
| native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| motto =
| motto =
| image_skyline = Solukhumbu, Nepal - panoramio (3).jpg
| image_skyline = Everest, Nuptse, Khumbu Glacier, Nepal, Himalayas.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = High mountains in Solukhumbu.
| image_caption = View of [[Mount Everest]] from [[Kala Patthar]]
| image_map = Solukhumbu district locator map.png
| image_map = Solukhumbu district locator map.png
| map_alt =
| map_alt =
Line 23: Line 23:
| subdivision_name = {{NPL}}
| subdivision_name = {{NPL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Nepal|Province]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Nepal|Province]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Province No. 1]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Koshi Province]]


| parts_type = [[Local self-government in Nepal|Municipality]]
| parts_type = [[Local self-government in Nepal|Municipality]]
Line 52: Line 52:
| leader_title3 = [[Provincial Assembly (Nepal)|Provincial constituencies]]
| leader_title3 = [[Provincial Assembly (Nepal)|Provincial constituencies]]
| leader_name3 = 2
| leader_name3 = 2

| leader_title4 = Chief District Officer
| leader_name4 = Anil Khanal

| government_footnotes =
| government_footnotes =
| government_type = [[District Coordination Committee|Coordination committee]]
| government_type = [[District Coordination Committee|Coordination committee]]
Line 63: Line 67:
| elevation_min_m = 600
| elevation_min_m = 600
| elevation_max_m = 8848
| elevation_max_m = 8848
| population_footnotes = <ref name="statoid" />
| population_footnotes = <ref name="citypop"/>
| population_total = 105,886
| population_total = 104,768
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_as_of = 2021
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_note =
| population_note =
| population_rank =
| population_rank =
| population_blank1_title = Households
| population_blank1_title = Households
| population_blank1 = 23,758<ref name=solu>https://nepalmap.org/profiles/district-11-solukhumbu/</ref>
| population_blank1 = 23,758<ref name=solu>{{Cite web|url=https://nepalmap.org/profiles/district-11-solukhumbu/|title = NepalMap profile: Bhojpur}}</ref>


| demographics_type1 = [[Demographics]]
| demographics_type1 = [[Demographics]]
| demographics1_title1 = Ethnic groups
| demographics1_title1 = Ethnic groups
| demographics1_info1 = {{hlist|[[Rai people|Rai]]|[[Sherpa people|Sherpa]]|[[Chhetri]]|[[Tamang people|Tamang]]|[[Kulung people|Kulung]]|[[Kami (caste)|Kami]]|[[Magars|Magar]]|[[Bahun]]|Nachhiring|[[Newar people|Newar]]|[[Damai]]|Thulung}}
| demographics1_info1 = {{hlist|[[Rai people|Rai]]|[[Sherpa people|Sherpa]]|[[Chhetri]]|[[Tamang people|Tamang]]|[[Kulung people|Kulung Rai]]|[[Kami (caste)|Kami]]|[[Magars|Magar]]|[[Bahun]]|[[Rai people|Nachhiring Rai]]|[[Newar people|Newar]]|[[Damai]]| [[Rai people|Thulung Rai]]}}
| demographics1_title2 = Female [[♀]]
| demographics1_title2 = Female [[♀]]
| demographics1_info2 = 52%<ref name=solu/>
| demographics1_info2 = 52%<ref name=solu/>
Line 104: Line 108:
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
}}
}}
'''Solukhumbu District '''({{lang-ne|[[:ne:सोलुखुम्बु जिल्ला|सोलुखुम्बु जिल्ला]]}} {{IPA-ne|solukʰumbu||Solukhumbu.ogg}}, [[Sherpa language|Sherpa]]: {{bo-textonly|ཤར་ཁུམ་བུ་རྫོང་།}}, [[Wylie transliteration|Wylie]]: shar khum bu dzong) is one of [[Districts of Province No. 1|14 districts]] of [[Province No. 1]] of eastern [[Nepal]]. As the name suggests, it consists of the subregions [[Solu]] and [[Khumbu]].
'''Solukhumbu District '''({{lang-ne|[[:ne:सोलुखुम्बु जिल्ला|सोलुखुम्बु जिल्ला]]}} {{IPA-ne|solukʰumbu||Solukhumbu.ogg}}, [[Sherpa language|Sherpa]]: {{bo-textonly|ཤར་ཁུམ་བུ་རྫོང་།}}, [[Wylie transliteration|Wylie]]: shar khum bu dzong) is one of [[Districts of Province No. 1|14 districts]] of [[Koshi Province]] of eastern [[Nepal]]. As the name suggests, it consists of the sub-regions Solu and [[Khumbu]]. The closest post office to Solukhumbu with a postal code assigned to it is the Sindhuli D.P.O., which has the postal code 56000.


The district, with [[Solududhkunda Municipality|Salleri]] as its headquarters, covers an area of {{cvt|3,312|km2}} and had a population 107,686 in 2001 and 105,886 in 2011.<ref name="statoid">{{statoids|id=ynp|title=Districts of Nepal}}</ref>
The district, with [[Solududhkunda Municipality|Salleri]] as its headquarters, covers an area of {{cvt|3,312|km2}} and had a population 107,686 in [[2001 Nepal census|2001]] and 105,886 in [[2011 Nepal census|2011]].<ref name="statoid">{{statoids|id=ynp|title=Districts of Nepal}}</ref>


[[Mount Everest]] is in the northern part of this district, within [[Sagarmatha National Park]].
[[Mount Everest]] is in the northern part of this district, within [[Sagarmatha National Park]].


