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Coordinates: 36°55′0″S 149°14′0″E / 36.91667°S 149.23333°E / -36.91667; 149.23333
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{{about|the town in New South Wales, Australia|the crater on Mars|Bombala (crater)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Australian English|date=August 2012}}
{{Use Australian English|date=August 2012}}
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| caption = Bombala, looking towards the town centre. The footbridge passes over the [[Bombala railway line]]. The right most building is the station building, the centre building the goods shed and above that is the bridge over the [[Bombala River]].
| caption = Bombala, looking towards the town centre. The footbridge passes over the [[Bombala railway line]]. The right most building is the station building, the centre building the goods shed and above that is the bridge over the [[Bombala River]].
| coordinates = {{coord|36|55|0|S|149|14|0|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|36|55|0|S|149|14|0|E|display=inline,title}}
| pop = 1,387
| pop = 1,892
| pop_year = {{CensusAU|2016}}
| pop_year = {{CensusAU|2021}}
| pop_footnotes = <ref name=Census>{{Census 2016 AUS|id=SSC10455|name=Bombala (State Suburb)|access-date=6 July 2017|quick=on}}</ref>
| pop_footnotes = <ref name=Census>{{Census 2021 AUS|id=POA2632|name=Bombala (State Suburb)|access-date=2 Aug 2023|quick=on}}</ref>
| postcode = 2632
| postcode = 2632
| elevation= 705
| elevation= 705
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=BombalaBOM1>{{cite web|title=Climate statistics for Australian locations - Bombala (Therry Street)|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_070005_All.shtml|publisher=Bureau of Meteorology|access-date=5 April 2013}}</ref>
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=BombalaBOM1>{{cite web|title=Climate statistics for Australian locations - Bombala (Therry Street)|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_070005_All.shtml|publisher=Bureau of Meteorology|access-date=5 April 2013}}</ref>
| dist1 = 485
| dist1 = 485
| dir1 = S
| dir1 = SSW
| location1= [[Sydney]]
| location1= [[Sydney]]
| dist2 = 202
| dist2 = 202
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| stategov = [[Electoral district of Monaro|Monaro]]
| stategov = [[Electoral district of Monaro|Monaro]]
| fedgov = [[Division of Eden-Monaro|Eden-Monaro]]
| fedgov = [[Division of Eden-Monaro|Eden-Monaro]]
| maxtemp = 18.4
| maxtemp = 18.5
| mintemp = 4.8
| mintemp = 4.9
| rainfall = 644.1
| rainfall = 650.9
| est =1840s
| est =1840s
}}
}}
'''Bombala''' is a town in the [[Monaro, New South Wales|Monaro]] region of south-eastern [[New South Wales]], Australia, in [[Snowy Monaro Regional Council]]. It is approximately {{convert|485|km|mi|0}} south of the state capital, [[Sydney]], and {{convert|80|km|mi|0}} south of the town of [[Cooma, New South Wales|Cooma]]. The name derives from an [[Indigenous Australian|Aboriginal]] word meaning "Meeting of the waters".<ref>{{NSW GNR|id=KWqwXtqb|title=Bombala|access-date=20 June 2009}}</ref> The town lies on the banks of the [[Bombala River]]. At the {{CensusAU|2016}}, Bombala had a population of 1,387.<ref name=Census />
'''Bombala''' is a town in the [[Monaro, New South Wales|Monaro]] region of far southern [[New South Wales]], Australia, in [[Snowy Monaro Regional Council]]. It is approximately {{convert|485|km|mi|0}} south-southwest of the state capital, [[Sydney]], and {{convert|80|km|mi|0}} south of the town of [[Cooma, New South Wales|Cooma]]. The name derives from an [[Indigenous Australian|Aboriginal]] word meaning "Meeting of the waters".<ref>{{NSW GNR|id=KWqwXtqb|title=Bombala|access-date=20 June 2009}}</ref> The town lies on the banks of the [[Bombala River]]. At the {{CensusAU|2021}}, Bombala had a population of 1,892.<ref name=Census />


==History==
==History==
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The Bombala area was inhabited by the Ngarigu Aboriginal people prior to the first European settlers arriving in the 1830s. Captain Ronald Campbell established a large property in 1833 that he named 'Bombalo'. More European settlers arrived in the Bombala area in the 1840s during which time the small township developed. Bombala had a post office by 1849 and had a number of large commercial and public buildings by the mid 1850s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.heritageaustralia.com.au/new-south-wales/3356-bombala-|title=Bombala|website=heritageaustralia.com.au|access-date=2016-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306090228/http://www.heritageaustralia.com.au/new-south-wales/3356-bombala-|archive-date=6 March 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The Bombala area was inhabited by the Ngarigu Aboriginal people prior to the first European settlers arriving in the 1830s. Captain Ronald Campbell established a large property in 1833 that he named 'Bombalo'. More European settlers arrived in the Bombala area in the 1840s during which time the small township developed. Bombala had a post office by 1849 and had a number of large commercial and public buildings by the mid 1850s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.heritageaustralia.com.au/new-south-wales/3356-bombala-|title=Bombala|website=heritageaustralia.com.au|access-date=2016-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306090228/http://www.heritageaustralia.com.au/new-south-wales/3356-bombala-|archive-date=6 March 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>


