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{{Short description|British biochemist}}
{{redirect|Richard Synge|the Irish Anglican priest|Richard Synge (priest)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Richard Laurence Millington Synge
| name = Richard Laurence Millington Synge
| image = Richard Laurence Millington Synge.jpg
| image = Richard Laurence Millington Synge.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1914|10|28|df=yes}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1914|10|28}}
| birth_place = [[Liverpool]], [[England]]
| birth_place = [[Liverpool]], England
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1994|8|18|1914|10|28|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1994|8|18|1914|10|28}}
| death_place = [[Norwich]], [[England]]
| death_place = [[Norwich]], England
| nationality =
| nationality =
| residence =
| residence =
| field = [[biochemist]]
| field = [[biochemist]]
| alma_mater = [[Winchester College]]<br/>[[Trinity College, Cambridge]]
| alma_mater = [[Winchester College]]<br/>[[Trinity College, Cambridge]]
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| doctoral_students =
| work_institution =
| work_institution =
| known_for = [[chromatography]]
| known_for = [[chromatography]]
⚫
| prizes = [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] (1952)<br>[[John Price Wetherill Medal]] (1959)
|influences= [[John H. Humphrey]]
⚫
| prizes = [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] (1952)<br>[[John Price Wetherill Medal]] (1959)
}}
}}
'''Richard Laurence Millington Synge''' [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]]<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal | last1 = Gordon | first1 = H. | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1996.0028 | title = Richard Laurence Millington Synge. 28 October 1914-18 August 1994 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 42 | pages = 454–426 | year = 1996 | pmid = | jstor = 770220| pmc = }}</ref> ([[Liverpool]], 28 October 1914 – [[Norwich]], 18 August 1994) was a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[biochemist]], and shared the 1952 [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] for the invention of partition [[chromatography]] with [[Archer Martin]].
'''Richard Laurence Millington Synge''' [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]]<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal | last1 = Gordon | first1 = H. | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1996.0028 | title = Richard Laurence Millington Synge. 28 October 1914 – 18 August 1994 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 42 | pages = 454–479| year = 1996 | pmid = 11619340| jstor = 770220| doi-access = free }}</ref> [[FRSE]] FRIC FRSC MRIA ([[Liverpool]], 28 October 1914 – [[Norwich]], 18 August 1994) was a British [[biochemist]], and shared the 1952 [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] for the invention of partition [[chromatography]] with [[Archer Martin]].


==Life==
⚫
Synge was educated at [[Winchester College]] and [[Trinity College, Cambridge]]. He spent his entire career in research, at the [[Wool Industries Research Association]], Leeds (1941–1943), [[Lister Institute for Preventive Medicine]], London (1943–1948), [[Rowett Research Institute]], Aberdeen (1948–1967), and [[Institute of Food Research|Food Research Institute]], Norwich (1967–1976).<ref>{{cite web|title=Richard Lawrence Millington Synge|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/obits_alpha/synge_richard.pdf|publisher=Royal Society of Edinburgh|accessdate=25 August 2015}}</ref>
Richard Laurence Millington Synge was born in [[West Kirby]] on 28 October 1914, the son of Lawrence Millington Synge, a Liverpool stock-broker, and his wife, Katherine C. Swan.<ref>{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0-902-198-84-X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf}}</ref>


Synge was educated at the Old Hall in [[Wellington, Shropshire]] and at [[Winchester College]]. He then studied Chemistry at [[Trinity College, Cambridge]].
⚫
It was during his time in Leeds that he worked with [[Archer John Porter Martin|Archer Martin]], developing [[partition chromatography]], a technique used in the separation mixtures of similar chemicals, that revolutionized analytical chemistry.<ref>{{Cite journal| volume = 19| issue = 5| pages = 506–512| last = Ettre| first = C.| title = Milestones in Chromatography: The Birth of Partition Chromatography| journal = LCGC| accessdate = 2016-02-26| date = 2001| url = http://images.alfresco.advanstar.com/alfresco_images/pharma/2014/08/22/1598ed6f-5bbe-400b-bc08-ff07d2c59826/article-2090.pdf}}</ref> Between 1942 and 1948 he studied [[peptide]]s of the protein group [[gramicidin]], work later used by [[Frederick Sanger]] in determining the structure of [[insulin]]. In March 1950 he was elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] for which his candidature citation read:
⚫
{{quotation|Distinguished as a biochemist. Was the first to show the possibility of using counter-current liquid-liquid extraction in the separation of N-acetylamino acids. In collaboration with A.J.P. Martin this led to the development of partition chromatography, which they have applied with conspicuous success in problems related to the composition and structure of proteins, particularly wool keratin. Synge's recent work on the composition and structure of gramicidins is outstanding and illustrates vividly the great advances in technique for which he and Martin are responsible.|{{cite web |url=http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=1&dsqSearch=%28Surname%3D%27synge%27%29|title=Library and Archive catalogue|publisher= Royal Society}}}}


