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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Short description|American educator and activist}}{{Infobox person
{{Short description|American educator and activist}}{{Infobox person
| name = Robert Thomas Kerlin
| name = Robert T. Kerlin
| image = Robert T. Kerlin (cropped).jpg
| image = Robert T. Kerlin (cropped).jpg
| caption = Kerlin in 1918 at the [[Virginia Military Institute]]
| caption = Kerlin in 1918 at the [[Virginia Military Institute]]
| birth_date = March 22, 1866
| birth_date = March 22, 1866
| birth_place = [[Harrison County, Missouri|Newcastle, Missouri]]
| birth_place = [[Harrison County, Missouri|Newcastle, Missouri]], US
| death_date = February 21, 1950
| death_date = {{death date and age|1950|2|21|1866|3|22}}
| death_place = [[Cumberland, Maryland]]
| death_place = [[Cumberland, Maryland]], US
| known_for = Civil rights activism, Socialist activism, English teaching
| known_for = Civil rights activism, socialist activism, English teaching
}}
}}
'''Robert Thomas Kerlin''' (March 22, 1866{{Spaced en dash}}February 21, 1950) was an American educator, minister, and civil rights activist. He wrote several books and edited the 1920 ''[[The Voice of the Negro (book)|The Voice of the Negro]]'' and the 1923 poetry anthology ''[[Negro Poets and Their Poems]]''. Kerlin taught English at several schools, and was fired from three in a row for his activism.
'''Robert Thomas Kerlin''' (March 22, 1866{{Spaced en dash}}February 21, 1950) was an American educator, minister, and civil rights activist. He authored several books and edited the 1920 anthology ''[[The Voice of the Negro (book)|The Voice of the Negro]]'' and the 1923 poetry anthology ''[[Negro Poets and Their Poems]]''. Kerlin taught English at several schools, and was fired from three in a row for his activism.


== Early and personal life ==
== Early and personal life ==
Born on March 22, 1866,<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|date=1950|title=Robert Thomas Kerlin|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2715870|journal=The Journal of Negro History|volume=35|issue=2|pages=230–232|doi=10.1086/JNHv35n2p230|jstor=2715870|s2cid=224834504|issn=0022-2992}}</ref> to John Lindsay Kerlin and Nancy Jeffries Kerlin<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=1950-02-22|title=Robert T. Kerlin dies|pages=24|work=The Cumberland News|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19441770/robert-t-kerlin-dies/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-20|via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{open access}}}}</ref> in [[Harrison County, Missouri|Newcastle, Missouri]].<ref name=":0" /> His parents had owned one slave.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|date=1946|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44174631|journal=Negro History Bulletin|volume=10|issue=2|pages=35–47|jstor=44174631|issn=0028-2529|title=Robert Thomas Kerlin Still Active at Eighty-One}}</ref> Kerlin first received higher education at [[Central Methodist University|Central College]] in Missouri. He then attended [[Johns Hopkins University]], the [[University of Chicago]], and [[Harvard University]]<ref name=":0" /> before graduating from [[Yale University]] with a [[PhD]].<ref name=":1" /> Kerlin spent some time out of the country.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Knight|first=Lucian Lamar|url=http://archive.org/details/biographicaldict00knig|chapter=Kerlin, Robert Thomas
Robert Thomas Kerlin was born on March 22, 1866,<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|date=1950|title=Robert Thomas Kerlin|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2715870|journal=[[The Journal of Negro History]]|volume=35|issue=2|pages=230–232|doi=10.1086/JNHv35n2p230|jstor=2715870|s2cid=224834504|issn=0022-2992}}</ref> to John Lindsay Kerlin and Nancy Jeffries Kerlin<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=February 22, 1950|title=Robert T. Kerlin dies|pages=24|newspaper=[[The Cumberland News]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19441770/robert-t-kerlin-dies/|access-date=February 20, 2021|via=[[Newspapers.com]] }}</ref> in [[Harrison County, Missouri|Newcastle, Missouri]].<ref name=":0" /> His parents had owned one slave.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|date=1946|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44174631|journal=Negro History Bulletin|volume=10|issue=2|pages=35–47|jstor=44174631|issn=0028-2529|title=Robert Thomas Kerlin Still Active at Eighty-One}}</ref> Kerlin first received higher education at [[Central Methodist University|Central College]] in Missouri. He then attended [[Johns Hopkins University]], the [[University of Chicago]], and [[Harvard University]]<ref name=":0" /> before graduating from [[Yale University]] with a [[PhD]].<ref name=":1" /> Kerlin spent some time out of the country.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Knight|first=Lucian Lamar|url=https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict00knig|chapter=Kerlin, Robert Thomas
|title=Biographical dictionary of Southern authors|date=1978|location=Detroit |publisher= Gale Research Co.|isbn=978-0-8103-4269-9|pages=237|url-access=registration}}</ref> He was a Quaker.<ref name=":1" /> On July 10, 1907,<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Leonard|first1=John William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-YIY3-EZaUC&pg=PA1307|title=Who's who in America|last2=Marquis|first2=Albert Nelson|date=1914|publisher=A.N. Marquis|pages=1307|language=en}}</ref> Kerlin married Adeline Koster Kerlin. They had three daughters.<ref name=":1" />
|title=Biographical dictionary of Southern authors|date=1978|location=Detroit |publisher=[[Gale Research Co.]]|isbn=978-0-8103-4269-9|pages=237|url-access=registration}}</ref> He was a Quaker.<ref name=":1" /> On July 10, 1907,<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|last1=Leonard|first1=John William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-YIY3-EZaUC&pg=PA1307|title=Who's who in America|last2=Marquis|first2=Albert Nelson|date=1914|publisher=A.N. Marquis|pages=1307|language=en}}</ref> Kerlin married Adeline Koster Kerlin. They had three daughters.<ref name=":1" />


