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{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
⚫
| image = Fundulopanchax gardneri.png
| image_caption = Fundulopanchax gardneri, adult male
| image = Fundulopanchax gardneri.jpg
| image_caption = Two individuals of the nigerianus population exhibiting [[Sexual dimorphism]]
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
⚫
| taxon = Fundulopanchax gardneri
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| authority = ([[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1911)
| classis = [[Actinopterygii]]
| status = NT
| ordo = [[Cyprinodontiformes]]
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| familia = [[Nothobranchiidae]]
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Olaosebikan, B.D. |date=2020 |title=''Fundulopanchax gardneri'' |volume=2020 |page=e.T182030A134759395 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T182030A134759395.en |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>
| genus = ''[[Fundulopanchax]]''
| synonyms = {{Specieslist
| species = '''''F. gardneri'''''
|Fundulus gardneri|Boulenger, 1911
| subspecies = ''F. g. lacustris''<br/>''F. g. mamfensis''<br/>''F. g. nigerianus''
|Aphyosemion gardneri|(Boulenger, 1911)
| binomial = ''Fundulopanchax gardneri''
| binomial_authority = ([[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1911)
|Haplochilus brucii|Boulenger, 1911
|Aphyosemion brucii|(Boulenger, 1911)
| synonyms = ''Aphyosemion brucii'' <small>(Boulenger, 1911)</small><br/>''A. gardneri'' <small>(Boulenger, 1911)</small><br/>''Fundulus gardneri'' <small>(Boulenger, 1911)</small><br/>''A. brucei'' <small>(Boulenger, 1911)</small><br/>''Haplochilus brucii'' <small>(Boulenger, 1911)</small><br/>''A. calliurum'' <small>(non Boulenger, 1911)</small><br/>''A. calliurum ahli'' <small>(non [[Frank Jacob Myers|Myers]], 1933)</small><br/>''A. gardneri nigerianum'' <small>(non [[Robert Theodore Clausen|Clausen]], 1933)</small><br/>''A. nigerianum'' <small>(non Clausen, 1933)</small><br/>''A. gardneri obuduense'' <small>(non Wright & Jeremy, 1974)</small><br/>''A. obuduense'' <small>(non Wright & Jeremy, 1974)</small><br/>''A. claudeni'' <small>[[Jørgen Scheel|Scheel]], 1975</small><br/>''A. gardneri claudeni'' <small>Scheel, 1975</small><br/>''A. meridionale'' <small>[[Maurice Kottelat|Kottelat]], 1976</small>
|Aphyosemion nigerianum|[[Herluf Stenholt Clausen|Clausen]], 1963
|Aphyosemion obuduense|Wright & Jeremy, 1974
|Aphyosemion meridionale|[[Maurice Kottelat|Kottelat]], 1976
}}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase|Fundulopanchax|gardneri|month=August|year=2019}}</ref>
}}
}}


'''Blue lyretail''' (''Fundulopanchax gardneri''),<ref>{{ITIS |id=646985 |taxon=''Fundulopanchax gardneri''}}</ref> also known as '''steel-blue aphyosemion''' and '''Gardner's killi'''. It is a [[species]] of [[killifish]] that inhabits the tributary streams and marshes of the [[Benue River|Benue]] and [[Cross River (Nigeria)|Cross River]] basins of [[Nigeria]] and [[Cameroon]]. It occurs in both [[savanna]] and [[forest]]ed regions. Like the '''lyretail panchax''' (''[[Aphyosemion australe]]''), it has become a popular [[species]] in [[aquarium]]s. [[Reproduction|Breeding]] pairs of the blue lyretail most often lay their [[Egg (biology)|eggs]] over the bottom, but occasionally also among the roots of free-floating [[aquatic plant]]s. Pairs stay close for some time, with just a few eggs being produced each day.
The '''blue lyretail''' ('''''Fundulopanchax gardneri'''''),<ref>{{ITIS |id=646985 |taxon=''Fundulopanchax gardneri''}}</ref> also known as the '''Gardner's killi''' and formerly as the '''steel-blue aphyosemion''', is a [[species]] of [[killifish]]. It is endemic to freshwater habitats in Nigeria and Cameroon.


== Subspecies ==
==Description==
Blue lyretails are [[sexual dimorphism|sexually dimorphic]]. The males are more colourful than the females and have wavy lines of red spots which run along its body. The outer margins of the [[dorsal fin|dorsal]], [[anal fin|anal]] and [[caudal fin]]s are tinted with yellow. The females are less brightly coloured and have brown spots rather than red.<ref name = Aqua>{{cite web | url = https://en.aqua-fish.net/fish/blue-lyretail | title = Blue lyretail - Fundulopanchax gardneri gardneri | access-date = 31 August 2019 | publisher = Aqua.net}}</ref> They grow to a maximum [[Fish measurement|total length]] of {{convert|6.5|cm|in}}.<ref name = Fishbase/>

==Distribution==
The blue lyretail inhabits the tributary streams and marshes of the [[Benue River|Benue]] and [[Cross River (Nigeria)|Cross River]] basins of Nigeria and Cameroon.

