Iliofemoral ligament: Difference between revisions

Iliofemoral
Iliofemoral
	Right hip-joint from the front. (Iliofemoral ligament visible at center.)
	Structures surrounding right hip-joint. (Iliofemoral ligament labeled at upper left.)
Details
From	ilium (anterior inferior iliac spine)
To	femur (intertrochanteric line)
Identifiers
Latin	ligamentum iliofemorale
TA98	A03.6.07.003
TA2	1875
FMA	42993
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

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Latest revision as of 15:44, 4 April 2024

The iliofemoral ligament is a thick and very tough triangular capsular ligament of the hip joint situated anterior to this joint. It attaches superiorly at the inferior portion of the anterior inferior iliac spine and adjacent portion of the margin of the acetabulum; it attaches inferiorly at the intertrochanteric line.^[1]

It is also referred to as the Y-ligament (see below). the ligament of Bigelow, the ligament of Bertin and any combinations of these names.

With a force strength exceeding 350 kg (772 lbs),^[2] the iliofemoral ligament is not only stronger than the two other ligaments of the hip joint, the ischiofemoral and the pubofemoral, but also the strongest ligament in the human body and as such is an important constraint to the hip joint.^[3]

Structure

The ligament is triangular in shape, with its apex represented by its pelvic attachment. The ligament has two though outer bands; it is thinner and weaker centrally.^[1] As the lateral portion is twisted like a screw, the two parts together take the form of an inverted Y.^[4]^{[verification needed]}

Arising from the anterior inferior iliac spine and the rim of the acetabulum, the iliofemoral ligament spreads obliquely downwards and laterally to the intertrochanteric line on the anterior side of the femoral head. It is divided into two parts or bands which act differently: the transverse part above, is strong and runs parallel to the axis of the femoral neck. The descending part below, is weaker and runs parallel to the femoral shaft.^[4]^{[verification needed]}

It is intimately connected with the joint capsule, and serves to strengthen the joint by resisting hyperextension. Its upper band is sometimes named the iliotrochanteric ligament. Between the two bands is a thinner part of the capsule. In some cases there is no division, and the ligament spreads out into a flat triangular band which is attached to the whole length of the intertrochanteric line.^{[citation needed]}

Function

In a standing posture, when the pelvis is tilted posteriorly, the ligament is twisted and tense, which prevents the trunk from falling backwards and the posture is maintained without the need for muscular activity. In this position the ligament also keeps the femoral head pressed into the acetabulum.^[4]

As the hip flexes, the tension in the ligament is reduced and the amount of possible rotations in the hip joint is increased, which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting angle. Lateral rotation and adduction in the hip joint is controlled by the strong transversal part, while the descending part limits medial rotation.^[4]

Turnout used in the classical ballet style requires a great deal of flexibility in this ligament. As does the front split where the rear leg is hyper-extended at the hip. Many externally rotate the rear leg while doing a front split, this external rotation when the hip is not flexed stretches the ligament even more. This "martial arts split" is distinguished by the rear knee pointing outward sideways (usually the foot along with it) rather than pointing straight down with the patella facing the floor, in a pure extension front split.

Additional images

Left hip-joint, opened by removing the floor of the acetabulum from within the pelvis.
The obturator externus.
A front split requires mobility in the ligament to adequately extend the rear hip joint.
Front oversplits require even more mobility to attain proper hip hyperextension.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 335 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ ^a ^b Palastanga, Nigel; Soames, Roger (2012). Anatomy and Human Movement: Structure and Function. Physiotherapy Essentials (6th ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. p. 290. ISBN 978-0-7020-3553-1.
^ Platzer, Werner (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol 1: Locomotor system (5th ed.). Thieme. p. 198. ISBN 3-13-533305-1.
^ Thieme Atlas of Anatomy. Thieme. 2006. p. 380. ISBN 3131420812.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Platzer, Werner (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol 1: Locomotor system (5th ed.). Thieme. p. 200. ISBN 3-13-533305-1.

External links

lljoints at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (hipjointanterior)
hip/hip%20ligaments/ligaments3 at the Dartmouth Medical School's Department of Anatomy

[:0-1] Palastanga, Nigel; Soames, Roger (2012). Anatomy and Human Movement: Structure and Function. Physiotherapy Essentials (6th ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. p. 290. ISBN 978-0-7020-3553-1.

[Platzer-198-2] Platzer, Werner (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol 1: Locomotor system (5th ed.). Thieme. p. 198. ISBN 3-13-533305-1.

[Thieme-Atlas-380-3] Thieme Atlas of Anatomy. Thieme. 2006. p. 380. ISBN 3131420812.

