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Importing Wikidata short description: "World or Earth in Mandaeism" |
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{{Short description|World or Earth in Mandaeism}} |
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In [[Mandaean cosmology]], '''Tibil''' ({{lang-myz|[[wikt:ࡕࡉࡁࡉࡋ|ࡕࡉࡁࡉࡋ]]}}) or occasionally '''Arqa ḏ-Tibil''' (lit. "Tibil-Earth")<ref name="Nasoraia 2021">{{cite book|last=Nasoraia|first=Brikha H.S.|author-link=Brikha Nasoraia|title=The Mandaean gnostic religion: worship practice and deep thought|publisher=Sterling|publication-place=New Delhi|year=2021|isbn=978-81-950824-1-4|oclc=1272858968}}</ref> is the [[Earth]] (World) or earthly middle realm. It is separated from the [[World of Light]] (''alma ḏ-nhūra'') above and the [[World of Darkness (Mandaeism)|World of Darkness]] (''alma ḏ-hšuka'') below by ''ayar'' ([[aether (classical element)|aether]]).<ref name="Aldihisi 2008">{{cite thesis|url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1444088/|last=Aldihisi|first=Sabah|year=2008|title=The story of creation in the Mandaean holy book in the Ginza Rba|type=PhD|publisher=University College London}}</ref> |
In [[Mandaean cosmology]], '''Tibil''' ({{lang-myz|[[wikt:ࡕࡉࡁࡉࡋ|ࡕࡉࡁࡉࡋ]]}}) or occasionally '''Arqa ḏ-Tibil''' (lit. "Tibil-Earth")<ref name="Nasoraia 2021">{{cite book|last=Nasoraia|first=Brikha H.S.|author-link=Brikha Nasoraia|title=The Mandaean gnostic religion: worship practice and deep thought|publisher=Sterling|publication-place=New Delhi|year=2021|isbn=978-81-950824-1-4|oclc=1272858968}}</ref> is the [[Earth]] (World) or earthly middle realm. It is separated from the [[World of Light]] (''alma ḏ-nhūra'') above and the [[World of Darkness (Mandaeism)|World of Darkness]] (''alma ḏ-hšuka'') below by ''ayar'' ([[aether (classical element)|aether]]).<ref name="Aldihisi 2008">{{cite thesis|url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1444088/|last=Aldihisi|first=Sabah|year=2008|title=The story of creation in the Mandaean holy book in the Ginza Rba|type=PhD|publisher=University College London}}</ref> |
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To reach the World of Light (''alma ḏ-nhūra'') from Tibil, Mandaeans believe that need they to establish ''[[laufa]]'' (connection, union) to be reunited with the World of Light. The ''laufa'' is re-created and reconfirmed by priests through rituals such as ''[[maṣbuta]]'' (baptism). Upon death, priests must perform ''[[masiqta]]'' rituals to help the departed soul successfully navigate from Tibil through the various ''[[maṭarta]]'' (watch-stations) that lie in between, in order to reach the World of Light.<ref name="Buckley 2002">{{cite book|last=Buckley|first=Jorunn Jacobsen|title=The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people|publisher=Oxford University Press|publication-place=New York|year=2002|isbn=0-19-515385-5|oclc=65198443}}</ref> |
To reach the World of Light (''alma ḏ-nhūra'') from Tibil, Mandaeans believe that need they to establish ''[[laufa]]'' (connection, union) to be reunited with the World of Light. The ''laufa'' is re-created and reconfirmed by priests through rituals such as ''[[maṣbuta]]'' (baptism). Upon death, priests must perform ''[[masiqta]]'' rituals to help the departed soul successfully navigate from Tibil through the various ''[[maṭarta]]'' (watch-stations) that lie in between, in order to reach the World of Light.<ref name="Buckley 2002">{{cite book|last=Buckley|first=Jorunn Jacobsen|title=The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people|publisher=Oxford University Press|publication-place=New York|year=2002|isbn=0-19-515385-5|oclc=65198443}}</ref> |
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==Etymology== |
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[[Charles G. Häberl|Häberl]] (2022) considers Tibil to be a borrowing from Hebrew ''tebel'' ({{lang-he|[[wikt:תבל|תֵבֵל]]}}).<ref name="Häberl 2022">{{cite book | last=Häberl | first=Charles | url=https://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/book/10.3828/9781800856271 | title=The Book of Kings and the Explanations of This World: A Universal History from the Late Sasanian Empire | location=Liverpool | publisher=Liverpool University Press | date=2022 | isbn=978-1-80085-627-1 | page=220}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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[[Category:Mandaic words and phrases]] |
[[Category:Mandaic words and phrases]] |
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[[Category:Earth in religion]] |
[[Category:Earth in religion]] |
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{{Mandaeism-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 12:30, 4 February 2024
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In Mandaean cosmology, Tibil (Classical Mandaic: ࡕࡉࡁࡉࡋ) or occasionally Arqa ḏ-Tibil (lit. "Tibil-Earth")[1] is the Earth (World) or earthly middle realm. It is separated from the World of Light (alma ḏ-nhūra) above and the World of Darkness (alma ḏ-hšuka) below by ayar (aether).[2]
To reach the World of Light (alma ḏ-nhūra) from Tibil, Mandaeans believe that need they to establish laufa (connection, union) to be reunited with the World of Light. The laufa is re-created and reconfirmed by priests through rituals such as maṣbuta (baptism). Upon death, priests must perform masiqta rituals to help the departed soul successfully navigate from Tibil through the various maṭarta (watch-stations) that lie in between, in order to reach the World of Light.[3]
Etymology
[edit]Häberl (2022) considers Tibil to be a borrowing from Hebrew tebel (Hebrew: תֵבֵל).[4]
See also
[edit]- Gaia
- Midgard in Norse mythology
- Middle-earth in J. R. R. Tolkien's novels
- Ki (goddess) in Mesopotamian mythology
References
[edit]- ^ Nasoraia, Brikha H.S. (2021). The Mandaean gnostic religion: worship practice and deep thought. New Delhi: Sterling. ISBN 978-81-950824-1-4. OCLC 1272858968.
- ^ Aldihisi, Sabah (2008). The story of creation in the Mandaean holy book in the Ginza Rba (PhD). University College London.
- ^ Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002). The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515385-5. OCLC 65198443.
- ^ Häberl, Charles (2022). The Book of Kings and the Explanations of This World: A Universal History from the Late Sasanian Empire. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. p. 220. ISBN 978-1-80085-627-1.