==History==
==History==
Historically, Solukhumbu was part of [[Kirata Kingdom]]s in early and medieval era. It was a part of Majh kirat Khambuwan (central province or region of [[Kirat Autonomous State|Kirat Kingdoms]]).<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YVWtaeE5WgoC&q=Majhkirat&pg=PA1 |title=A grammar of Dumi |isbn=9783110123517 |access-date=30 March 2020|last1=Driem |first1=George van |year=1993 }}</ref>
Historically, Solukhumbu was part of [[Kirata Kingdom]]s in early and medieval era. It was a part of Majh Kirat Khambuwan (central province or region of [[Kirat Autonomous State|Kirat Kingdoms]]).<ref name=":0">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YVWtaeE5WgoC&q=Majhkirat&pg=PA1 |title=A grammar of Dumi |isbn=9783110123517 |access-date=30 March 2020|last1=Driem |first1=George van |year=1993 }}</ref>


Before the [[unification of Nepal]] by king of [[Kingdom of Gorkha|Gorkha]], what is now Solukhumbu district was part of Chaudandi of Majh kirat (Khambuwan). In 1773 AD the King of Gorkha attacked and absorbed it into [[Nepal]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_7M9AwAAQBAJ&q=chaudandi+majhkirat+1773&pg=PT99 |title=Kirat history and culture |date= 15 April 2014|access-date=30 March 2020 |quote=The fort of Hatuwa Chaudandi of Majh kirat was occupied by the [[Gorkha]] force on the fourth day of Srawan in the year 1830 Bikram Sambat which corresponds to 1773 AD.|last1=Chemjong |first1=Imanshing }}</ref>
Before the [[unification of Nepal]] by king of [[Kingdom of Gorkha|Gorkha]], what is now Solukhumbu district was part of Chaudandi of Majh Kirat (Khambuwan). In 1773 AD the King of Gorkha attacked and absorbed it into [[Nepal]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_7M9AwAAQBAJ&q=chaudandi+majhkirat+1773&pg=PT99 |title=Kirat history and culture |date= 15 April 2014|access-date=30 March 2020 |quote=The fort of Hatuwa Chaudandi of Majh kirat was occupied by the [[Kingdom of Nepal|Gorkha]] force on the fourth day of Srawan in the year 1830 Bikram Sambat which corresponds to 1773 AD.|last1=Chemjong |first1=Imanshing }}</ref>


The Solukhumbu district was established in 1962<ref>{{cite web |url=https://asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/AGuidetoGovernmentinNepal.pdf |title=A Guide to Government in Nepal |access-date=30 March 2020 |quote=In 1961, the country was demarcated into 14 administrative zones with each zone headed by a zone commissioner, a royal appointee whose function, among others, was to assist the palace secretariat in suppressing political opposition. In the districts, now increased in number to 75 from 35, district panchayats were established by amalgamating the former village development blocks, and village and nagar (town) panchayats were also established.}}</ref> carving out the old '''East No. 3''' district. Before 1962 present Solukhumbu, [[Okhaldhunga District|Okhaldhunga]] and some parts of [[Khotang District|Khotang]] previously were one district "East No. 3".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dccokhaldhunga.gov.np/en/brief-introduction/ |title=Brief introduction of Okhaldhunga |publisher=DCC Okhaldhunga |access-date=30 March 2020 |quote=Okhaldhunga along with Khotang and Solukhumbu were combined to form East No.3 area among the 32 districts of administrative division of Prime Minister Bhimsen Thapa recently after the unification campaign of His Majesty the King Prithvi Narayan Shah. At that time the headquarter of East No.3 area was Okhaldhunga as of today.}}</ref> Solu and Rawa thums (counties) were carved out from East No. 3 to create Solukhumbu District.
The Solukhumbu district was established in 1962,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/AGuidetoGovernmentinNepal.pdf |title=A Guide to Government in Nepal |access-date=30 March 2020 |quote=In 1961, the country was demarcated into 14 administrative zones with each zone headed by a zone commissioner, a royal appointee whose function, among others, was to assist the palace secretariat in suppressing political opposition. In the districts, now increased in number to 75 from 35, district panchayats were established by amalgamating the former village development blocks, and village and nagar (town) panchayats were also established.}}</ref> out of the old '''East No. 3''' district. Before 1962, present-day Solukhumbu, [[Okhaldhunga District|Okhaldhunga]] and some parts of [[Khotang District|Khotang]] previously constitute district "East No. 3".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dccokhaldhunga.gov.np/en/brief-introduction/ |title=Brief introduction of Okhaldhunga |publisher=DCC Okhaldhunga |access-date=30 March 2020 |quote=Okhaldhunga along with Khotang and Solukhumbu were combined to form East No.3 area among the 32 districts of administrative division of Prime Minister Bhimsen Thapa recently after the unification campaign of His Majesty the King Prithvi Narayan Shah. At that time the headquarter of East No.3 area was Okhaldhunga as of today.}}</ref> Solu and Rawa thums (counties) were carved out of East No. 3 to create Solukhumbu District.
<gallery>
<gallery>
East No. 3.png|East No. 3, a district of Nepal before 1962.
East No. 3.png|East No. 3, a district of Nepal before 1962.
Line 121: Line 125:
</gallery>
</gallery>