[Platzer-200-4] Platzer, Werner (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol 1: Locomotor system (5th ed.). Thieme. p. 200. ISBN 3-13-533305-1.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|Attaches hip to femur}}
 {{Infobox ligament
 | Name        = Iliofemoral
 | Latin       = ligamentum iliofemorale
-| GraySubject = 92
-| GrayPage    = 335
 | Image       = Gray339.png
 | Caption     = Right hip-joint from the front. (Iliofemoral ligament visible at center.)
@@ Line 10: / Line 9: @@
 | From        = [[Ilium (bone)|ilium]] ([[anterior inferior iliac spine]])
 | To          = [[femur]] ([[intertrochanteric line]])
-| MeshName    =
-| MeshNumber  =
-| DorlandsPre = l_09
-| DorlandsSuf = 12492337
 }}
+The '''iliofemoral ligament''' is a thick and very tough triangular capsular [[ligament]] of the [[hip joint]] situated anterior to this joint. It attaches superiorly at the inferior portion of the [[anterior inferior iliac spine]] and adjacent portion of the margin of the [[acetabulum]]; it attaches inferiorly at the [[intertrochanteric line]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Palastanga |first=Nigel |title=Anatomy and Human Movement: Structure and Function |last2=Soames |first2=Roger |date= |publisher=Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-7020-3553-1 |edition=6th |series=Physiotherapy Essentials |location=Edinburgh |pages=290}}</ref>
-The '''iliofemoral ligament''' is a [[ligament]] of the [[hip joint]] which extends from the [[Ilium (bone)|ilium]] to the [[femur]] in front of the joint.  It is also referred to as the '''Y-ligament''' (see below) or the '''ligament of [[Henry Jacob Bigelow|Bigelow]]''', and any combinations of these names.
+It is also referred to as the '''Y-ligament''' (see below). the '''ligament of [[Henry Jacob Bigelow|Bigelow]]''', the '''ligament of Bertin''' and any combinations of these names.
-With a tensile strength exceeding 350&nbsp;kg (772&nbsp;lbs),<ref name="Platzer-198">{{cite book
+With a force strength exceeding 350&nbsp;kg (772&nbsp;lbs),<ref name="Platzer-198">{{cite book
 | url     = https://books.google.com/books?id=eT282ocEwnQC&pg=PA380
 | title   = Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol 1: Locomotor system
@@ Line 32: / Line 29: @@
 ==Structure==
-Arising from the [[anterior inferior iliac spine]] and the rim of the [[acetabulum]], the iliofemoral ligament spreads obliquely downwards and laterally to the [[intertrochanteric line]] on the anterior side of the [[femur head|femoral head]].  It is divided into two parts or bands which act differently: the transverse part above, is strong and runs parallel to the axis of the [[femur neck|femoral neck]]. The descending part below, is weaker and runs parallel to the [[Body of femur|femoral shaft]].  As the lateral portion is twisted like a screw, the two parts together take the form of an inverted Y.<ref name="Platzer-200">{{cite book
+The ligament is triangular in shape, with its apex represented by its pelvic attachment. The ligament has two though outer bands; it is thinner and weaker centrally.<ref name=":0" /> As the lateral portion is twisted like a screw, the two parts together take the form of an inverted Y.<ref name="Platzer-200" />{{Verify source|date=August 2023}}
+Arising from the [[anterior inferior iliac spine]] and the rim of the [[acetabulum]], the iliofemoral ligament spreads obliquely downwards and laterally to the [[intertrochanteric line]] on the anterior side of the [[femur head|femoral head]].  It is divided into two parts or bands which act differently: the transverse part above, is strong and runs parallel to the axis of the [[femur neck|femoral neck]]. The descending part below, is weaker and runs parallel to the [[Body of femur|femoral shaft]].<ref name="Platzer-200">{{cite book
 | url     = https://books.google.com/books?id=eT282ocEwnQC&pg=PA380
 | title   = Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol 1: Locomotor system
@@ Line 39: / Line 38: @@
 | isbn    = 3-13-533305-1 | year = 2004
 | pages    = 200 <!-- (ISBN for the Americas 1-58890-159-9.) -->
+}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=August 2023}}
-}}</ref>
-It is intimately connected with the [[joint capsule]], and serves to strengthen the joint by resisting [[hyperextension]].  Its upper band is sometimes named the '''iliotrochanteric ligament'''.  Between the two bands is a thinner part of the capsule.  In some cases there is no division, and the ligament spreads out into a flat triangular band which is attached to the whole length of the intertrochanteric line.
+It is intimately connected with the [[joint capsule]], and serves to strengthen the joint by resisting [[hyperextension]].  Its upper band is sometimes named the '''iliotrochanteric ligament'''.  Between the two bands is a thinner part of the capsule.  In some cases there is no division, and the ligament spreads out into a flat triangular band which is attached to the whole length of the intertrochanteric line.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}
 ==Function==
@@ Line 53: / Line 52: @@
 <gallery>
  File:Gray341.png|Left hip-joint, opened by removing the floor of the acetabulum from within the pelvis.
- File:Gray436.png|The [[Obturator externus]].
+ File:Gray436.png|The [[obturator externus]].
- File:Splits (2108057658).jpg|A front split requires mobility in the ligament to adequately extend the rear hip joint.
+ File:Spagat gymnastics.jpg|A front split requires mobility in the ligament to adequately extend the rear hip joint.
  File:Överspagat.jpg|Front oversplits require even more mobility to attain proper hip hyperextension.
 </gallery>
@@ Line 60: / Line 59: @@
 ==References==
 {{Gray's}}
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist}}
 ==External links==
 * {{NormanAnatomy|lljoints}} ({{NormanAnatomyFig|hipjointanterior}})
+*  [http://www.dartmouth.edu/~anatomy/hip/hip%20ligaments/ligaments3.html hip/hip%20ligaments/ligaments3] at the [[Dartmouth Medical School]]'s Department of Anatomy
-* {{DartmouthAnatomy|hip/hip%20ligaments/ligaments3}}
 {{Joints of lower limbs}}
+{{Portal bar|Anatomy}}
+{{Authority control}}
 [[Category:Ligaments of the lower limb]]
-{{Portal bar|Anatomy}}