Bombala was proposed in 1903 by [[King O'Malley]] as the site of the parliamentary seat of Australia. It was considered as a location because it was halfway between the two cities of Sydney and Melbourne. The proposal was ultimately rejected in favour of [[Canberra]]. The site proposed for the capital city was a little to the west of the town of Bombala, on the right bank of the Bombala River. The town of Bombala would have been a part of a new federal territory.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FEDERAL CAPITAL: PROPOSED SITES, 1904. - SOUTHERN MONARO DISTRICT. SECOND REPORT (WITH PLANS), BY C. R. SCRIVENER, SURVEYOR.|url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2772888215|url-status=live|access-date=2021-09-19|website=Trove|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sketch map showing proposed Federal Territory and capital site at Bombala [cartographic material] : Parishes of Bombala, Gecar, Ashton, Maharatta, Mila, Hayden, Gulgin, Delegete, Pickering, Burnima and Burrimbucco, County of Wellesley, New South Wales 1900|url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-233896936|access-date=2021-09-19|website=Trove|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=General plan of country surrounding suggested Federal Capital site in the locality of Bombala, N.S.W. No. 12 [cartographic material] : shewing approximately city site, proposed water supply, railways, &c|url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-233891053|access-date=2021-09-19|website=Trove|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Southern Monaro or Bombala-Eden Territory|url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-233893411|access-date=2021-09-19|website=Trove|language=en}}</ref>
Bombala was proposed in 1903 by [[King O'Malley]] as the site of the parliamentary seat of Australia. It was considered as a location because it was halfway between the two cities of Sydney and Melbourne. The proposal was ultimately rejected in favour of [[Canberra]]. The site proposed for the capital city was a little to the west of the town of Bombala, on the right bank of the Bombala River. The town of Bombala would have been a part of a new federal territory.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FEDERAL CAPITAL: PROPOSED SITES, 1904. - SOUTHERN MONARO DISTRICT. SECOND REPORT (WITH PLANS), BY C. R. SCRIVENER, SURVEYOR.|url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2772888215|access-date=2021-09-19|website=Trove|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sketch map showing proposed Federal Territory and capital site at Bombala [cartographic material] : Parishes of Bombala, Gecar, Ashton, Maharatta, Mila, Hayden, Gulgin, Delegete, Pickering, Burnima and Burrimbucco, County of Wellesley, New South Wales 1900|url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-233896936|access-date=2021-09-19|website=Trove|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=General plan of country surrounding suggested Federal Capital site in the locality of Bombala, N.S.W. No. 12 [cartographic material] : shewing approximately city site, proposed water supply, railways, &c|url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-233891053|access-date=2021-09-19|website=Trove|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Southern Monaro or Bombala-Eden Territory|url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-233893411|access-date=2021-09-19|website=Trove|language=en}}</ref>


The town lies on the banks of the [[Bombala River]] and principal industries of the area include grazing and timber. Tourism is also growing in importance to the local economy. There is also a small amount of specialty producers with meat rabbits, [[lavender]] and many herbs being grown in the district. [[Delegate, New South Wales|Delegate]] is situated 36&nbsp;km west of Bombala and The Snowy River March which commenced from Delegate in 1916 went via Bombala to Goulburn.
The town lies on the banks of the [[Bombala River]] and principal industries of the area include grazing and timber. Tourism is also growing in importance to the local economy. There is also a small amount of specialty producers with meat rabbits, [[lavender]] and many herbs being grown in the district. [[Delegate, New South Wales|Delegate]] is situated 36&nbsp;km west of Bombala and The Snowy River March which commenced from Delegate in 1916 went via Bombala to Goulburn.


The timber industry has slowly begun to overtake many of the historic properties surrounding Bombala, such as the more-than-150-year-old property of Aston, {{convert|10|km|mi}} south-west of the township.
The timber industry has slowly begun to overtake many of the historic properties surrounding Bombala, such as the more-than-150-year-old property of Aston, {{convert|10|km|mi}} south-west of the township.