⚫
He spent his entire career in research, at the [[Wool Industries Research Association]], Leeds (1941–1943), [[Lister Institute for Preventive Medicine]], London (1943–1948), [[Rowett Research Institute]], Aberdeen (1948–1967), and [[Institute of Food Research|Food Research Institute]], Norwich (1967–1976).<ref>{{cite web|title=Richard Lawrence Millington Synge|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/obits_alpha/synge_richard.pdf|publisher=Royal Society of Edinburgh|access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref>
He was for several years the treasurer of the Chemical Information Group of the [[Royal Society of Chemistry]], and held a Professorship in Biological Sciences at the [[University of East Anglia]] from 1968–1984. In 1980 he received an [[Honorary degree|honorary doctorate]] from the Faculty of Mathematics and Science at [[Uppsala University]], [[Sweden]].<ref>http://www.uu.se/en/about-uu/traditions/prizes/honorary-doctorates/</ref>


⚫
It was during his time in [[Leeds]] that he worked with [[Archer John Porter Martin|Archer Martin]], developing [[partition chromatography]], a technique used in the separation mixtures of similar chemicals, that revolutionised analytical chemistry.<ref>{{Cite journal| volume = 19| issue = 5| pages = 506–512| last = Ettre| first = C.| title = Milestones in Chromatography: The Birth of Partition Chromatography| journal = LCGC| access-date = 26 February 2016|year = 2001| url = http://images.alfresco.advanstar.com/alfresco_images/pharma/2014/08/22/1598ed6f-5bbe-400b-bc08-ff07d2c59826/article-2090.pdf}}</ref> Between 1942 and 1948 he studied [[peptide]]s of the protein group [[gramicidin]], work later used by [[Frederick Sanger]] in determining the structure of [[insulin]]. In March 1950 he was elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] for which his candidature citation read:
⚫
{{blockquote|Distinguished as a biochemist. Was the first to show the possibility of using counter-current liquid-liquid extraction in the separation of N-acetylamino acids. In collaboration with A.J.P. Martin this led to the development of partition chromatography, which they have applied with conspicuous success in problems related to the composition and structure of proteins, particularly wool keratin. Synge's recent work on the composition and structure of gramicidins is outstanding and illustrates vividly the great advances in technique for which he and Martin are responsible.|{{cite web |url=http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=1&dsqSearch=%28Surname%3D%27synge%27%29|title=Library and Archive catalogue|publisher= Royal Society}}}}


In 1963 he was elected a Fellow of the [[Royal Society of Edinburgh]]. His proposers were [[Magnus Pyke]], [[A. T. Phillipson|Andrew Phillipson]], Sir [[David Cuthbertson]] and [[John Andrew Crichton]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0-902-198-84-X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf}}</ref>

He was for several years the treasurer of the Chemical Information Group of the [[Royal Society of Chemistry]], and was an honorary Professor in Biological Sciences at the [[University of East Anglia]] from 1968 to 1984. He was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science (ScD) from the [[University of East Anglia]] in 1977, and an honorary doctorate from the Faculty of Mathematics and Science at [[Uppsala University]], Sweden in 1980.<ref>{{cite web|title=Honorary Graduates of the University|url=https://portal.uea.ac.uk/documents/6207125/7409549/Honorary+Graduates+Of+UEA+%28updated+Nov13%29.pdf/a28a0862-1178-474e-b921-5f7621f6ed79|publisher=[[University of East Anglia]]|access-date=4 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uu.se/en/about-uu/traditions/prizes/honorary-doctorates/|title=Honorary doctorates – Uppsala University, Sweden|website=uu.se|access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref>

==Personal life==
In 1943 Synge married Ann Davies Stephen (1916–1997).<ref>{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0-902-198-84-X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf}}</ref> Ann Stephen was the daughter of psychologist [[Karin Stephen]] and psychoanalyst [[Adrian Stephen]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp96464/ann-davies-synge-nee-stephen|title=National Portrait Gallery: Adrian Stephen|access-date=28 July 2020}}</ref> Ann's sister Judith (1918-1972) was married to documentary artist and photographer [[Nigel Henderson (artist)|Nigel Henderson]].