== Career ==
== Career ==
For four years, beginning in 1890, Kerlin taught English at [[Missouri Valley College]]. He left the college to join the [[Methodist Episcopal Church, South]], as a minister. Kerlin worked there until 1898,<ref name=":0" /> when he became involved in the [[Spanish–American War]] in 1898 as a [[chaplain]],<ref name=":1" /> accompanying the Third Missouri Volunteers. When the war ended he returned to teaching English.<ref name=":0" />
For four years, beginning in 1890, Kerlin taught English at [[Missouri Valley College]]. He left the college to join the [[Methodist Episcopal Church, South]], as a minister. Kerlin worked there until 1898,<ref name=":0" /> when he became involved in the [[Spanish–American War]] in 1898 as a [[chaplain]],<ref name=":1" /> accompanying the Third Missouri Volunteers. When the war ended he returned to teaching English.<ref name=":0" />


Kerlin worked at a number of schools in the decade that followed: Missouri Valley College (1901{{En dash}}1902), [[Southwestern University]] (1902{{En dash}}1903), [[University of Central Missouri|State Normal School at Warrensburg, Missouri]] (1903{{En dash}}1906), Yale University (1906{{En dash}}1907, as an instructor), [[Longwood University|State Normal School at Farmville]] (1908{{En dash}}1910).<ref name=":0" /> From 1906 to 1907 he was an associate editor of [[The Arena (magazine)|''The Arena'']].<ref name=":0" />
Kerlin worked at a number of schools in the decade that followed: Missouri Valley College (1901{{En dash}}1902), [[Southwestern University]] (1902{{En dash}}1903), [[University of Central Missouri|State Normal School at Warrensburg, Missouri]] (1903{{En dash}}1906), Yale University (1906{{En dash}}1907, as an instructor), and [[Longwood University|State Normal School at Farmville]] (1908{{En dash}}1910).<ref name=":0" /> From 1906 to 1907 he was an associate editor of [[The Arena (magazine)|''The Arena'']].<ref name=":0" />
[[File:Robert_T._Kerlin_in_Verdun.jpg|thumb|Kerlin in [[Verdun, France]]]]
[[File:Robert T. Kerlin in Verdun.jpg|thumb|Kerlin in [[Verdun, France]]]]
Kerlin was also a member of the [[NAACP]]. In 1910<ref name=":0" /> he was hired to teach English at the [[Virginia Military Institute]]. While teaching there, he published ''[[The Voice of the Negro (book)|The Voice of the Negro]],<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|date=1921-08-25|title=Robert T. Kerlin. NAACP explains firing|pages=1|work=The Bystander|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19441080/robert-t-kerlin-naacp-explains-firing/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-20|via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{open access}}}}</ref>'' an anthology of writings from [[African-American newspapers]] centering around the [[Red Summer]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0L0ULjto_OEC&pg=PT1368|title=[[Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance]]|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|editor-last=Wintz|editor-first=Cary D.|pages=661–662|chapter=Kerlin, Robert|editor-last2=Finkelman|editor-first2=Paul|isbn=0-8160-4539-9 }}</ref> When [[World War I]] ended Kerlin taught at the [[American Expeditionary Forces]] University.<ref name=":1" /> followed by the poetry anthology ''[[Negro Poets and Their Poems]]''.''<ref name=":1" />'' In 1921,<ref name=":3" /> Kerlin wrote an [[open letter]]<ref name=":2" /> to [[Thomas C. McRae]], the [[governor of Arkansas]], requesting that he review the cases of several black farmers who had been sentenced to death following the [[Elaine massacre|Elain massacre]]. The farmers had been convicted of instigating the riot, but Kerlin argued they had acted in self-defense under attack. He wrote that "The time will come when the world with full knowledge of this will be revolted by such Congo barbarity." After the letter was written and published in ''[[The Nation]]'', the Board of Visitors of Virginia Military Institute asked for his resignation. He refused, and the school fired him.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite book|editor-last1=Du Bois|editor-first1=William Edward Burghardt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KqMTAAAAYAAJ&q=%22robert+t.+Kerlin%22&pg=RA1-PA10|title=The Crisis|date=1921|publisher=Crisis Publishing Company|pages=10|language=en|author-link=W. E. B. Du Bois}}</ref>
