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{{short description|American sculptor}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
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| name = Marina Pombar Cabrera
| name = Marina Pombar Cabrera
| honorific_suffix =
| honorific_suffix =
| image = PombarCabrera006.jpg<!-- filename only, no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, and no enclosing [[brackets]] -->
| image = PombarCabrera006.jpg
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| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name above -->
| birth_date = 1947<!-- {{birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} for living people supply only the year with {{Birth year and age|YYYY}} unless the exact date is already widely published, as per [[WP:DOB]]. For people who have died, use {{Birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}}. -->
| birth_date = 1947<!-- {{birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} for living people supply only the year with {{Birth year and age|YYYY}} unless the exact date is already widely published, as per [[WP:DOB]]. For people who have died, use {{Birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}}. -->
| birth_place = Detroit, Michigan
| birth_place = Detroit, Michigan
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| monuments =
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| residence = Mexico City
| nationality = American
| nationality = USA
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| citizenship = USA, Mexican
| citizenship = USA, Mexican
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| occupation = sculptress
| occupation = Sculptor
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'''Marina Pombar''' (born 1947, [[Detroit]], Michigan) is a former beauty queen noted for presenting the [[The Beatles|Beatles]] onstage. She is currently a sculptor who has exhibited in Mexico, the U.S. and Europe. She is also known for working to establish [[physiognomy]] as a field in Mexico.
'''Marina Pombar''' (born 1947 in [[Detroit]], Michigan) is a former beauty queen noted for presenting the [[The Beatles|Beatles]] onstage. She is currently a sculptor who has exhibited in Mexico, the U.S. and Europe. She is also known for working to establish [[physiognomy]] as a field in Mexico.


==Early life==
==Early life==
Pombar was born in Detroit, Michigan, the daughter of Cuban parents who immigrated to the United States, Thomas A Pombar and Olga Cabrera Guimera.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Marina Pombar y sus Esculturas Vivenciales|last=Montes Z.|first=Erika|date=July 28, 1996|work=El Sol de México|page=8D}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|title=Beauty in Contest Swim Can't Go Near the Water|date=May 1, 1966|work=The Detroit News|page=21E}}</ref> She has Spanish grandparents on her father's side.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Hot Rod Detroit: A Complete History of Hotrodding in the Motor City|last=Larivee, Sr.|first=Bob|publisher=GP Publishing|year=2015|isbn=978 0 692 30899 8|location=Oxford, Michigan|pages=15–20}}</ref> She considers herself to be Cuban, Spanish and American by heritage, with her Cuban heritage evident still by making [[Cuban espresso|Cuban coffee]] the way her father taught her.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|title=Galería para un cáncer de mama|last=Contreras Esquivel|first=Consuelo|date=January 26, 2008|work=Milenio|page=8}}</ref>
Pombar was born in Detroit, Michigan, the daughter of Cuban parents who immigrated to the United States, Thomas A. Pombar and Olga Cabrera Guimera.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Marina Pombar y sus Esculturas Vivenciales|last=Montes Z.|first=Erika|date=July 28, 1996|work=El Sol de México|page=8D}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|title=Beauty in Contest Swim Can't Go Near the Water|date=May 1, 1966|work=The Detroit News|page=21E}}</ref> She has Spanish grandparents on her father's side.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Hot Rod Detroit: A Complete History of Hotrodding in the Motor City|last=Larivee, Sr.|first=Bob|publisher=GP Publishing|year=2015|isbn=978-0-692-30899-8|location=Oxford, Michigan|pages=15–20}}</ref> She considers herself to be Cuban, Spanish and American by heritage, with her Cuban heritage evident still by making [[Cuban espresso|Cuban coffee]] the way her father taught her.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|title=Galería para un cáncer de mama|last=Contreras Esquivel|first=Consuelo|date=January 26, 2008|work=Milenio|page=8}}</ref>


She graduated [[Pershing High School]] in Detroit and worked as a receptionist for the North Detroit General Hospital along with part-time modeling and hostess jobs during her beauty pageant years. In an interview in 1966, she stated that she wanted to study psychology, but would settle for marriage.<ref name=":1" /> In 1971, Pombar moved to Mexico and has lived in the country ever since. This long residency, as well as her Mexican citizenship, gives her Mexican identity as well.<ref name=":3" />
She graduated from [[Pershing High School]] in Detroit and worked as a receptionist for the North Detroit General Hospital along with part-time modeling and hostess jobs during her beauty pageant years. In an interview in 1966, she stated that she wanted to study psychology, but would settle for marriage.<ref name=":1" /> In 1971, Pombar moved to Mexico and has lived in the country ever since. This long residency, as well as her Mexican citizenship, gives her Mexican identity as well.<ref name=":3" />


==Career as beauty queen==
==Career as beauty queen==
Her interest in beauty pageants began young.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|title=Cáncer de mama: Actualidades y controversias|last=Sanchez Forgach|first=Ernesto R|last2=Erazo Franco|first2=Mauricio Alejandro|last3=Sanchez Basurto|first3=Carlos|publisher=Editorial Alfil SA de CV|year=2015|isbn=978 607 741 134 5|location=Mexico City|pages=689–692}}</ref> She studied modeling at the Patricia Stevens Career College and Finishing School, and started doing modeling jobs by age 14.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite news|title=From Beauty Queen to Artist|last=Sgambati|first=Alberto|date=April 9, 1996|work=The News|location=Mexico City|page=15}}</ref> Pombar began entering beauty pageants at age 15, entering any and all contests, becoming professional.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> The rigor of this life left little time for socializing or dating.<ref name=":1" />
Her interest in beauty pageants began young.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|title=Cáncer de mama: Actualidades y controversias|last1=Sanchez Forgach|first1=Ernesto R|last2=Erazo Franco|first2=Mauricio Alejandro|last3=Sanchez Basurto|first3=Carlos|publisher=Editorial Alfil SA de CV|year=2015|isbn=978-607-741-134-5|location=Mexico City|pages=689–692}}</ref> She studied modeling at the Patricia Stevens Career College and Finishing School, and started doing modeling jobs by age 14.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite news|title=From Beauty Queen to Artist|last=Sgambati|first=Alberto|date=April 9, 1996|work=The News|location=Mexico City|page=15}}</ref> Pombar began entering beauty pageants at age 15, entering any and all contests, becoming professional.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> The rigor of this life left little time for socializing or dating.<ref name=":1" />