==Geography and climate==
==Geography==
Solukhumbu is a Himalayan district of Province No. 1 of Nepal, situated on the north-west corner of the province. It is one of three Himalayan districts of Province No. 1. The total area of the district is {{convert|3312|km2|mi2}}. It is situated between Lat. 27°20'39" to 28°6'24" North and Long. 86°0'21" to 87°0'1" East. The highest elevation of the district is {{convert|8848|m|ft}} ([[Mount Everest]]) and the lowest elevation is {{convert|600|m|ft}} (Tuintar) above sea level. The district is surrounded by [[Sankhuwasabha District|Sankhuwasabha]] in east, [[Bhojpur District, Nepal|Bhojpur]] in south-east, [[Khotang District|Khotang]] and [[Okhaldhunga District|Okhaldhunga]] in south, [[Bagmati Province]] in west and [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]] (China) in north.
Solukhumbu is one of three Himalayan districts within Province No. 1, positioned on the west-by-northwestern corner of the province. It spans a total area of {{convert|3312|km2|mi2}}. It is geographically situated between latitudes 27°20'39" and 28°6'24" North, and longitudes 86°0'21" and 87°0'1" East. Its north border includes the world's highest peak {{convert|8848|m|ft}} ([[Mount Everest]]); and the district's lowest point is at {{convert|600|m|ft}} (Tuintar) above sea level. The district is bordered by [[Sankhuwasabha District|Sankhuwasabha]] in the east, [[Bhojpur District, Nepal|Bhojpur]] in the south-east, [[Khotang District|Khotang]] and [[Okhaldhunga District|Okhaldhunga]] in the south, [[Bagmati Province]] in the west and [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]] (China) in the north.<ref name=":0" />


The extremely diverse geography of Solukhumbu district can be categorized in three levels:
The diverse geography of Solukhumbu district is marked by three distinct levels:


===Khumbu Himal (Highland mountains)===
===Khumbu Himal (Highland mountains)===
[[Mahalangur Himal|Mahalangur]] and other Himalayan [[mountain range]]s are located in this section. This section is located on the northern border with [[Tibet]]. [[Mount Everest]] (8,848m), [[Lhotse]] (8,516m), [[Makalu]] (8,485m), [[Cho Oyu]] (8,201m), [[Gyachung Kang]] (7,952m) etc. are some of the world's highest mountains in this range.
This region is home to the [[Mahalangur Himal]] and other Himalayan mountain ranges. Situated on the northern border with [[Tibet]], it hosts some of the world's highest peaks, including [[Mount Everest]] (8,848m), [[Lhotse]] (8,516m), [[Makalu]] (8,485m), [[Cho Oyu]] (8,201m), [[Gyachung Kang]] (7,952m), among others.


===Khumbu region (Highland valley)===
===Khumbu region (Highland valley)===
[[Khumbu|Khumbu valley]] is the highland region which is famous worldwide for trekking and hiking. [[Kulung people (Nepal)|Kulung]] and [[Sherpa people|Sherpa]] are the main inhabitants in this region. [[Khumbu Pasanglhamu]] is the administrative division in this region. It includes the town of [[Namche Bazaar]] as well as the villages of [[Thame, Nepal|Thame]], [[Khumjung]], [[Pangboche]], [[Pheriche]] and [[Kunde, Nepal|Kunde]]. The famous [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] [[monastery]] at [[Tengboche]] is also located in the Khumbu.<ref>Bonington, Chris; Everest, The Hard Way; (1977); pp 72-75; Arrow Books editions; {{ISBN|0-09-915940-6}}.</ref>
Known globally for its trekking and hiking opportunities, the highland [[Khumbu|Khumbu valley]] is predominantly inhabited by the [[Kulung people|Kulung]] and [[Sherpa people|Sherpa]] communities. The administrative division of [[Khumbu Pasanglhamu]] is located in this region, encompassing the roadless town of [[Namche Bazaar]] and villages such as [[Thame, Nepal|Thame]], [[Khumjung]], [[Pangboche]], [[Pheriche]] and [[Kunde, Nepal|Kunde]]. The renowned [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] [[monastery]] at [[Tengboche]] also falls within the Khumbu region.<ref>Bonington, Chris; Everest, The Hard Way; (1977); pp 72-75; Arrow Books editions; {{ISBN|0-09-915940-6}}.</ref>


===Solu region (Mid-hills)===
===Solu region (Mid-hills)===
Lower Solukhumbu (lower parts of Solukhumbu District) is part of the Mid-hills region. It is less famous for trekking, however new trails such as the Mundhum trail are being developed. Sherpas along with Rai's are the main inhabitants in this region.
Lower Solukhumbu (lower parts of Solukhumbu District) is part of the Mid-hills region. It is less famous for trekking, however new trails such as the Mundhum trail are being developed. Rais are the main inhabitants in this region.