On 13 December 1962, Bombala post office received the last telegram to be transmitted using [[Morse code]] telegraphy in New South Wales.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Condie |first=Katrina |title=A new chapter to be written as historic Bombala post office hits the market |url=https://aboutregional.com.au/a-new-chapter-to-be-written-as-historic-bombala-post-office-hits-the-market/ |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=About Regional |language=en}}</ref>


The area is known for possibly the largest population of [[Platypus]] in New South Wales and is promoted as Platypus Country.
The area is known for possibly the largest population of [[Platypus]] in New South Wales and is promoted as Platypus Country.


The Holy Transfiguration Monastery is a male monastic community of the [[Russian Orthodox Church Abroad]]. Founded in 1982, the monastic community presided over by Abbott Hieromonk Sergius, abides in the pristine and rugged valley of the MacLaughlin River situated between [[Cooma]] and Bombala.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.holytransfigurationmonastery.org.au/display/HTM/Home |title=Archived copy |access-date=2 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428205450/http://www.holytransfigurationmonastery.org.au/display/HTM/Home |archive-date=28 April 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The Holy Transfiguration Monastery is a male monastic community of the [[Russian Orthodox Church Abroad]]. Founded in 1982, the monastic community presided over by Abbott Hieromonk Sergius, abides in the pristine and rugged valley of the MacLaughlin River situated between [[Cooma]] and Bombala.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.holytransfigurationmonastery.org.au/display/HTM/Home |title=Home - Holy Transfiguration Monastery |access-date=2 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428205450/http://www.holytransfigurationmonastery.org.au/display/HTM/Home |archive-date=28 April 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


The Facebook page "Bombala History in Photos" contains a wealth of information about the town's history.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/Bombala-History-in-Photos-1465567133467894/|title=Facebook: Bombala History in Photos|website=[[Facebook]]}}</ref>
The Facebook page "Bombala History in Photos" contains a wealth of information about the town's history.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/Bombala-History-in-Photos-1465567133467894/|title=Facebook: Bombala History in Photos|website=[[Facebook]]}}</ref>


On January 15 2022, a tornado touched down in the vicinity of the town.<ref> https://twitter.com/SevereWeatherAU/status/1482428969467412480</ref>
On January 15, 2022, a tornado touched down in the vicinity of the town.<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1482428969467412480|user=SevereWeatherAU|title=MUST WATCH! See the time-lapse video of the Bombala NSW tornado that was captured yesterday afternoon. Via our Part…|date=15 January 2022}}</ref>

Bombala has seen recent economic growth with the development of renewable energy projects in the region, contributing to local employment and sustainability initiatives. The annual 'Bombala Show,' celebrating local agriculture, crafts, and community spirit, remains a key event in fostering regional pride and tourism. Recent census data highlights a diverse community, with increasing efforts towards cultural inclusivity and support for local Indigenous heritage projects.


== Heritage listings ==
== Heritage listings ==
Line 61: Line 66:


==Population==
==Population==

⚫
In the 2016 Census, there were 1,387 people in Bombala. 85.1% of people were born in Australia and 89.9% of people spoke only English at home. The most common responses for religion were Anglican 34.6%, Catholic 23.8% and No Religion 20.3%.<ref name=Census />
{{Historical populations
|type= Australia
|1921|978
|1933|931
|1947|1111
|1954|1258
|1961|1389
|1966|1495
|1971|1489
|1976|1474
|1981|1504
|1986|1458
|1991|1404
|1996|1380
|2001|1222
|2006|1206
|2011|1211
|2016|1197
|2021|1136
|source=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] data.<ref name="ABS Census data">{{cite web |title=Statistics by Catalogue Number |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/ViewContent?readform&view=ProductsbyCatalogue&Action=Expand&Num=2.2 |access-date=24 January 2024}}</ref><ref name="ABS Census data recent">{{cite web |title=Search Census data |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/search-by-area |access-date=24 January 2024}}</ref>
}}

⚫
In the 2021 Census, there were 1,892 people in the broader Bombala region, and 1,136 in the Bombala urban centre. 83.2% of people were born in Australia and 89.2% of people spoke only English at home. The most common responses for religion were Anglican 26.8%, Catholic 21.7% and No Religion 29.2%<ref name=Census />