Kerlin was also a member of the [[NAACP]]. In 1910<ref name=":0" /> he was hired to teach English at the [[Virginia Military Institute]]. While teaching there, he published ''[[The Voice of the Negro (book)|The Voice of the Negro]],<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|date=August 25, 1921|title=Robert T. Kerlin. NAACP explains firing|pages=1|work=[[The Bystander]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19441080/robert-t-kerlin-naacp-explains-firing/|access-date=February 20, 2021|via=[[Newspapers.com]] }}</ref>'' an anthology of writings from [[African-American newspapers]] centering around the [[Red Summer]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0L0ULjto_OEC&pg=PT1368|title=[[Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance]]|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2004|editor-last=Wintz|editor-first=Cary D.|pages=661–662|chapter=Kerlin, Robert|editor-last2=Finkelman|editor-first2=Paul|isbn=0-8160-4539-9 }}</ref> When [[World War I]] ended Kerlin taught at the [[American Expeditionary Forces]] University.<ref name=":1" /> He edited the 1923 poetry anthology ''[[Negro Poets and Their Poems]]''.''<ref name=":1" />''


In 1921,<ref name=":3" /> Kerlin wrote an [[open letter]]<ref name=":2" /> to [[Thomas C. McRae]], the [[Governor of Arkansas]], requesting that he review the cases of several black farmers who had been sentenced to death following the [[Elaine massacre]]. The farmers had been convicted of instigating the riot, but Kerlin argued they had acted in self-defense under attack. He wrote that "The time will come when the world with full knowledge of this will be revolted by such Congo barbarity." After the letter was written and published in ''[[The Nation]]'', the Board of Visitors of Virginia Military Institute asked for his resignation. He refused, and the school fired him.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Du Bois|first=William Edward Burghardt|author-link=W. E. B. Du Bois|date=1921|title=Robert T. Kerlin|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_crisis_1921-11_23_1/page/10/mode/1up?q=kerlin|journal=[[The Crisis]]|language=en|publisher=[[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People]]|volume=23|issue=1|pages=10|issn=1559-1573}}</ref>
⚫
After he was fired from Virginia, Kerlin found employment as a lecturer<ref name=":2" /> and at [[West Chester University]] in Pennsylvania in 1922.<ref name=":0" /> He joined the [[American Federation of Teachers]] (CIO) soon after its formation.<ref name=":1" /> From 1922 to 1927 he had also brief stints teaching at the [[Philadelphia Labor College]], [[Lincoln University (Pennsylvania)|Lincoln University]], and [[Western Maryland College]].<ref name=":0" /> Kerlin was fired from his job at West Chester University after five years for "being too friendly with Negroes and for having radical views with respect to the social order."<ref name=":2" /> Kerlin wrote in ''[[The Reading Times]]'' that he was fired for criticizing [[Calvin Coolidge]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=1927-04-16|title=Kerlin Blames His Ousting On Criticism of Coolidge|pages=2|work=Reading Times|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/71565973/kerlin-blames-his-ousting-on-criticism/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-20|via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{open access}}}}</ref> He was hired to teach at [[Potomac State College of West Virginia University|Potomac State College]] in West Virginia. He was eventually forced to retire,<ref name=":0" /> for similar reasons. In retirement, Kerlin moved to [[Cumberland, Maryland]].<ref name=":2" />