== Climate ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
Line 320: Line 326:
===Former divisions (1990–2016)===
===Former divisions (1990–2016)===
Formerly, Solukhumbu district was divided into many [[Village development committee (Nepal)|Village development committee]]s. In 2014 [[Dudhkunda]] municipality was established merging some Village development committees. In 2016 all other Village development committee nullified and introduced [[Gaunpalika|rural municipality]] thus all former Village development committees grouped into 7 units and announced 7 rural municipality.
Formerly, Solukhumbu district was divided into many [[Village development committee (Nepal)|Village development committee]]s. In 2014 [[Dudhkunda]] municipality was established merging some Village development committees. In 2016 all other Village development committee nullified and introduced [[Gaunpalika|rural municipality]] thus all former Village development committees grouped into 7 units and announced 7 rural municipality.
[[File:NepalSolukhumbuDistrictmap.png|thumb|200px|Map of the VDCs in Solukhumbu District]]
[[File:NepalSolukhumbuDistrictmap.png|thumb|200px|Map of the VDCs in Solukhumbu District|left]]
There were 35 Village Development Committees in Solukhumbu District:<ref name="digitalhimalaya">{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalhimalaya.com/collections/nepalcensus/form.php?selection=68|publisher=digitalhimalaya.com|title=Digital Himalaya: Nepal Census 2001|access-date=Jun 11, 2017}}</ref>
There were 35 Village Development Committees in Solukhumbu District:<ref name="digitalhimalaya">{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalhimalaya.com/collections/nepalcensus/form.php?selection=68|publisher=digitalhimalaya.com|title=Digital Himalaya: Nepal Census 2001|access-date=Jun 11, 2017}}</ref>
{{col-begin|width=auto}}
{{div col|colwidth=8em}}
*[[Bapha]]
{{col-break}}
*[[Baku, Nepal|Baku]]
{{ordered list|start=1
*[[Basa, Nepal|Basa]]
|[[Bapha]]
|[[Baku, Nepal|Baku]]
*[[Beni, Sagarmatha|Beni]]
*[[Bhakanje]]
|[[Basa, Nepal|Basa]]
|[[Beni, Sagarmatha|Beni]]
*[[Bung, Nepal|Bung]]
|[[Bhakanje]]
*[[Chaulakharka]]
*[[Chaurikharka]]
|[[Bung, Nepal|Bung]]
|[[Chaulakharka]]
*[[Chheskam]]
|[[Chaurikharka]]
*[[Deusa]]
*[[Garma, Nepal|Garma]]
|[[Chheskam]]}}
*[[Goli, Solukhumbu|Goli]]
{{col-break}}
*[[Gorakhani]]
{{ordered list|start=10
|[[Deusa]]
*[[Gudel]]
*[[Jubing]]
|[[Garma, Nepal|Garma]]
|[[Goli, Solukhumbu|Goli]]
*[[Jubu, Nepal|Jubu]]
*[[Kaku, Nepal|Kaku]]
|[[Gorakhani]]
|[[Gudel]]
*[[Kangel]]
|[[Jubing]]
*[[Kerung]]
*[[Khumjung]]
|[[Jubu, Nepal|Jubu]]
|[[Kaku, Nepal|Kaku]]
*[[Loding Tamakhani]]
|[[Kangel]]}}
*[[Lokhim]]
*[[Mabe, Nepal|Mabe]]
{{col-break}}
*[[Mukali]]
{{ordered list|start=19
|[[Kerung]]
*[[Namche]]
|[[Khumjung]]
*[[Necha Batase]]
|[[Loding Tamakhani]]
*[[Necha Bedghari]]
|[[Lokhim]]
*[[Nele]]
|[[Mabe, Nepal|Mabe]]
*[[Panchan, Nepal|Panchan]]
*[[Salleri, Solukhumbu|Salleri]]
|[[Mukali]]
*[[Salyan, Solukhumbu|Salyan]]
|[[Namche]]
|[[Necha Batase]]
*[[Sotang]]
*[[Takasindu]]
|[[Necha Bedghari]]}}
*[[Tapting]]
{{col-break}}
*[[Tingla]]
{{ordered list|start=28
{{div col end}}
|[[Nele]]
|[[Panchan, Nepal|Panchan]]
|[[Salleri, Solukhumbu|Salleri]]
|[[Salyan, Solukhumbu|Salyan]]
|[[Sotang]]
|[[Takasindu]]
|[[Tapting]]
|[[Tingla]]}}
{{col-end}}


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption =Ethnic castes in Solukhumbu
| other = yes
| label1 =[[Rai people|Rai]]
| value1 = 19.6
| label2 =[[Sherpa people|Sherpa]]
| value2 = 16.7
| label3 =[[Chhetri]]
| value3 = 15.1
| label4 =[[Tamang people|Tamang]]
| value4 = 9.9
| label5 =[[Kulung people (Nepal)|Kulung]]
| value5 = 8.9
|label12=Thulung|value12=1.0|label10=[[Newar people|Newar]]|color11=maroon|color10=lavender|label11=Damai|value11=1.9|label7=[[Magar people|Magar]]|value10=2.4|label9=Nachhiring|value9=3.5|value8=4.6|label8=[[Bahun]]|value7=4.9|value6=5.6|label6=[[Kami (caste)|Kami]]|color12=gold}}
Total population of Solukhumbu district according to the ([[2011 Nepal census]]) is 105,886 individuals living in 23,758 households, in which 54686 (51.7%) are female.<ref name=solu/>

19.6% of the population was [[Rai people|Rai]], 16.7% [[Sherpa people|Sherpa]], 15.1% [[Chhetri]], 9.9% [[Tamang people|Tamang]], 8.9% [[Kulung people|Kulung]], 5.6% [[Kami (caste)|Kami]], 4.9% [[Magars|Magar]], 4.6% [[Bahun]], 3.5% Nachhiring, 2.4% [[Newar people|Newar]], 1.9% [[Damai]] and 1% Thulung.<ref name="solu" />

36.8% of the population speak [[Nepali language|Nepali]], 16.8% [[Sherpa language|Sherpa]], 9.3% [[Tamang language|Tamang]], 9.2% [[Kulung language (Nepal)|Kulung]], 8.7% [[Thulung language|Thulung]], 8.5% [[Khaling language|Khaling]], 3.8% [[Nachhiring language|Nachhiring]], 2.4% [[Bahing language|Bahing]] and 1.5% [[Magar language|Magar]] as their first language.

56.0% of the population in the district speak [[Nepali language|Nepali]] and 1.8% [[Sherpa language|Sherpa]] as their [[second language]].<ref>[https://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/upLoads/2018/12/Volume05Part02.pdf 2011 Nepal Census, Social Characteristics Tables]</ref> {{bar box|title=Religion in Solukhambu district (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=C-1 Population By Religious Community |url=https://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/upLoads/2019/03/solu-profile-pdf.pdf}}</ref>|titlebar=#Fcd116|float=right|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Nepal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|40.20}}
{{bar percent|[[Kiratism]]|red|30.16}} {{bar percent|[[Buddhism in Nepal |Buddhism]]|yellow|27.15}}
{{bar percent|Others|black|2.33}}}}{{Historical populations
|align=left
|align=left
|percentages=pagr
|percentages=pagr
Line 400: Line 375:
|2011 |105,886
|2011 |105,886
|2021 |104,768
|2021 |104,768
|footnote= Sources:<ref>{{cite web |title=Nepal: Provinces and Districts |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/en/nepal/admin/ |website=www.citypopulation.de|language=en}}</ref>}}
|footnote= Sources:<ref name="citypop">{{cite web |title=Nepal: Provinces and Districts |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/en/nepal/admin/ |website=www.citypopulation.de|language=en}}</ref>}}
At the time of the [[2011 Nepal census]], Solukhumbu District had a population of 105,886.