==Geography and climate==
==Geography and climate==
[[File:Bombala - backward parking cars.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Typical Bombala street full of back-parked cars]]
[[File:Bombala - backward parking cars.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Typical Bombala street full of back-parked cars]]
Situated at 705 metres above sea level on the eastern edge of the [[Monaro (New South Wales)|Monaro Tablelands]], Bombala is known for its cold winters with frequent [[frost]] and occasional [[snow]]. A few kilometres to the east, the land slopes downwards to the [[South Coast (New South Wales)|South Coast]], a flat coastal plain where summers are warmer and winter temperatures much milder. Examples are towns such as [[Bega, New South Wales|Bega]] and [[Merimbula]], both about 80 kilometres east of Bombala; however, their climates are vastly different from Bombala's. According to [[Köppen climate classification]] scheme, Bombala has an [[oceanic climate]] (''Cfb'').
Situated at 705 metres above sea level on the southeastern edge of the [[Monaro (New South Wales)|Monaro Tablelands]], Bombala is known for its cold winters with frequent [[frost]] and regular dustings of [[snow]]. Snowfalls have even occurred in late spring and frosts often occur in summer. A few kilometres to the east, the land slopes downwards to the [[South Coast (New South Wales)|South Coast]], a flat coastal plain where summers are warmer and winter temperatures much milder. Examples are towns such as [[Bega, New South Wales|Bega]] and [[Merimbula]], both about 80 kilometres east of Bombala. According to [[Köppen climate classification]] scheme, Bombala has an [[oceanic climate]] (''Cfb'').


Most rain in the area falls as either [[thunderstorms]] in summer, or with cold fronts in winter. Due to its [[downwind]] position that straddles the [[Great Dividing Range]], winters are [[southeast Australian foehn|somewhat drier]] as the [[Snowy Mountains]] [[rain shadow|shield]] the area from south-westerly [[polar vortex|cold fronts]] that come from the [[Southern Ocean]]. Extreme temperatures have ranged from 40.7&nbsp;°C (105.6&nbsp;°F) to −10.0&nbsp;°C (14.0&nbsp;°F).
Most rain in the area tends to fall as [[cold fronts]], which at times allow for the development of severe [[thunderstorms]] in the spring and summer. Extreme temperatures have ranged from 41.5&nbsp;°C (105.6&nbsp;°F) to −10.0&nbsp;°C (14.0&nbsp;°F).
<br /><div style="width:75%;">
<br /><div style="width:75%;">
{{Weather box
{{Weather box
|location = Bombala (Therry Street, 1912–2022, rainfall to 1885); 705 m AMSL; 36.91° S, 149.24° E
|location = Bombala
|metric first = Yes
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 40.0
|Jan record high C = 41.5
|Feb record high C = 40.7
|Feb record high C = 40.7
|Mar record high C = 36.4
|Mar record high C = 36.4
|Apr record high C = 30.9
|Apr record high C = 31.1
|May record high C = 26.7
|May record high C = 26.7
|Jun record high C = 22.1
|Jun record high C = 22.1
|Jul record high C = 18.8
|Jul record high C = 21.3
|Aug record high C = 24.5
|Aug record high C = 24.5
|Sep record high C = 29.0
|Sep record high C = 30.1
|Oct record high C = 31.5
|Oct record high C = 32.0
|Nov record high C = 36.9
|Nov record high C = 37.5
|Dec record high C = 38.5
|Dec record high C = 38.5
|year record high C = 40.7
|year record high C =
|Jan high C = 25.5
|Jan high C = 25.6
|Feb high C = 25.0
|Feb high C = 25.0
|Mar high C = 22.6
|Mar high C = 22.6
|Apr high C = 18.5
|Apr high C = 18.6
|May high C = 14.7
|May high C = 14.8
|Jun high C = 11.5
|Jun high C = 11.6
|Jul high C = 11.0
|Jul high C = 11.1
|Aug high C = 12.7
|Aug high C = 12.8
|Sep high C = 15.8
|Sep high C = 15.9
|Oct high C = 18.8
|Oct high C = 18.9
|Nov high C = 21.2
|Nov high C = 21.3
|Dec high C = 23.8
|Dec high C = 23.9
|year high C = 18.4
|year high C =
|Jan low C = 10.3
|Jan low C = 10.5
|Feb low C = 10.5
|Feb low C = 10.6
|Mar low C = 8.6
|Mar low C = 8.6
|Apr low C = 5.2
|Apr low C = 5.3
|May low C = 2.0
|May low C = 2.0
|Jun low C = -0.2
|Jun low C = -0.1
|Jul low C = -1.2
|Jul low C = -1.1
|Aug low C = -0.2
|Aug low C = -0.1
|Sep low C = 2.2
|Sep low C = 2.3
|Oct low C = 4.7
|Oct low C = 4.7
|Nov low C = 6.9
|Nov low C = 7.0
|Dec low C = 8.8
|Dec low C = 9.0
|year low C = 4.8
|year low C =
|Jan record low C = 0.4
|Jan record low C = 0.4
|Feb record low C = 1.3
|Feb record low C = 1.3
Line 126: Line 154:
|year record low C = -10.0
|year record low C = -10.0
|precipitation colour=green
|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm = 63.2
|Jan precipitation mm = 64.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 59.1
|Feb precipitation mm = 58.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 60.3
|Mar precipitation mm = 61.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 45.0
|Apr precipitation mm = 45.2
|May precipitation mm = 43.6
|May precipitation mm = 43.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 59.4
|Jun precipitation mm = 59.8
|Jul precipitation mm = 46.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 46.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 40.2
|Aug precipitation mm = 40.2
|Sep precipitation mm = 44.1
|Sep precipitation mm = 44.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 55.2
|Oct precipitation mm = 56.3
|Nov precipitation mm = 64.3
|Nov precipitation mm = 65.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 63.6
|Dec precipitation mm = 64.1
|Jan rain days = 8.0
|year precipitation mm = 650.9
|Feb rain days = 7.6
|Jan rain days = 8.2
|Mar rain days = 8.2
|Feb rain days = 7.7
|Apr rain days = 8.0
|Mar rain days = 8.4
|May rain days = 9.1
|Apr rain days = 8.1
|Jun rain days = 10.2
|May rain days = 9.2
|Jul rain days = 9.3
|Jun rain days = 10.4
|Aug rain days = 9.9
|Jul rain days = 9.4
|Sep rain days = 10.2
|Aug rain days = 10.1
|Oct rain days = 10.2
|Sep rain days = 10.3
|Nov rain days = 9.7
|Oct rain days = 10.4
|Dec rain days = 9.0
|Nov rain days = 9.9
|Dec rain days = 9.1
|unit rain days = 0.2mm
|unit rain days = 0.2mm
|Jan afthumidity = 51
|Feb afthumidity = 55
|Mar afthumidity = 54
|Apr afthumidity = 58
|May afthumidity = 63
|Jun afthumidity = 64
|Jul afthumidity = 59
|Aug afthumidity = 56
|Sep afthumidity = 54
|Oct afthumidity = 53
|Nov afthumidity = 52
|Dec afthumidity = 54
|year afthumidity = 56
|humidity colour = green
|source 1 = [[Bureau of Meteorology (Australia)|Bureau of Meteorology]]<ref>{{BoM Aust stats|site_ref=cw_070005_All|site_name=BOMBALA (THERRY STREET)|access-date=23 April 2013|date=April 2013}}</ref>
|source 1 = [[Bureau of Meteorology (Australia)|Bureau of Meteorology]]<ref>{{BoM Aust stats|site_ref=cw_070005_All|site_name=BOMBALA (THERRY STREET)|access-date=23 April 2013|date=April 2013}}</ref>
|date=April 2013}}
|date=April 2013}}
</div>
</div>