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
* {{Nobelprize|name=Richard L.M. Synge}}
* Synge's [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1952/synge-bio.html Nobel Foundation biography]
* Synge's Nobel Lecture [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1952/synge-lecture.html Applications of Partition Chromatography]
* Synge's Nobel Lecture [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1952/synge-lecture.html Applications of Partition Chromatography]
⚫
*{{citation | title = Richard Laurence Millington Synge | author = Sidney Elsden | url = http://www.royalsoced.org.uk/fellowship/obits/obits_alpha/synge_richard.pdf
*{{cite journal
| date = 21 June 2016 }}
| title = Richard Laurence Millington Synge
| author = Sidney Elsden
| journal =
| volume =
| issue =
| pages =
| year =
⚫
| url = http://www.royalsoced.org.uk/fellowship/obits/obits_alpha/synge_richard.pdf
}}


{{Nobel Prize in Chemistry Laureates 1951-1975}}
{{Nobel Prize in Chemistry Laureates 1951-1975}}
{{1952 Nobel Prize winners}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=31485959}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Synge, Richard}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Synge, Richard}}

Latest revision as of 16:24, 22 March 2024

"Richard Synge" redirects here. For the Irish Anglican priest, see Richard Synge (priest).

Richard Laurence Millington Synge
Born(1914-10-28)28 October 1914
Liverpool, England
Died18 August 1994(1994-08-18) (aged 79)
Norwich, England
Alma materWinchester College
Trinity College, Cambridge
Known forchromatography
AwardsNobel Prize in Chemistry (1952)
John Price Wetherill Medal (1959)
Scientific career
Fieldsbiochemist

Richard Laurence Millington Synge FRS[1] FRSE FRIC FRSC MRIA (Liverpool, 28 October 1914 – Norwich, 18 August 1994) was a British biochemist, and shared the 1952 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the invention of partition chromatography with Archer Martin.

Life

[edit]

Richard Laurence Millington Synge was born in West Kirby on 28 October 1914, the son of Lawrence Millington Synge, a Liverpool stock-broker, and his wife, Katherine C. Swan.[2]

Synge was educated at the Old Hall in Wellington, Shropshire and at Winchester College. He then studied Chemistry at Trinity College, Cambridge.

He spent his entire career in research, at the Wool Industries Research Association, Leeds (1941–1943), Lister Institute for Preventive Medicine, London (1943–1948), Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen (1948–1967), and Food Research Institute, Norwich (1967–1976).[3]

It was during his time in Leeds that he worked with Archer Martin, developing partition chromatography, a technique used in the separation mixtures of similar chemicals, that revolutionised analytical chemistry.[4] Between 1942 and 1948 he studied peptides of the protein group gramicidin, work later used by Frederick Sanger in determining the structure of insulin. In March 1950 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society for which his candidature citation read:

Distinguished as a biochemist. Was the first to show the possibility of using counter-current liquid-liquid extraction in the separation of N-acetylamino acids. In collaboration with A.J.P. Martin this led to the development of partition chromatography, which they have applied with conspicuous success in problems related to the composition and structure of proteins, particularly wool keratin. Synge's recent work on the composition and structure of gramicidins is outstanding and illustrates vividly the great advances in technique for which he and Martin are responsible.

— "Library and Archive catalogue". Royal Society.

In 1963 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Magnus Pyke, Andrew Phillipson, Sir David Cuthbertson and John Andrew Crichton.[5]

He was for several years the treasurer of the Chemical Information Group of the Royal Society of Chemistry, and was an honorary Professor in Biological Sciences at the University of East Anglia from 1968 to 1984. He was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science (ScD) from the University of East Anglia in 1977, and an honorary doctorate from the Faculty of Mathematics and Science at Uppsala University, Sweden in 1980.[6][7]

Personal life

[edit]

In 1943 Synge married Ann Davies Stephen (1916–1997).[8] Ann Stephen was the daughter of psychologist Karin Stephen and psychoanalyst Adrian Stephen.[9] Ann's sister Judith (1918-1972) was married to documentary artist and photographer Nigel Henderson.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Gordon, H. (1996). "Richard Laurence Millington Synge. 28 October 1914 – 18 August 1994". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 42: 454–479. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1996.0028. JSTOR 770220. PMID 11619340.
  2. ^ Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002 (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN 0-902-198-84-X.
  3. ^ "Richard Lawrence Millington Synge" (PDF). Royal Society of Edinburgh. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  4. ^ Ettre, C. (2001). "Milestones in Chromatography: The Birth of Partition Chromatography" (PDF). LCGC. 19 (5): 506–512. Retrieved 26 February 2016.
  5. ^ Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002 (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN 0-902-198-84-X.
  6. ^ "Honorary Graduates of the University". University of East Anglia. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
  7. ^ "Honorary doctorates – Uppsala University, Sweden". uu.se. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
  8. ^ Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002 (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN 0-902-198-84-X.
  9. ^ "National Portrait Gallery: Adrian Stephen". Retrieved 28 July 2020.
[edit]
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