⚫
After he was fired from Virginia, Kerlin found employment as a lecturer<ref name=":2" /> and at [[West Chester University]] in Pennsylvania in 1922.<ref name=":0" /> He joined the [[American Federation of Teachers]] (CIO) soon after its formation.<ref name=":1" /> From 1922 to 1927 he also had brief stints teaching at the [[Philadelphia Labor College]], [[Lincoln University (Pennsylvania)|Lincoln University]], and [[Western Maryland College]].<ref name=":0" /> Kerlin was fired from his job at West Chester University after five years for "being too friendly with Negroes and for having radical views with respect to the social order."<ref name=":2" /> Kerlin wrote in ''[[The Reading Times]]'' that he was fired for criticizing [[Calvin Coolidge]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=April 16, 1927|title=Kerlin Blames His Ousting On Criticism of Coolidge|pages=2|newspaper=Reading Times|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/71565973/kerlin-blames-his-ousting-on-criticism/|access-date=February 20, 2021|via=[[Newspapers.com]] }}</ref> He was hired to teach at [[Potomac State College of West Virginia University|Potomac State College]] in West Virginia. He was eventually forced to retire,<ref name=":0" /> for similar reasons. In retirement, Kerlin moved to [[Cumberland, Maryland]].<ref name=":2" />


Kerlin edited the CIO's western Maryland news for three years beginning in 1943. He taught at the Cumberland Labor College during [[World War II]], which he had also founded. Kerlin was involved in the formation of Cumberland's chapter of the [[Progressive Citizens of America]], a socialist political group. He also served as its first chairman in September 1947. He left the group the following year after it announced its support for [[Henry A. Wallace]]'s 1948 campaign for the presidency. That year Kerlin was a nominee of the [[Socialist Party of America]] to be a member of the [[United States Electoral College]].<ref name=":1" />
Kerlin edited the CIO's western Maryland news for three years beginning in 1943. He taught at the Cumberland Labor College during [[World War II]], which he had also founded. Kerlin was involved in the formation of Cumberland's chapter of the [[Progressive Citizens of America]], a socialist political group. He also served as its first chairman in September 1947. He left the group the following year after it announced its support for [[Henry A. Wallace]]'s 1948 campaign for the presidency. That year Kerlin was a nominee of the [[Socialist Party of America]] to be a member of the [[United States Electoral College]].<ref name=":1" />


Kerlin picketed movie theaters in Cumberland, protesting segregation of the theaters, particularly when the film [[Pinky (film)|''Pinky'']] was released. ''[[The Journal of Negro History]]'' wrote that "it may be that such exposure at his advanced age was the immediate cause of his death."<ref name=":0" /> Kerlin died on February 21, 1950 at 7:45 p.m. in Cumberland, Maryland. His death was due to a heart attack.<ref name=":1" />
Kerlin picketed movie theaters in Cumberland, protesting segregation of the theaters, particularly when the film [[Pinky (film)|''Pinky'']] was released in 1949. ''[[The Journal of Negro History]]'' wrote that "it may be that such exposure at his advanced age was the immediate cause of his death."<ref name=":0" /> Kerlin died on February 21, 1950, in Cumberland, Maryland. His death was due to a heart attack.<ref name=":1" />


