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{{Short description|French critic}}
{{more footnotes|date=February 2016}}
{{for|the French Olympic hockey player|Jacques Rivière (field hockey)}}
{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
| name = Jacques Rivière
| name = Jacques Rivière
| image = File:Jacques Rivière 1922.jpg
| image = Jacques Rivière 1922.jpg
| imagesize = 225px
| imagesize =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1886|7|15|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1886|7|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = Bordeaux, France
| birth_place = [[Bordeaux]], [[French Third Republic|France]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1925|2|14|1886|7|15|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1925|2|14|1886|7|15|df=y}}
| death_place = Paris, France
| death_place = [[Paris]], [[French Third Republic|France]]
| occupation = critic, writer, editor
| occupation = Critic, writer, editor
| nationality = France
| period = 1912&ndash;1925
| period = 1912&ndash;1925
| notableworks = ''[[Nouvelle Revue Française]]'' (editor, 1919-1926)
| notableworks = ''[[Nouvelle Revue Française]]'' (editor, 1919–1926)
|spouse = {{marriage|Isabelle Alban-Fournier|1909}}
| influences = [[Maurice Barrès]], [[André Gide]], [[Paul Claudel]], [[Alain-Fournier]]
| influenced = [[Alain-Fournier]], [[Georges Poulet]]
}}
}}
'''Jacques Rivière''' (15 July 1886 &ndash; 14 February 1925) was a [[French people|French]] "[[man of letters]]" &mdash; a writer, critic and editor who was "a major force in the intellectual life of France in the period immediately following [[World War I]]."<ref name="brit">{{cite web|title=Jacques Rivière|url=http://www.britannica.com/biography/Jacques-Riviere|publisher=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]|accessdate=23 February 2016}}</ref> He edited ''[[Nouvelle Revue Française|La Nouvelle Revue Française]]'' (NRF) from 1919 until his death. He was influential in winning a general public acceptance of [[Marcel Proust]] as an important writer.<ref name="brit"/> His close friend was [[Alain-Fournier]] (Henri Alban-Fournier) with whom he exchanged an abundant correspondence.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Rivière|first1=Jacques|last2=Alain-Fournier|title=Jacques Rivière et Alain-Fournier: correspondance, 1905-1914|date=1991|publisher=Gallimard}}</ref>
'''Jacques Rivière''' (15 July 1886 &ndash; 14 February 1925) was a [[French people|French]] "[[man of letters]]" &mdash; a writer, critic and editor who was "a major force in the intellectual life of France in the period immediately following [[World War I]]".<ref name="brit">{{cite web|title=Jacques Rivière|url=http://www.britannica.com/biography/Jacques-Riviere|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=23 February 2016}}</ref> He edited the magazine ''[[Nouvelle Revue Française|La Nouvelle Revue Française]]'' (NRF) from 1919 until his death. He was influential in winning a general public acceptance of [[Marcel Proust]] as an important writer.<ref name="brit"/> His friend and brother-in-law was [[Alain-Fournier]] (Henri Alban-Fournier), with whom he exchanged an abundant correspondence.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Rivière|first1=Jacques|last2=Alain-Fournier|title=Jacques Rivière et Alain-Fournier: correspondance, 1905-1914|date=1991|publisher=Gallimard}}</ref>


==Biography==
==Biography==
Rivière was born in [[Bordeaux]], the son of an eminent doctor. He became friends with Henri-Alban Fournier (later known as Alain-Fournier) at the [[Lycée Lakanal]] in [[Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine]]. Both students prepared for the entrance examination for the [[École Normale Supérieure]], and both failed.<ref name="crh">{{cite web|last1=Dagan|first1=Yaël|title=La « démobilisation » de Jacques Rivière, 1917-1925|url=http://ccrh.revues.org/306|publisher=Centre de Recherches Historiques|accessdate=23 February 2016}}</ref> Rivière returned to Bordeaux in 1905, and from that date until his death maintained a quasi-daily correspondence with Alban-Fournier. In this correspondence one can see the literary tastes of both authors taking shape.
Rivière was born in [[Bordeaux]], the son of an eminent physician. He became friends with Henri-Alban Fournier (later known as Alain-Fournier) at the [[Lycée Lakanal]] in [[Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine]]. Both students prepared for the entrance examination for the [[École Normale Supérieure]], and both failed.<ref name="crh">{{cite journal|last1=Dagan|first1=Yaël|title=La 'démobilisation' de Jacques Rivière, 1917–1925|journal=Les Cahiers du Centre de Recherches Historiques |date=2003 |issue=31 |url=http://ccrh.revues.org/306|publisher=Centre de Recherches Historiques|doi=10.4000/ccrh.306 |accessdate=23 February 2016|doi-access=free}}</ref> Rivière returned to Bordeaux in 1905, and from that date until his death maintained a frequent correspondence with Alban-Fournier.