==Habitat and biology==
The blue lyretail occurs in both [[savanna]] and forested regions.<ref name = Fishbase/> The males are larger, more colourful and have larger extendable fins than the females. The males are [[Territoriality|territorial]]. The waterbodies in which this species occurs are of an unpredictable nature and it has evolved a [[Spawn (biology)|spawning]] strategy which is frequently referred to as a "switch" or "semi-annual" breeding strategy. This means that the eggs can survive a period of drying but that they are also viable when permanently submerged. Submerged eggs normally hatch in around 14–21 days depending on the temperature of the water.<ref name = SF>{{cite web | url = http://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/fundulopanchax-gardneri-gardneri/ | title = ''Fundulopanchax gardneri'' (BOULENGER, 1911) Steel-blue Killifish | access-date = 31 August 2019 | publisher = Seriously Fish}}</ref> The eggs are laid on the bottom.<ref name = Fishbase/>

== Taxonomy ==
''Fundulopanchax gardneri'' originally [[Species description|described]] in 1911 as ''Fundulus gardneri'' by George Albert Boulenger with the [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] given as Okwoga in the headwaters of Cross River, Nigeria.<ref name="CofF">{{Cof record|spid=14234|title=''Fundulus gardneri''|access-date=30 August 2019}}</ref> The [[Type (biology)|type]] was collected by a Captain R.D. Gardner who is honoured in the [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]].<ref name="ETYFish">{{cite web | url = http://www.etyfish.org/cyprinodontiformes1/ | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | author1 = Christopher Scharpf | author2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | date = 31 May 2019 | title= Order CYPRINODONTIFORMES: Families APLOCHEILIDAE and NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE | access-date = 31 August 2019 | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara}}</ref>

=== Subspecies ===
There are several valid [[subspecies]]:
There are several valid [[subspecies]]:
* Blue lyretail – ''Fundulopanchax gardneri gardneri'' ([[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1911)<ref>{{FishBase_species_alt|ID=9739|taxon=''Fundulopanchax gardneri gardneri''|year=2007|month=May}}</ref>
* Blue lyretail – ''Fundulopanchax gardneri gardneri'' <small>([[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1911)</small><ref>{{FishBase_species_alt|ID=9739|taxon=''Fundulopanchax gardneri gardneri''|year=2007|month=May}}</ref>
* [[Ekoi people|Ejagham]] killi – ''Fundulopanchax gardneri lacustris'' ([[Roger W. Langton|Langton]], 1974)<ref>{{FishBase_species_alt|ID=56565|taxon=''Fundulopanchax gardneri lacustris''|year=2007|month=May}}</ref>
* Ejagham killi – ''Fundulopanchax gardneri lacustris'' <small>([[Roger W. Langton|Langton]], 1974)</small><ref>{{FishBase_species_alt|ID=56565|taxon=''Fundulopanchax gardneri lacustris''|year=2007|month=May}}</ref>
* [[Mamfe]] killi – ''Fundulopanchax gardneri mamfensis'' ([[Alfred C. Radda|Radda]], 1974)<ref>{{FishBase_species_alt|ID=56567|taxon=''Fundulopanchax gardneri mamfensis''|year=2007|month=May}}</ref>
* Mamfe killi – ''Fundulopanchax gardneri mamfensis'' <small>([[Alfred C. Radda|Radda]], 1974)</small><ref>{{FishBase_species_alt|ID=56567|taxon=''Fundulopanchax gardneri mamfensis''|year=2007|month=May}}</ref>
* Nigerian killi – ''Fundulopanchax gardneri nigerianus'' ([[Herluf Stenholt Clausen|Clausen]], 1963)<ref>{{FishBase_species_alt|ID=53747|taxon=''Fundulopanchax gardneri nigerianus''|year=2007|month=May}}</ref>
* Nigerian killi – ''Fundulopanchax gardneri nigerianus'' <small>([[Herluf Stenholt Clausen|Clausen]], 1963)</small><ref>{{FishBase_species_alt|ID=53747|taxon=''Fundulopanchax gardneri nigerianus''|year=2007|month=May}}</ref>


[[Image:Fundulopanchax_gardneri_nigerianus_Makurdi.jpg|thumb|''Fundulopanchax gardneri nigerianus'' "Makurdi" – adult male from a locality near [[Makurdi]], [[Nigeria]]]]
[[Image:Fundulopanchax_gardneri_nigerianus_Makurdi.jpg|thumb|''Fundulopanchax gardneri nigerianus'' "Makurdi" – adult male from a locality near [[Makurdi]], [[Nigeria]]]]

==Human uses==
Blue lyretails are harvested for the [[Fish keeping|aquarium]] trade.<ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" /> They are apparently easy to maintain and breed although the males can be aggressive to other slower moving species.<ref name = FK>{{cite web | url = https://www.fishkeeping.co.uk/modules/caresheets/caresheet.php?caresheetID=197 | title = Steel Blue Killifish | access-date=31 August 2019 | publisher = Fishkeeping.co.uk}}</ref> Gardner's killifish are generally kept in species-only tank, as they social are prone to becoming sexually frustrated in the lack of females, where then they will attempt to mate with often unrelated tankmates{{cn|date=February 2022}}