{{Pie chart
===Notable people===
|caption=language in Solukhumbu District
|label1=Nepali|value1=37|color1=orange
|label2=Sherpa|value2=17|color2=grey
|label3=Tamang|value3=9|color3=red
|label4=Kulung|value4=9|color4=skyblue
|label5=Thulung|value5=9|color5=violet
|label6=Khaling|value6=9|color6=blue
|label7=Others|value7=19|color7=black
}}
As their first language, 36.7% spoke [[Nepali language|Nepali]], 16.7% [[Sherpa language|Sherpa]], 9.4% [[Tamang language|Tamang]], 9.2% [[Kulung language (Nepal)|Kulung]], 8.8% [[Thulung language|Thulung]], 8.5% [[Khaling language|Khaling]], 3.8% [[Nachhiring language|Nachhiring]], 2.4% [[Bahing language|Bahing]], 1.5% [[Magars|Magar]], 0.7% [[Maithili language|Maithili]], 0.6% [[Newar language|Newar]], 0.4% [[Kiranti languages|Rai]], 0.2% [[Sunwar language|Sunuwar]], 0.1% [[Bhujel language|Bhujel]], 0.1% [[Gurung language|Gurung]], 0.1% [[Tharu languages|Tharu]], 0.1% [[Lhasa Tibetan|Tibetan]] and 0.4% other languages.<ref>[https://nepalmap.org/data/table/?table=LANGUAGE&primary_geo_id=district-68&geo_ids=district-68,province-1,country-NP NepalMap Language]</ref>

{{Pie chart
| thumb = left
| caption = Castes/ethnic groups in Solukhumbu district (2011)<ref name="solu" />
|label1 = [[Rai people|Rai]] |value1 = 19.61 |color1 = turquoise
|label2 = [[Sherpa people|Sherpa]] |value2 = 16.71 |color2 = darkblue
|label3 = [[Chhetri]] |value3 = 15.06 |color3 = red
|label4 = [[Tamang people|Tamang]] |value4 = 9.90 |color4 = dodgerblue
|label5 = [[Kulung people (Nepal)|Kulung Rai]] |value5 = 8.90 |color5 = lightcyan
|label6 = [[Kami (caste)|Kami]] |value6 = 5.59 |color6 = black
|label7 = [[Magar people|Magar]] |value7 = 4.91 |color7 = darkgreen
|label8 = [[Bahun]] |value8 = 4.62 |color8 = orange
|label9 = [[Rai people|Nachhiring Rai]] |value9 = 3.49 |color9 = aquamarine
|label10 = [[Newar people|Newar]] |value10 = 2.45 |color10 = pink
|label11 = [[Bhujel]] |value11 = 1.86 |color11 = maroon
|label12 = [[Damai]] |value12 = 1.50 |color12 = lavender
|label13 = [[Rai people|Thulung Rai]] |value13 = 1.02 |color13 = cadetblue
|label14 = Other Janajati |value14 = 1.70 |color14 = teal
|label15 = Other Khas |value15 = 1.27 |color15 = indianred
|label16 = Other |value16 = 1.41 |color16 = grey
}}
Ethnicity/caste: 19.7% were [[Rai people|Rai]], 16.6% [[Sherpa people|Sherpa]], 15.0% [[Chhetri]], 9.9% [[Tamang people|Tamang]], 8.9% [[Kulung people|Kulung]], 5.6% [[Kami (caste)|Kami]], 4.9% [[Magars|Magar]], 4.6% [[Bahun|Hill Brahmin]], 3.5% Nachhiring, 2.4% [[Newar people|Newar]], 1.9% Gharti/[[Bhujel]], 1.5% [[Damai]]/Dholi, 1.0% Thulung, 0.7% [[Gurung people|Gurung]], 0.7% Sanyasi/Dasnami, 0.5% [[Sarki (ethnic group)|Sarki]], 0.3% Kalar, 0.3% Khaling, 0.3% [[Sunuwar people|Sunuwar]], 0.1% [[Badi people|Badi]], 0.1% [[Bahing]], 0.1% [[Hajjam|Hajam]]/Thakur, 0.1% [[Koeri|Koiri]]/[[Kushwaha]], 0.1% Majhi, 0.1% [[Tharu people|Tharu]] and 0.5% others.<ref>[https://nepalmap.org/data/table/?table=CASTE&primary_geo_id=district-68&geo_ids=district-68,province-1,country-NP NepalMap Caste]</ref>

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Solukhumbu district (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=C-1 Population By Religious Community |url=https://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/upLoads/2019/03/solu-profile-pdf.pdf}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Nepal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|40.20}}
{{bar percent|[[Kirat Mundhum]]|red|30.16}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism in Nepal|Buddhism]]|yellow|27.15}}
{{bar percent|Others|black|2.33}}}}
Religion: 40.2% were [[Hinduism in Nepal|Hindu]], 30.2% [[Kirat Mundhum|Kirati]], 27.2% [[Buddhism in Nepal|Buddhist]], 2.2% [[Christianity in Nepal|Christian]], 0.1% [[Animism|Prakriti]] and 0.2% others.<ref>[https://nepalmap.org/data/table/?table=RELIGION&primary_geo_id=district-68&geo_ids=district-68,province-1,country-NP NepalMap Religion]</ref>