== Literature ==
== Literature ==


* ''Mainly for Myself'' (1897)
* ''Mainly for Myself'' (1897)<ref name=":4" />
* ''The Camp Life of the Third Regiment'' (1898)
* ''The Camp Life of the Third Regiment'' (1898)<ref name=":5" />
* ''The Church of the Fathers'' (1901)
* ''The Church of the Fathers'' (1901)<ref name=":5" />
* ''Theocritus in English Literature'' (1909)
* ''Theocritus in English Literature'' (1909)<ref name=":5" />
* ''Milton's Minor Poems''
* ''Milton's Minor Poems'' (editor)<ref name=":5" />
* ''[[The Voice of the Negro (book)|The Voice of the Negro]]'' (1920, editor)
* ''[[The Voice of the Negro (book)|The Voice of the Negro]]'' (1920, editor)<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal|last=Detweiler|first=Frederick G.|date=July 1, 1921|title=The Voice of the Negro|url=https://archive.org/details/jstor-2764524|journal=[[The American Journal of Sociology]]|pages=115–116|doi=10.1086/213282 }}</ref>
* ''Contemporary Poetry of the Negro'' (1921, editor)
* ''Contemporary Poetry of the Negro'' (1921, editor)<ref name=":4" />
* ''[[Negro Poets and Their Poems]]'' (1923, editor)
* ''[[Negro Poets and Their Poems]]'' (1923, editor)<ref name=":4" />


== References ==
== References ==
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{{authority control}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kerlin, Robert T.}}
[[Category:1866 births]]
[[Category:1950 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Harrison County, Missouri]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Missouri]]
[[Category:Central Methodist University alumni]]
[[Category:Johns Hopkins University people]]
[[Category:Yale University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Chicago people]]
[[Category:American civil rights activists]]
[[Category:American civil rights activists]]
[[Category:Writers from Missouri]]
[[Category:Missouri socialists]]
[[Category:Maryland socialists]]
[[Category:Potomac State College of West Virginia University faculty]]
[[Category:People from Cumberland, Maryland]]
[[Category:West Chester University faculty]]
[[Category:Virginia Military Institute faculty]]
[[Category:American military chaplains]]
[[Category:American military personnel of the Spanish–American War]]

Latest revision as of 20:11, 29 April 2024

Robert T. Kerlin
Kerlin in 1918 at the Virginia Military Institute
BornMarch 22, 1866
Newcastle, Missouri, US
DiedFebruary 21, 1950(1950-02-21) (aged 83)
Cumberland, Maryland, US
Known forCivil rights activism, socialist activism, English teaching

Robert Thomas Kerlin (March 22, 1866 – February 21, 1950) was an American educator, minister, and civil rights activist. He authored several books and edited the 1920 anthology The Voice of the Negro and the 1923 poetry anthology Negro Poets and Their Poems. Kerlin taught English at several schools, and was fired from three in a row for his activism.

Early and personal life

[edit]

Robert Thomas Kerlin was born on March 22, 1866,[1] to John Lindsay Kerlin and Nancy Jeffries Kerlin[2] in Newcastle, Missouri.[1] His parents had owned one slave.[3] Kerlin first received higher education at Central College in Missouri. He then attended Johns Hopkins University, the University of Chicago, and Harvard University[1] before graduating from Yale University with a PhD.[2] Kerlin spent some time out of the country.[4] He was a Quaker.[2] On July 10, 1907,[5] Kerlin married Adeline Koster Kerlin. They had three daughters.[2]

Career

[edit]

For four years, beginning in 1890, Kerlin taught English at Missouri Valley College. He left the college to join the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, as a minister. Kerlin worked there until 1898,[1] when he became involved in the Spanish–American War in 1898 as a chaplain,[2] accompanying the Third Missouri Volunteers. When the war ended he returned to teaching English.[1]

Kerlin worked at a number of schools in the decade that followed: Missouri Valley College (1901–1902), Southwestern University (1902–1903), State Normal School at Warrensburg, Missouri (1903–1906), Yale University (1906–1907, as an instructor), and State Normal School at Farmville (1908–1910).[1] From 1906 to 1907 he was an associate editor of The Arena.[1]