==Sport==
The most popular sport in Bombala is [[rugby league]]. The Bombala Blue Heelers play in the [[Group 16 Rugby League]] competition. Officially, the team merged with rivals the [[Delegate, New South Wales|Delegate Tigers]] in the 1980s, with the club officially known as Bombala-Delegate.


==Transport==
==Transport==
Line 161: Line 207:
| publisher =[[Rolfe Bozier, NSWrail.net]]
| publisher =[[Rolfe Bozier, NSWrail.net]]
| url =http://www.nswrail.net/lines/show.php?name=NSW:bombala
| url =http://www.nswrail.net/lines/show.php?name=NSW:bombala
| access-date =7 October 2009}}</ref> being an extension of the line from [[Queanbeyan, New South Wales|Queanbeyan]] to Cooma. The line was and still is known as the [[Goulburn, New South Wales|Goulburn]] to [[Bombala railway line|Bombala line]]. During the 1970s, service was provided by a small rail bus, taking 4 hours to cover the {{convert|100|km|mi}} between Cooma and Bombala.
| access-date =7 October 2009}}</ref> being an extension of the line from [[Queanbeyan, New South Wales|Queanbeyan]] to Cooma. The line was and still is known as the [[Goulburn, New South Wales|Goulburn]] to [[Bombala railway line|Bombala line]]. During the 1970s, service was provided by a small rail bus, taking 4 hours to cover the {{convert|100|km|mi}} between Cooma and Bombala (compare road distance {{convert|88|km|mi}}).