Literacy: 64.0% could read and write, 3.2% could only read and 32.8% could neither read nor write.<ref>[https://nepalmap.org/data/table/?table=LITERACY_SEX&primary_geo_id=district-68&geo_ids=district-68,province-1,country-NP NepalMap Literacy]</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Tenzing Norgay]]- First ascent of Mount Everest
*[[Tenzing Norgay]]- First ascent of Mount Everest
* [[Pasang Lhamu Sherpa]] - First Nepalese female ascent
* [[Pasang Lhamu Sherpa]] - First Nepalese female ascent
Line 409: Line 432:
*[[Apa Sherpa]] - 21 times ascent Mount Everest
*[[Apa Sherpa]] - 21 times ascent Mount Everest
* [[Nawang Sherpa]] - First person to climb Mount Everest with a prosthetic leg
* [[Nawang Sherpa]] - First person to climb Mount Everest with a prosthetic leg
* [[Kami Rita Sherpa]] - A 28th times Everest summiter on 23 May 2023, breaking his own record set on 17 May 2023.


==See also==
==See also==
Line 429: Line 453:
{{Solukhumbu District}}
{{Solukhumbu District}}
{{Districts of Nepal}}
{{Districts of Nepal}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|27|30|N|86|35|E|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:enwiki|display=title}}
{{Coord|27|30|N|86|35|E|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:enwiki|display=title}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Solukhumbu District| ]]
[[Category:Solukhumbu District| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Nepal established in 1962]]
[[Category:Districts of Nepal established in 1962]]
[[Category:Districts of Province No. 1]]
[[Category:Districts of Koshi Province]]
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist places]]
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist places]]

Latest revision as of 02:18, 7 May 2024

Solukhumbu District
सोलुखुम्बु जिल्ला
District
View of Mount Everest from Kala Patthar
View of Mount Everest from Kala Patthar
Nickname: 
Khumbu
Location of Solukhumbu
Location of Solukhumbu
Divisions of Solukhumbu District
Divisions of Solukhumbu District
Coordinates: 27°20′39″N 86°0′21″E / 27.34417°N 86.00583°E / 27.34417; 86.00583 to 28°6′24″N 87°0′1″E / 28.10667°N 87.00028°E / 28.10667; 87.00028
Country Nepal
ProvinceKoshi Province
Established1962
Admin HQ.Salleri
Municipality
List
Government
 • TypeCoordination committee
 • BodyDCC, Solukhumbu
 • HeadBir Kumar Rai (NCP)
 • Parliamentary constituencies1
 • Provincial constituencies2
 • Chief District OfficerAnil Khanal
Area
 • Total3,312 km2 (1,279 sq mi)
Highest elevation
8,848 m (29,029 ft)
Lowest elevation
600 m (2,000 ft)
Population
 (2021)[2]
 • Total104,768
 • Density32/km2 (82/sq mi)
 • Households
23,758[1]
Demographics
 • Ethnic groups
 • Female ♀52%[1]
Human Development Index
 • Income per capita (US dollars)$1,841 per capita
 • Poverty rate25.7
 • Literacy64%[1]
 • Life Expectancy68.8[1]
Time zoneUTC+05:45 (NPT)
Postal Codes
56000..., 56010
Telephone Code38
Websiteddcsolukhumbu.gov.np

Solukhumbu District (Nepali: सोलुखुम्बु जिल्ला [solukʰumbu] ⓘ, Sherpa: ཤར་ཁུམ་བུ་རྫོང་།, Wylie: shar khum bu dzong) is one of 14 districts of Koshi Province of eastern Nepal. As the name suggests, it consists of the sub-regions Solu and Khumbu. The closest post office to Solukhumbu with a postal code assigned to it is the Sindhuli D.P.O., which has the postal code 56000.

The district, with Salleri as its headquarters, covers an area of 3,312 km2 (1,279 sq mi) and had a population 107,686 in 2001 and 105,886 in 2011.[3]

Mount Everest is in the northern part of this district, within Sagarmatha National Park.

History

[edit]

Historically, Solukhumbu was part of Kirata Kingdoms in early and medieval era. It was a part of Majh Kirat Khambuwan (central province or region of Kirat Kingdoms).[4]

Before the unification of Nepal by king of Gorkha, what is now Solukhumbu district was part of Chaudandi of Majh Kirat (Khambuwan). In 1773 AD the King of Gorkha attacked and absorbed it into Nepal.[5]

The Solukhumbu district was established in 1962,[6] out of the old East No. 3 district. Before 1962, present-day Solukhumbu, Okhaldhunga and some parts of Khotang previously constitute district "East No. 3".[7] Solu and Rawa thums (counties) were carved out of East No. 3 to create Solukhumbu District.

  • East No. 3, a district of Nepal before 1962.
    East No. 3, a district of Nepal before 1962.
  • VDCs of Solukhumbu before 2015.
    VDCs of Solukhumbu before 2015.

Geography

[edit]

Solukhumbu is one of three Himalayan districts within Province No. 1, positioned on the west-by-northwestern corner of the province. It spans a total area of 3,312 square kilometres (1,279 sq mi). It is geographically situated between latitudes 27°20'39" and 28°6'24" North, and longitudes 86°0'21" and 87°0'1" East. Its north border includes the world's highest peak 8,848 metres (29,029 ft) (Mount Everest); and the district's lowest point is at 600 metres (2,000 ft) (Tuintar) above sea level. The district is bordered by Sankhuwasabha in the east, Bhojpur in the south-east, Khotang and Okhaldhunga in the south, Bagmati Province in the west and Tibet (China) in the north.[4]

The diverse geography of Solukhumbu district is marked by three distinct levels:

Khumbu Himal (Highland mountains)

[edit]

This region is home to the Mahalangur Himal and other Himalayan mountain ranges. Situated on the northern border with Tibet, it hosts some of the world's highest peaks, including Mount Everest (8,848m), Lhotse (8,516m), Makalu (8,485m), Cho Oyu (8,201m), Gyachung Kang (7,952m), among others.