Kerlin in Verdun, France

Kerlin was also a member of the NAACP. In 1910[1] he was hired to teach English at the Virginia Military Institute. While teaching there, he published The Voice of the Negro,[2][6] an anthology of writings from African-American newspapers centering around the Red Summer.[7] When World War I ended Kerlin taught at the American Expeditionary Forces University.[2] He edited the 1923 poetry anthology Negro Poets and Their Poems.[2]

In 1921,[6] Kerlin wrote an open letter[3] to Thomas C. McRae, the Governor of Arkansas, requesting that he review the cases of several black farmers who had been sentenced to death following the Elaine massacre. The farmers had been convicted of instigating the riot, but Kerlin argued they had acted in self-defense under attack. He wrote that "The time will come when the world with full knowledge of this will be revolted by such Congo barbarity." After the letter was written and published in The Nation, the Board of Visitors of Virginia Military Institute asked for his resignation. He refused, and the school fired him.[6][7][8]

After he was fired from Virginia, Kerlin found employment as a lecturer[3] and at West Chester University in Pennsylvania in 1922.[1] He joined the American Federation of Teachers (CIO) soon after its formation.[2] From 1922 to 1927 he also had brief stints teaching at the Philadelphia Labor College, Lincoln University, and Western Maryland College.[1] Kerlin was fired from his job at West Chester University after five years for "being too friendly with Negroes and for having radical views with respect to the social order."[3] Kerlin wrote in The Reading Times that he was fired for criticizing Calvin Coolidge.[9] He was hired to teach at Potomac State College in West Virginia. He was eventually forced to retire,[1] for similar reasons. In retirement, Kerlin moved to Cumberland, Maryland.[3]

Kerlin edited the CIO's western Maryland news for three years beginning in 1943. He taught at the Cumberland Labor College during World War II, which he had also founded. Kerlin was involved in the formation of Cumberland's chapter of the Progressive Citizens of America, a socialist political group. He also served as its first chairman in September 1947. He left the group the following year after it announced its support for Henry A. Wallace's 1948 campaign for the presidency. That year Kerlin was a nominee of the Socialist Party of America to be a member of the United States Electoral College.[2]

Kerlin picketed movie theaters in Cumberland, protesting segregation of the theaters, particularly when the film Pinky was released in 1949. The Journal of Negro History wrote that "it may be that such exposure at his advanced age was the immediate cause of his death."[1] Kerlin died on February 21, 1950, in Cumberland, Maryland. His death was due to a heart attack.[2]

Literature

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Robert Thomas Kerlin". The Journal of Negro History. 35 (2): 230–232. 1950. doi:10.1086/JNHv35n2p230. ISSN 0022-2992. JSTOR 2715870. S2CID 224834504.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Robert T. Kerlin dies". The Cumberland News. February 22, 1950. p. 24. Retrieved February 20, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Robert Thomas Kerlin Still Active at Eighty-One". Negro History Bulletin. 10 (2): 35–47. 1946. ISSN 0028-2529. JSTOR 44174631.
  4. ^ Knight, Lucian Lamar (1978). "Kerlin, Robert Thomas". Biographical dictionary of Southern authors. Detroit: Gale Research Co. p. 237. ISBN 978-0-8103-4269-9.
  5. ^ a b c d e Leonard, John William; Marquis, Albert Nelson (1914). Who's who in America. A.N. Marquis. p. 1307.
  6. ^ a b c "Robert T. Kerlin. NAACP explains firing". The Bystander. August 25, 1921. p. 1. Retrieved February 20, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. ^ a b c d e Wintz, Cary D.; Finkelman, Paul, eds. (2004). "Kerlin, Robert". Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance. Routledge. pp. 661–662. ISBN 0-8160-4539-9.
  8. ^ Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt (1921). "Robert T. Kerlin". The Crisis. 23 (1). National Association for the Advancement of Colored People: 10. ISSN 1559-1573.
  9. ^ "Kerlin Blames His Ousting On Criticism of Coolidge". Reading Times. April 16, 1927. p. 2. Retrieved February 20, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ^ Detweiler, Frederick G. (July 1, 1921). "The Voice of the Negro". The American Journal of Sociology: 115–116. doi:10.1086/213282.
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