The [[Monaro Highway]] (now route B23) which runs from [[Canberra]] to [[Cann River]] (Victoria) passes through Bombala.
The [[Monaro Highway]] (now route B23) which runs from [[Canberra]] to [[Cann River]] (Victoria) passes through Bombala.
Line 169: Line 215:


==Notable residents==
==Notable residents==
* [[Minard Fannie Crommelin|Minard Crommelin]] MBE (1881-1972), postmistress and environmental conservationist, born at Aston Station, near Bombala.
* [[Minard Fannie Crommelin|Minard Crommelin]] MBE (1881–1972), postmistress and environmental conservationist, born at Aston Station, near Bombala.
* [[Michael Farrell (poet)|Michael Farrell]] (1965-), contemporary poet and magazine editor, born in Bombala.
* [[Michael Farrell (poet)|Michael Farrell]] (born 1965), contemporary poet and magazine editor, born in Bombala.
* [[William Keys|Sir Alexander George William "Bill" Keys AC, OBE, MC]] (1923-2000), long-serving president of the Returned and Services League (RSL), grew up in Bombala.
* [[William Keys (Australian Army officer)|Sir Alexander George William "Bill" Keys AC, OBE, MC]] (1923–2000), long-serving president of the Returned and Services League (RSL), grew up in Bombala.
* [[Dick Tooth]] (1929-), former Australian rugby union representative, born in Bombala.
* [[Dick Tooth]] (born 1929), former Australian rugby union representative, born in Bombala.
* [http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/whyte-william-farmer-9090 William Farmer Whyte] (1877-1958), journalist and author<ref>{{Cite book|url = http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/whyte-william-farmer-9090|title = Whyte, William Farmer (1877-1958)|website = Australian Dictionary of Biography|last = Souter|first = Gavin}}</ref>
* [http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/whyte-william-farmer-9090 William Farmer Whyte] (1877–1958), journalist and author<ref>{{cite Australian Dictionary of Biography |id2=whyte-william-farmer-9090|title = Whyte, William Farmer (1877-1958)|last = Souter|first = Gavin}}</ref>
* [http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/kerry-charles-henry-6940 Charles Henry Kerry] (1857-1928), photographer<ref>{{Cite book|url = http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/kerry-charles-henry-6940|title = Kerry, Charles Henry (1857-1928)|website = Australian Dictionary of Biography|last = Burke|first = Keast}}</ref>
* [http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/kerry-charles-henry-6940 Charles Henry Kerry] (1857–1928), photographer<ref>{{cite Australian Dictionary of Biography |id2=kerry-charles-henry-6940|title = Kerry, Charles Henry (1857-1928)|last = Burke|first = Keast}}</ref>
* [http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/de-beuzeville-wilfred-alexander-5936 Wilfred Alexander de Beuzeville] (1884-1954), forester<ref>{{Cite book|url = http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/de-beuzeville-wilfred-alexander-5936|title = de Beuzeville, Wilfred Alexander (1884-1954)|website = Australian Dictionary of Biography|last = Carron|first = L. T.}}</ref>
* [http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/de-beuzeville-wilfred-alexander-5936 Wilfred Alexander de Beuzeville] (1884–1954), forester<ref>{{cite Australian Dictionary of Biography |id2=de-beuzeville-wilfred-alexander-5936|title = de Beuzeville, Wilfred Alexander (1884-1954)|last = Carron|first = L. T.}}</ref>
* [[Ky Rodwell]], rugby league footballer


==References==
==References==
Line 181: Line 228:


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Commons category-inline}}
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|Bombala}}
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* [http://www.nswrail.net/locations/show.php?name=NSW:Bombala&line=NSW:bombala:0 Bombala Railway Station]
* [http://www.nswrail.net/locations/show.php?name=NSW:Bombala&line=NSW:bombala:0 Bombala Railway Station]


Latest revision as of 11:04, 5 May 2024

This article is about the town in New South Wales, Australia. For the crater on Mars, see Bombala (crater).

Bombala
New South Wales
Bombala, looking towards the town centre. The footbridge passes over the Bombala railway line. The right most building is the station building, the centre building the goods shed and above that is the bridge over the Bombala River.
Bombala is located in New South Wales
Bombala
Bombala
Coordinates36°55′0″S 149°14′0″E / 36.91667°S 149.23333°E / -36.91667; 149.23333
Population1,892 (2021 census)[1]
Established1840s
Postcode(s)2632
Elevation705 m (2,313 ft)[2]
Location
  • 485 km (301 mi) SSW of Sydney
  • 202 km (126 mi) S of Canberra
  • 87 km (54 mi) S of Cooma
  • 77 km (48 mi) WSW of Bega
LGA(s)Snowy Monaro Regional Council
CountyWellesley
State electorate(s)Monaro
Federal division(s)Eden-Monaro
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall
18.5 °C
65 °F		 4.9 °C
41 °F		 650.9 mm
25.6 in

Bombala is a town in the Monaro region of far southern New South Wales, Australia, in Snowy Monaro Regional Council. It is approximately 485 kilometres (301 mi) south-southwest of the state capital, Sydney, and 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of the town of Cooma. The name derives from an Aboriginal word meaning "Meeting of the waters".[3] The town lies on the banks of the Bombala River. At the 2021 census, Bombala had a population of 1,892.[1]

History

[edit]