Khumbu region (Highland valley)

[edit]

Known globally for its trekking and hiking opportunities, the highland Khumbu valley is predominantly inhabited by the Kulung and Sherpa communities. The administrative division of Khumbu Pasanglhamu is located in this region, encompassing the roadless town of Namche Bazaar and villages such as Thame, Khumjung, Pangboche, Pheriche and Kunde. The renowned Buddhist monastery at Tengboche also falls within the Khumbu region.[8]

Solu region (Mid-hills)

[edit]

Lower Solukhumbu (lower parts of Solukhumbu District) is part of the Mid-hills region. It is less famous for trekking, however new trails such as the Mundhum trail are being developed. Rais are the main inhabitants in this region.

Climate

[edit]
Climate Zone[9] Elevation Range % of Area
Upper Tropical 300 to 1,000 meters
1,000 to 3,300 ft. 		 0.7%
Subtropical 1,000 to 2,000 meters
3,300 to 6,600 ft. 		 9.3%
Temperate 2,000 to 3,000 meters
6,400 to 9,800 ft. 		20.6%
Subalpine 3,000 to 4,000 meters
9,800 to 13,100 ft. 		16.6%
Alpine 4,000 to 5,000 meters
13,100 to 16,400 ft. 		28.3%
Nival above 5,000 meters 24.4%
Climate data for Salleri
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 23.1
(73.6) 		25.8
(78.4) 		31.0
(87.8) 		35.1
(95.2) 		35.0
(95.0) 		34.9
(94.8) 		32.5
(90.5) 		32.8
(91.0) 		32.5
(90.5) 		31.6
(88.9) 		29.0
(84.2) 		24.8
(76.6) 		30.7
(87.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 9.2
(48.6) 		11.0
(51.8) 		15.1
(59.2) 		19.4
(66.9) 		21.2
(70.2) 		22.9
(73.2) 		23.8
(74.8) 		24.2
(75.6) 		23.8
(74.8) 		21.2
(70.2) 		15.8
(60.4) 		10.6
(51.1) 		18.2
(64.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 1
(0.0) 		1
(0.0) 		1
(0.0) 		2
(0.1) 		4
(0.2) 		7
(0.3) 		16
(0.6) 		12
(0.5) 		10
(0.4) 		3
(0.1) 		0
(0) 		1
(0.0) 		58
(2.2)
Source: www.yr.no[10]
Climate data for Syangboche
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 3.8
(38.8) 		4.3
(39.7) 		8
(46) 		11.7
(53.1) 		13.3
(55.9) 		14.4
(57.9) 		14.2
(57.6) 		14.2
(57.6) 		13.1
(55.6) 		11.6
(52.9) 		7.9
(46.2) 		5.7
(42.3) 		10.2
(50.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −8.9
(16.0) 		−8
(18) 		−4.7
(23.5) 		−2.4
(27.7) 		0.2
(32.4) 		4.1
(39.4) 		5.3
(41.5) 		4.7
(40.5) 		3.4
(38.1) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		−5.5
(22.1) 		−7.1
(19.2) 		−1.6
(29.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 13
(0.5) 		17
(0.7) 		25
(1.0) 		28
(1.1) 		38
(1.5) 		131
(5.2) 		221
(8.7) 		206
(8.1) 		128
(5.0) 		54
(2.1) 		5
(0.2) 		6
(0.2) 		872
(34.3)
Source: www.climate-data.org[11]

Administrative divisions

[edit]

Solukhumbu is divided into 8 local level units, 1 unit is urban and 7 are rural. They are further divided into wards. Solukhumbu is single-seat constituency for parliamentary constituency and double seat for provincial constituency. Solukhumbu district coordination committee coordinates between local and provincial governments. Solukhumbu district administration office co-operates with Solukhumbu DCC to maintain peace, order and security in the district. The officer of District Administration office called CDO.

Local units Nepali Type Population (2011) Area KM2 Website
Solududhkunda सोलुदूधकुण्ड urban 20,399 538.09 solududhkundamun.gov.np
Dudhakaushika दूधकौशिका rural 19,672 144.6 dudhkaushikamun.gov.np
Necha Salyan नेचा सल्यान rural 16,129 94.49 nechasalyanmun.gov.np
Dudhkoshi दुधकोसी rural 13,414 167.67 dudhkoshimun.gov.np
Maha Kulung महाकुलूङ्ग rural 11,452 648.05 mahakulungmun.gov.np
Sotang सोतांग rural 9,530 103 sotangmun.gov.np
Likhu Pike लिखु पीके rural 5,534 124.38 likhupikemun.gov.np
Khumbu Pasanglhamu खुम्बु पासाङल्हामु rural 8,989 1539.11 khumbupasanglhamumun.gov.np

[12]

Constituency Type MP/MLA Party
Solukhumbu 1 Parliamentary Hem Kumar Rai Nepal Communist Party
Solukhumbu 1(A) Provincial Uttam Kumar Basnet Nepal Communist Party
Solukhumbu 1(B) Provincial Buddhi Kumar Rajbhandari Nepal Communist Party

Former divisions (1990–2016)

[edit]

Formerly, Solukhumbu district was divided into many Village development committees. In 2014 Dudhkunda municipality was established merging some Village development committees. In 2016 all other Village development committee nullified and introduced rural municipality thus all former Village development committees grouped into 7 units and announced 7 rural municipality.