Rivière obtained an arts degree in Bordeaux, performed his military service, and returned in 1907 to Paris. Here he prepared a thesis at the [[Sorbonne]] on the ''Theodicy of [[François Fénelon|Fénelon]]'', while earning a living as a teacher at the [[Collège Stanislas de Paris|Stanislas College]]. He came under the influences of [[Maurice Barrès]], [[André Gide]] and [[Paul Claudel]], with whom he corresponded.
Rivière obtained an arts degree in Bordeaux, performed his military service, and returned in 1907 to Paris. There he prepared a thesis at the [[University of Paris|Sorbonne]] on the ''Theodicy of [[François Fénelon|Fénelon]]'', while earning a living as a teacher at the [[Collège Stanislas de Paris|Stanislas College]]. He was influenced by [[Maurice Barrès]], [[André Gide]] and [[Paul Claudel]], with whom he corresponded.
On 24 August 1909, Rivière married Isabelle Alban-Fournier, his friend Henri's younger sister.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Levy|first1=Karen|title=Jacques Rivière|date=1982|publisher=Twayne Publishers|location=Boston|page=9}}</ref> In 1913, he explicitly declared his [[Catholicism]].
On 24 August 1909, Rivière married Isabelle Alban-Fournier, his friend Henri's younger sister.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Levy|first1=Karen|title=Jacques Rivière|date=1982|publisher=Twayne Publishers|location=Boston|page=9}}</ref> In 1913, he explicitly declared his [[Catholicism]].


After writing for the literary revue ''L'Occident'', Rivière became a sub-editor of the NRF in [[1912 in literature|1912]]. He also began to write literary criticism, which he collected and published under the title of ''Études''. The essays in this book reveal Rivière's excellent sense of psychology.
After writing for the literary revue ''L'Occident'', Rivière became a sub-editor of the ''NRF'' in [[1912 in literature|1912]]. He also began to write literary criticism, which he collected and published with the title ''Études'' (Studies). The essays in this book reveal Rivière's excellent sense of psychology.


Rivière was mobilized in 1914 in the 220th infantry,<ref name="crh"/> and was captured on 24 August, in an early battle. Imprisoned in a camp near [[Königsbrück]], [[Saxony]], he attempted several escapes, which caused him to be transferred to a disciplinary camp in Hülsberg, [[Hanover]]. His memoirs of his captivity there were published in 1918 under the title ''L’Allemand : souvenirs et réflexions d'un prisonnier de guerre'' (''The German: memories and reflections of a prisoner of war''). Eventually he became seriously ill, and was transferred to [[Switzerland]] where he was interned until the end of the war.
Rivière was mobilized in 1914 in the 220th infantry,<ref name="crh"/> and was captured on 24 August, in an early battle. Imprisoned in a camp near [[Königsbrück]], [[Saxony]], he attempted several escapes, which caused him to be transferred to a disciplinary camp in Hülsberg, [[Hanover]]. His memoirs of his captivity there were published in 1918 with the title ''L'Allemand : souvenirs et réflexions d'un prisonnier de guerre'' (''The German: memories and reflections of a prisoner of war''). Eventually he became seriously ill, and was transferred to Switzerland where he was interned until the end of the war.