The Bombala area was inhabited by the Ngarigu Aboriginal people prior to the first European settlers arriving in the 1830s. Captain Ronald Campbell established a large property in 1833 that he named 'Bombalo'. More European settlers arrived in the Bombala area in the 1840s during which time the small township developed. Bombala had a post office by 1849 and had a number of large commercial and public buildings by the mid 1850s.[4]

Bombala was proposed in 1903 by King O'Malley as the site of the parliamentary seat of Australia. It was considered as a location because it was halfway between the two cities of Sydney and Melbourne. The proposal was ultimately rejected in favour of Canberra. The site proposed for the capital city was a little to the west of the town of Bombala, on the right bank of the Bombala River. The town of Bombala would have been a part of a new federal territory.[5][6][7][8]

The town lies on the banks of the Bombala River and principal industries of the area include grazing and timber. Tourism is also growing in importance to the local economy. There is also a small amount of specialty producers with meat rabbits, lavender and many herbs being grown in the district. Delegate is situated 36 km west of Bombala and The Snowy River March which commenced from Delegate in 1916 went via Bombala to Goulburn.

The timber industry has slowly begun to overtake many of the historic properties surrounding Bombala, such as the more-than-150-year-old property of Aston, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south-west of the township.

On 13 December 1962, Bombala post office received the last telegram to be transmitted using Morse code telegraphy in New South Wales.[9]

The area is known for possibly the largest population of Platypus in New South Wales and is promoted as Platypus Country.

The Holy Transfiguration Monastery is a male monastic community of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad. Founded in 1982, the monastic community presided over by Abbott Hieromonk Sergius, abides in the pristine and rugged valley of the MacLaughlin River situated between Cooma and Bombala.[10]

The Facebook page "Bombala History in Photos" contains a wealth of information about the town's history.[11]

On January 15, 2022, a tornado touched down in the vicinity of the town.[12]

Bombala has seen recent economic growth with the development of renewable energy projects in the region, contributing to local employment and sustainability initiatives. The annual 'Bombala Show,' celebrating local agriculture, crafts, and community spirit, remains a key event in fostering regional pride and tourism. Recent census data highlights a diverse community, with increasing efforts towards cultural inclusivity and support for local Indigenous heritage projects.

Heritage listings

[edit]

Bombala has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

Population

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1921978—    
1933931−4.8%
19471,111+19.3%
19541,258+13.2%
19611,389+10.4%
19661,495+7.6%
19711,489−0.4%
19761,474−1.0%
19811,504+2.0%
19861,458−3.1%
19911,404−3.7%
19961,380−1.7%
20011,222−11.4%
20061,206−1.3%
20111,211+0.4%
20161,197−1.2%
20211,136−5.1%
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics data.[15][16]

In the 2021 Census, there were 1,892 people in the broader Bombala region, and 1,136 in the Bombala urban centre. 83.2% of people were born in Australia and 89.2% of people spoke only English at home. The most common responses for religion were Anglican 26.8%, Catholic 21.7% and No Religion 29.2%[1]

Geography and climate

[edit]
Typical Bombala street full of back-parked cars

Situated at 705 metres above sea level on the southeastern edge of the Monaro Tablelands, Bombala is known for its cold winters with frequent frost and regular dustings of snow. Snowfalls have even occurred in late spring and frosts often occur in summer. A few kilometres to the east, the land slopes downwards to the South Coast, a flat coastal plain where summers are warmer and winter temperatures much milder. Examples are towns such as Bega and Merimbula, both about 80 kilometres east of Bombala. According to Köppen climate classification scheme, Bombala has an oceanic climate (Cfb).

Most rain in the area tends to fall as cold fronts, which at times allow for the development of severe thunderstorms in the spring and summer. Extreme temperatures have ranged from 41.5 °C (105.6 °F) to −10.0 °C (14.0 °F).