Map of the VDCs in Solukhumbu District

There were 35 Village Development Committees in Solukhumbu District:[13]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1981 88,245—    
1991 97,200+0.97%
2001 107,686+1.03%
2011 105,886−0.17%
2021 104,768−0.11%
Sources:[2]

At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, Solukhumbu District had a population of 105,886.

language in Solukhumbu District

  Nepali (37%)
  Sherpa (17%)
  Tamang (9%)
  Kulung (9%)
  Thulung (9%)
  Khaling (9%)
  Others (19%)

As their first language, 36.7% spoke Nepali, 16.7% Sherpa, 9.4% Tamang, 9.2% Kulung, 8.8% Thulung, 8.5% Khaling, 3.8% Nachhiring, 2.4% Bahing, 1.5% Magar, 0.7% Maithili, 0.6% Newar, 0.4% Rai, 0.2% Sunuwar, 0.1% Bhujel, 0.1% Gurung, 0.1% Tharu, 0.1% Tibetan and 0.4% other languages.[14]

Castes/ethnic groups in Solukhumbu district (2011)[1]

  Rai (19.61%)
  Sherpa (16.71%)
  Chhetri (15.06%)
  Tamang (9.90%)
  Kulung Rai (8.90%)
  Kami (5.59%)
  Magar (4.91%)
  Bahun (4.62%)
  Nachhiring Rai (3.49%)
  Newar (2.45%)
  Bhujel (1.86%)
  Damai (1.50%)
  Thulung Rai (1.02%)
  Other Janajati (1.70%)
  Other Khas (1.27%)
  Other (1.41%)

Ethnicity/caste: 19.7% were Rai, 16.6% Sherpa, 15.0% Chhetri, 9.9% Tamang, 8.9% Kulung, 5.6% Kami, 4.9% Magar, 4.6% Hill Brahmin, 3.5% Nachhiring, 2.4% Newar, 1.9% Gharti/Bhujel, 1.5% Damai/Dholi, 1.0% Thulung, 0.7% Gurung, 0.7% Sanyasi/Dasnami, 0.5% Sarki, 0.3% Kalar, 0.3% Khaling, 0.3% Sunuwar, 0.1% Badi, 0.1% Bahing, 0.1% Hajam/Thakur, 0.1% Koiri/Kushwaha, 0.1% Majhi, 0.1% Tharu and 0.5% others.[15]

Religion in Solukhumbu district (2011)[16]
Hinduism
 
 40.20%
Kirat Mundhum
 
 30.16%
Buddhism
 
 27.15%
Others
 
 2.33%

Religion: 40.2% were Hindu, 30.2% Kirati, 27.2% Buddhist, 2.2% Christian, 0.1% Prakriti and 0.2% others.[17]

Literacy: 64.0% could read and write, 3.2% could only read and 32.8% could neither read nor write.[18]

Notable people

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e "NepalMap profile: Bhojpur".
  2. ^ a b "Nepal: Provinces and Districts". www.citypopulation.de.
  3. ^ "Districts of Nepal". Statoids.
  4. ^ a b Driem, George van (1993). A grammar of Dumi. ISBN 9783110123517. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
  5. ^ Chemjong, Imanshing (15 April 2014). Kirat history and culture. Retrieved 30 March 2020. The fort of Hatuwa Chaudandi of Majh kirat was occupied by the Gorkha force on the fourth day of Srawan in the year 1830 Bikram Sambat which corresponds to 1773 AD.
  6. ^ "A Guide to Government in Nepal" (PDF). Retrieved 30 March 2020. In 1961, the country was demarcated into 14 administrative zones with each zone headed by a zone commissioner, a royal appointee whose function, among others, was to assist the palace secretariat in suppressing political opposition. In the districts, now increased in number to 75 from 35, district panchayats were established by amalgamating the former village development blocks, and village and nagar (town) panchayats were also established.
  7. ^ "Brief introduction of Okhaldhunga". DCC Okhaldhunga. Retrieved 30 March 2020. Okhaldhunga along with Khotang and Solukhumbu were combined to form East No.3 area among the 32 districts of administrative division of Prime Minister Bhimsen Thapa recently after the unification campaign of His Majesty the King Prithvi Narayan Shah. At that time the headquarter of East No.3 area was Okhaldhunga as of today.
  8. ^ Bonington, Chris; Everest, The Hard Way; (1977); pp 72-75; Arrow Books editions; ISBN 0-09-915940-6.
  9. ^ The Map of Potential Vegetation of Nepal - a forestry/agroecological/biodiversity classification system (PDF), Forest & Landscape Development and Environment Series 2-2005 and CFC-TIS Document Series No.110., 2005, ISBN 87-7903-210-9, retrieved Nov 22, 2013
  10. ^ "Climatological Data for Selected Trekking Towns". www.yr.no. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
  11. ^ "Climatological Data for Selected Trekking Towns". www.en.climate-data.org. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
  12. ^ "हेर्नुस तपाई कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो ?". nepalipatra.com. Retrieved Jun 11, 2017.
  13. ^ "Digital Himalaya: Nepal Census 2001". digitalhimalaya.com. Retrieved Jun 11, 2017.
  14. ^ NepalMap Language
  15. ^ NepalMap Caste
  16. ^ "C-1 Population By Religious Community" (PDF).
  17. ^ NepalMap Religion
  18. ^ NepalMap Literacy
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Solukhumbu District.

27°30′N 86°35′E / 27.500°N 86.583°E / 27.500; 86.583

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solukhumbu_District&oldid=1222639219"