== See also ==
== See also ==
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* UNEP-WCMC Protected Areas Programme – Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve
* UNEP-WCMC Protected Areas Programme – Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve


{{Taxonbar|from=Q2092830}}
{{Cyprinodontiformes-stub}}

[[Category:Fundulopanchax]]
[[Category:Animals described in 1911]]
[[Category:Fundulopanchax|Blue lyretail]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1911]]
[[Category:Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger]]
[[Category:Freshwater fish of Cameroon]]
[[Category:Freshwater fish of West Africa]]

Latest revision as of 08:05, 9 April 2024

Blue lyretail
Two individuals of the nigerianus population exhibiting Sexual dimorphism
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cyprinodontiformes
Family: Nothobranchiidae
Genus: Fundulopanchax
Species:
F. gardneri
Binomial name
Fundulopanchax gardneri
(Boulenger, 1911)
Synonyms[2]
  • Fundulus gardneri Boulenger, 1911
  • Aphyosemion gardneri (Boulenger, 1911)
  • Haplochilus brucii Boulenger, 1911
  • Aphyosemion brucii (Boulenger, 1911)
  • Aphyosemion nigerianum Clausen, 1963
  • Aphyosemion obuduense Wright & Jeremy, 1974
  • Aphyosemion meridionale Kottelat, 1976

The blue lyretail (Fundulopanchax gardneri),[3] also known as the Gardner's killi and formerly as the steel-blue aphyosemion, is a species of killifish. It is endemic to freshwater habitats in Nigeria and Cameroon.

Description

[edit]

Blue lyretails are sexually dimorphic. The males are more colourful than the females and have wavy lines of red spots which run along its body. The outer margins of the dorsal, anal and caudal fins are tinted with yellow. The females are less brightly coloured and have brown spots rather than red.[4] They grow to a maximum total length of 6.5 centimetres (2.6 in).[2]

Distribution

[edit]

The blue lyretail inhabits the tributary streams and marshes of the Benue and Cross River basins of Nigeria and Cameroon.

Habitat and biology

[edit]

The blue lyretail occurs in both savanna and forested regions.[2] The males are larger, more colourful and have larger extendable fins than the females. The males are territorial. The waterbodies in which this species occurs are of an unpredictable nature and it has evolved a spawning strategy which is frequently referred to as a "switch" or "semi-annual" breeding strategy. This means that the eggs can survive a period of drying but that they are also viable when permanently submerged. Submerged eggs normally hatch in around 14–21 days depending on the temperature of the water.[5] The eggs are laid on the bottom.[2]

Taxonomy

[edit]

Fundulopanchax gardneri originally described in 1911 as Fundulus gardneri by George Albert Boulenger with the type locality given as Okwoga in the headwaters of Cross River, Nigeria.[6] The type was collected by a Captain R.D. Gardner who is honoured in the specific name.[7]

Subspecies

[edit]

There are several valid subspecies:

  • Blue lyretail – Fundulopanchax gardneri gardneri (Boulenger, 1911)[8]
  • Ejagham killi – Fundulopanchax gardneri lacustris (Langton, 1974)[9]
  • Mamfe killi – Fundulopanchax gardneri mamfensis (Radda, 1974)[10]
  • Nigerian killi – Fundulopanchax gardneri nigerianus (Clausen, 1963)[11]
Fundulopanchax gardneri nigerianus "Makurdi" – adult male from a locality near Makurdi, Nigeria

Human uses

[edit]

Blue lyretails are harvested for the aquarium trade.[1] They are apparently easy to maintain and breed although the males can be aggressive to other slower moving species.[12] Gardner's killifish are generally kept in species-only tank, as they social are prone to becoming sexually frustrated in the lack of females, where then they will attempt to mate with often unrelated tankmates[citation needed]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Olaosebikan, B.D. (2020). "Fundulopanchax gardneri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T182030A134759395. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T182030A134759395.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Fundulopanchax gardneri". FishBase. August 2019 version.
  3. ^ "Fundulopanchax gardneri". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
  4. ^ "Blue lyretail - Fundulopanchax gardneri gardneri". Aqua.net. Retrieved 31 August 2019.
  5. ^ "Fundulopanchax gardneri (BOULENGER, 1911) Steel-blue Killifish". Seriously Fish. Retrieved 31 August 2019.
  6. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Fundulus gardneri". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
  7. ^ Christopher Scharpf; Kenneth J. Lazara (31 May 2019). "Order CYPRINODONTIFORMES: Families APLOCHEILIDAE and NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 31 August 2019.
  8. ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2007). Fundulopanchax gardneri gardneri in FishBase. May 2007 version.
  9. ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2007). Fundulopanchax gardneri lacustris in FishBase. May 2007 version.
  10. ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2007). Fundulopanchax gardneri mamfensis in FishBase. May 2007 version.
  11. ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2007). Fundulopanchax gardneri nigerianus in FishBase. May 2007 version.
  12. ^ "Steel Blue Killifish". Fishkeeping.co.uk. Retrieved 31 August 2019.
  • UNEP-WCMC Protected Areas Programme – Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve
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