Shortly after the end of the war, Rivière restarted the NRF (whose publication had been stopped during the war). Under Rivière's direction, the NRF reappeared on 1 June 1919, and went on to publish the works of such writers as [[Marcel Proust]], [[François Mauriac]], [[Paul Valéry]], [[Saint-John Perse]], [[Jean Giraudoux]] and [[Jules Romains]]. He is remembered primarily for his 1923-24 exchange of letters with [[Antonin Artaud]], for the remarkable ways Artaud resists Rivière's attempts at critical, literary, even psychological reduction. Around this time Rivière neglected his own career as a writer, and wrote only one short [[psychological novel]], ''Aimé'', published in [[1922 in literature|1922]]. At Proust's insistence, he was awarded the [[Prix Blumenthal]] in 1920.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Grunspan|first1=Cyril|title=Marcel Proust. Conceal nothing|date=2005|publisher=Portaparole|location=Rome|isbn=88-89421-09-6|page=75}}</ref>
Soon after the end of the war, Rivière restarted the ''NRF'' (the publication of which had been stopped during the war). With Rivière's direction, publication of the ''NRF'' resumed on 1 June 1919, and it later published the works of such writers as [[Marcel Proust]], [[François Mauriac]], [[Paul Valéry]], [[Saint-John Perse]], [[Jean Giraudoux]] and [[Jules Romains]]. Rivière is remembered primarily for his 1923–24 exchange of letters with [[Antonin Artaud]], for the remarkable ways Artaud resists Rivière's attempts at critical, literary, even psychological reduction. About this time Rivière largely neglected his own career as a writer, and wrote only one short [[psychological novel]], ''Aimé'', published in [[1922 in literature|1922]]. At Proust's insistence, he was awarded the [[Prix Blumenthal]] in 1920.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Grunspan|first1=Cyril|title=Marcel Proust. Conceal nothing|date=2005|publisher=Portaparole|location=Rome|isbn=88-89421-09-6|page=75}}</ref>


He died of [[typhoid fever]] on 14 February 1925 in Paris.<ref name="mlr">{{cite journal|last1=Turnell|first1=Martin|title=The Criticism of Jacques Rivière|journal=The Modern Language Review|date=October 1940|volume=35|issue=4|pages=470–482|jstor=3717826}}</ref> After his death, Rivière's wife devoted herself to the posthumous classification and publication of many of his works.
Rivière died of [[typhoid fever]] on 14 February 1925 in Paris.<ref name="mlr">{{cite journal|last1=Turnell|first1=Martin|title=The Criticism of Jacques Rivière|journal=The Modern Language Review|date=October 1940|volume=35|issue=4|pages=470–482|doi=10.2307/3717826|jstor=3717826}}</ref> After his death, Rivière's wife devoted herself to the posthumous classification and publication of many of his works.


== Works ==
== Works ==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Riviere, Jacques}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Riviere, Jacques}}
[[Category:1886 births]]
[[Category:1886 births]]
[[Category:1925 deaths]]
[[Category:1925 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Bordeaux]]
[[Category:Writers from Bordeaux]]
[[Category:20th-century French novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century French novelists]]
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[[Category:French memoirists]]
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[[Category:French essayists]]
[[Category:French magazine editors]]
[[Category:French magazine editors]]
[[Category:Lycée Lakanal alumni]]
[[Category:Lycée Lakanal alumni]]
[[Category:Prix Blumenthal]]
[[Category:Prix Blumenthal]]
[[Category:Male essayists]]
[[Category:French male essayists]]
[[Category:French male novelists]]
[[Category:French male novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century essayists]]
[[Category:20th-century French essayists]]
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[[Category:20th-century French male writers]]
[[Category:Deaths from typhoid fever in France]]
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[[Category:20th-century French memoirists]]
[[Category:Nouvelle Revue Française editors]]

Latest revision as of 23:46, 4 May 2024

For the French Olympic hockey player, see Jacques Rivière (field hockey).
Jacques Rivière
Born(1886-07-15)15 July 1886
Bordeaux, France
Died14 February 1925(1925-02-14) (aged 38)
Paris, France
OccupationCritic, writer, editor
Period1912–1925
Notable worksNouvelle Revue Française (editor, 1919–1926)
Spouse
Isabelle Alban-Fournier
​
​
(m. 1909)​

Jacques Rivière (15 July 1886 – 14 February 1925) was a French "man of letters" — a writer, critic and editor who was "a major force in the intellectual life of France in the period immediately following World War I".[1] He edited the magazine La Nouvelle Revue Française (NRF) from 1919 until his death. He was influential in winning a general public acceptance of Marcel Proust as an important writer.[1] His friend and brother-in-law was Alain-Fournier (Henri Alban-Fournier), with whom he exchanged an abundant correspondence.[2]