Climate data for Bombala (Therry Street, 1912–2022, rainfall to 1885); 705 m AMSL; 36.91° S, 149.24° E
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 41.5
(106.7) 		40.7
(105.3) 		36.4
(97.5) 		31.1
(88.0) 		26.7
(80.1) 		22.1
(71.8) 		21.3
(70.3) 		24.5
(76.1) 		30.1
(86.2) 		32.0
(89.6) 		37.5
(99.5) 		38.5
(101.3) 		41.5
(106.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 25.6
(78.1) 		25.0
(77.0) 		22.6
(72.7) 		18.6
(65.5) 		14.8
(58.6) 		11.6
(52.9) 		11.1
(52.0) 		12.8
(55.0) 		15.9
(60.6) 		18.9
(66.0) 		21.3
(70.3) 		23.9
(75.0) 		18.5
(65.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 10.5
(50.9) 		10.6
(51.1) 		8.6
(47.5) 		5.3
(41.5) 		2.0
(35.6) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		2.3
(36.1) 		4.7
(40.5) 		7.0
(44.6) 		9.0
(48.2) 		4.9
(40.8)
Record low °C (°F) 0.4
(32.7) 		1.3
(34.3) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		−5.0
(23.0) 		−7.1
(19.2) 		−10.0
(14.0) 		−9.6
(14.7) 		−8.0
(17.6) 		−6.4
(20.5) 		−4.7
(23.5) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		−10.0
(14.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 64.2
(2.53) 		58.7
(2.31) 		61.1
(2.41) 		45.2
(1.78) 		43.5
(1.71) 		59.8
(2.35) 		46.0
(1.81) 		40.2
(1.58) 		44.5
(1.75) 		56.3
(2.22) 		65.5
(2.58) 		64.1
(2.52) 		650.9
(25.63)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2mm) 8.2 7.7 8.4 8.1 9.2 10.4 9.4 10.1 10.3 10.4 9.9 9.1 111.2
Average afternoon relative humidity (%) 51 55 54 58 63 64 59 56 54 53 52 54 56
Source: Bureau of Meteorology[17]

Sport

[edit]

The most popular sport in Bombala is rugby league. The Bombala Blue Heelers play in the Group 16 Rugby League competition. Officially, the team merged with rivals the Delegate Tigers in the 1980s, with the club officially known as Bombala-Delegate.

Transport

[edit]
Bombala Railway Station

The railway reached Bombala in 1921 and closed in 1986.[18] being an extension of the line from Queanbeyan to Cooma. The line was and still is known as the Goulburn to Bombala line. During the 1970s, service was provided by a small rail bus, taking 4 hours to cover the 100 kilometres (62 mi) between Cooma and Bombala (compare road distance 88 kilometres (55 mi)).

The Monaro Highway (now route B23) which runs from Canberra to Cann River (Victoria) passes through Bombala. Other major roads include Mt Darragh Rd which connects to Pambula and Merimbula on the NSW South Coast.

The nearest airport with regular air services is at Merimbula, 85 kilometres (53 mi) to the east.

Notable residents

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Bombala (State Suburb)". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 2 August 2023. Edit this at Wikidata
  2. ^ "Climate statistics for Australian locations - Bombala (Therry Street)". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  3. ^ "Bombala". Geographical Names Register (GNR) of NSW. Geographical Names Board of New South Wales. Retrieved 20 June 2009. Edit this at Wikidata
  4. ^ "Bombala". heritageaustralia.com.au. Archived from the original on 6 March 2017. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
  5. ^ "FEDERAL CAPITAL: PROPOSED SITES, 1904. - SOUTHERN MONARO DISTRICT. SECOND REPORT (WITH PLANS), BY C. R. SCRIVENER, SURVEYOR". Trove. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
  6. ^ "Sketch map showing proposed Federal Territory and capital site at Bombala [cartographic material] : Parishes of Bombala, Gecar, Ashton, Maharatta, Mila, Hayden, Gulgin, Delegete, Pickering, Burnima and Burrimbucco, County of Wellesley, New South Wales 1900". Trove. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
  7. ^ "General plan of country surrounding suggested Federal Capital site in the locality of Bombala, N.S.W. No. 12 [cartographic material] : shewing approximately city site, proposed water supply, railways, &c". Trove. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
  8. ^ "Southern Monaro or Bombala-Eden Territory". Trove. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
  9. ^ Condie, Katrina. "A new chapter to be written as historic Bombala post office hits the market". About Regional. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  10. ^ "Home - Holy Transfiguration Monastery". Archived from the original on 28 April 2015. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
  11. ^ "Facebook: Bombala History in Photos". Facebook.
  12. ^ @SevereWeatherAU (15 January 2022). "MUST WATCH! See the time-lapse video of the Bombala NSW tornado that was captured yesterday afternoon. Via our Part…" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  13. ^ "Bombala Railway Station and yard group". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01091. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC-BY 4.0 licence.
  14. ^ "Crankies Plain Bridge". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01466. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC-BY 4.0 licence.
  15. ^ "Statistics by Catalogue Number". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  16. ^ "Search Census data". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  17. ^ "BOMBALA (THERRY STREET)". Climate statistics for Australian locations. Bureau of Meteorology. April 2013. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  18. ^ "NSWrail.net". Rolfe Bozier, NSWrail.net. Retrieved 7 October 2009.
  19. ^ Souter, Gavin. "Whyte, William Farmer (1877-1958)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943.
  20. ^ Burke, Keast. "Kerry, Charles Henry (1857-1928)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943.
  21. ^ Carron, L. T. "de Beuzeville, Wilfred Alexander (1884-1954)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943.
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