Biography

[edit]

Rivière was born in Bordeaux, the son of an eminent physician. He became friends with Henri-Alban Fournier (later known as Alain-Fournier) at the Lycée Lakanal in Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine. Both students prepared for the entrance examination for the École Normale Supérieure, and both failed.[3] Rivière returned to Bordeaux in 1905, and from that date until his death maintained a frequent correspondence with Alban-Fournier.

Rivière obtained an arts degree in Bordeaux, performed his military service, and returned in 1907 to Paris. There he prepared a thesis at the Sorbonne on the Theodicy of Fénelon, while earning a living as a teacher at the Stanislas College. He was influenced by Maurice Barrès, André Gide and Paul Claudel, with whom he corresponded. On 24 August 1909, Rivière married Isabelle Alban-Fournier, his friend Henri's younger sister.[4] In 1913, he explicitly declared his Catholicism.

After writing for the literary revue L'Occident, Rivière became a sub-editor of the NRF in 1912. He also began to write literary criticism, which he collected and published with the title Études (Studies). The essays in this book reveal Rivière's excellent sense of psychology.

Rivière was mobilized in 1914 in the 220th infantry,[3] and was captured on 24 August, in an early battle. Imprisoned in a camp near Königsbrück, Saxony, he attempted several escapes, which caused him to be transferred to a disciplinary camp in Hülsberg, Hanover. His memoirs of his captivity there were published in 1918 with the title L'Allemand : souvenirs et réflexions d'un prisonnier de guerre (The German: memories and reflections of a prisoner of war). Eventually he became seriously ill, and was transferred to Switzerland where he was interned until the end of the war.

Soon after the end of the war, Rivière restarted the NRF (the publication of which had been stopped during the war). With Rivière's direction, publication of the NRF resumed on 1 June 1919, and it later published the works of such writers as Marcel Proust, François Mauriac, Paul Valéry, Saint-John Perse, Jean Giraudoux and Jules Romains. Rivière is remembered primarily for his 1923–24 exchange of letters with Antonin Artaud, for the remarkable ways Artaud resists Rivière's attempts at critical, literary, even psychological reduction. About this time Rivière largely neglected his own career as a writer, and wrote only one short psychological novel, Aimé, published in 1922. At Proust's insistence, he was awarded the Prix Blumenthal in 1920.[5]

Rivière died of typhoid fever on 14 February 1925 in Paris.[6] After his death, Rivière's wife devoted herself to the posthumous classification and publication of many of his works.

Works

[edit]
  • Études (1912)
  • L’Allemand : souvenirs et réflexions d'un prisonnier de guerre (1918)
  • Aimée (1922)
  • À la trace de Dieu (1925)
  • Correspondance de Jacques Rivière et Alain-Fournier (1926–1928)
  • Correspondance avec Paul Claudel (1926)
  • Carnet de guerre (1929)
  • Rimbaud (1931)
  • Moralisme et Littérature, dialogue avec Ramon Fernández (1932)
  • Florence (1935) (unfinished novel)
  • Carnets 1914-1917 (1977)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Jacques Rivière". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  2. ^ Rivière, Jacques; Alain-Fournier (1991). Jacques Rivière et Alain-Fournier: correspondance, 1905-1914. Gallimard.
  3. ^ a b Dagan, Yaël (2003). "La 'démobilisation' de Jacques Rivière, 1917–1925". Les Cahiers du Centre de Recherches Historiques (31). Centre de Recherches Historiques. doi:10.4000/ccrh.306. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  4. ^ Levy, Karen (1982). Jacques Rivière. Boston: Twayne Publishers. p. 9.
  5. ^ Grunspan, Cyril (2005). Marcel Proust. Conceal nothing. Rome: Portaparole. p. 75. ISBN 88-89421-09-6.
  6. ^ Turnell, Martin (October 1940). "The Criticism of Jacques Rivière". The Modern Language Review. 35 (4): 470–482. doi:10.2307/3717826. JSTOR 3717826.

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