Pombar's crowns include Miss Metropolitan Beach (1964),<ref>{{Cite news|title=Rain delays opening of beach swimming pool|date=July 13, 1964|work=Daily Monitor-Leader|location=Detroit|page=7}}</ref> Miss Suburban Architectural Bowling League (1965), Miss Autorama 1966,<ref name=":2" /> Miss Detroit AMVET (1966), and a finalist for Miss Michigan Universe (1966).<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /> Her aim was [[Miss Universe]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /> Her wins led to work in modeling and commercials.<ref name=":5" />
Pombar's crowns include Miss Metropolitan Beach (1964),<ref>{{Cite news|title=Rain delays opening of beach swimming pool|date=July 13, 1964|work=Daily Monitor-Leader|location=Detroit|page=7}}</ref> Miss Suburban Architectural Bowling League (1965), Miss Autorama 1966,<ref name=":2" /> Miss Detroit AMVET (1966), and a finalist for Miss Michigan Universe (1966).<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /> Her aim was [[Miss Universe]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /> Her wins led to work in modeling and commercials.<ref name=":5" />


Her participation in this field also allowed her to meet and work with various local celebrities such as [[Mitch Ryder and the Detroit Wheels]], as well as international figures.<ref name=":1" /> At a Detroit radio station, she met [[Mick Jagger]] as both were scheduled to be interviewed. He asked her out, but her father would not permit it, concerned about drugs.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news|title=Marina Pombar: Autora de 'Psicología del Rostro'|date=March 1, 2012|work=El Nuevo Mexicano|location=Mexico City|page=12}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite book|title=The Beatles:Giras Internacionales|last=Flores|first=Alejandro|publisher=Origo|year=2014|isbn=978-956-316-158-8|location=Santiago de Chile|pages=96–97}}</ref> She introduced the Beatles at their first performance at Detroit in 1964 at the Olympic Arena.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|last=|first=|year=August 2009|title=Marina Pombar|url=|journal=Foto Zoom:Revista de Fotografía y Artes Visuales|volume=34|issue=407|pages=30–31|via=}}</ref> In a later interview she stated, "It was strange at that time because the Motown sound was big then and the Beatles seemed just like any other group. At that time I didn’t realize who I was really with. During the performance girls started throwing things, then all of a sudden it got really wild, everything sort of went out of control and we were all literally carried off stage – and that was it. Everything was a mess. It wasn’t until later, looking back, that I completely understood the phenomena."<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":7" />
Her participation in this field also allowed her to meet and work with various local celebrities such as [[Mitch Ryder and the Detroit Wheels]], as well as international figures.<ref name=":1" /> At a Detroit radio station, she met [[Mick Jagger]] as both were scheduled to be interviewed. He asked her out, but her father would not permit it, concerned about drugs.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news|title=Marina Pombar: Autora de 'Psicología del Rostro'|date=March 1, 2012|work=El Nuevo Mexicano|location=Mexico City|page=12}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite book|title=The Beatles:Giras Internacionales|last=Flores|first=Alejandro|publisher=Origo|year=2014|isbn=978-956-316-158-8|location=Santiago de Chile|pages=96–97}}</ref> She introduced the Beatles at their first performance at Detroit in 1964 at the Olympic Arena.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|date=August 2009|title=Marina Pombar|journal=Foto Zoom: Revista de Fotografía y Artes Visuales|volume=34|issue=407|pages=30–31}}</ref> In a later interview she stated, "It was strange at that time because the Motown sound was big then and the Beatles seemed just like any other group. At that time I didn’t realize who I was really with. During the performance girls started throwing things, then all of a sudden it got really wild, everything sort of went out of control and we were all literally carried off stage – and that was it. Everything was a mess. It wasn’t until later, looking back, that I completely understood the phenomena."<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":7" />


==Career as a sculptor==
==Career as a sculptor==
[[File:PombarCabrera009.jpg|thumb|Pombar working on a bust of one of the Beatles at her workshop in Mexico City]]
[[File:PombarCabrera009.jpg|thumb|Pombar working on a bust of one of the Beatles at her workshop in Mexico City]]
In several interviews she stated that she had an interest in beauty and its composition from a young age and had always worked with her hands.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last=|first=|year=1999|title=Marina Pombar|url=|journal=México: Una luz al munco|location=El Olivo, State of Mexico|publisher=Una Luz al Mundo SA de CV|volume=|pages=5–6|via=}}</ref> However, it was not until later in life that she began an artistic career.<ref name=":10">{{Cite book|title=Enciclopedia Iberoamericana de Artistas Plásticas Contemporáneos|last=|first=|publisher=QCC Gallery Queensborough Community College (CUNY)|year=2004|isbn=|location=|pages=116}}</ref> She was working as a translator for [[Pemex|PEMEX]] in Mexico when she decided to study art.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=|first=|year=2005|title=Marina Pombar: alquimista de la forma|url=|journal=Letras Grandes: Publicación especializada para el adulto mayor|volume=19|pages=|via=}}</ref> Initially, she was interested in carving wood, and took a class. The instructor asked the class to copy a piece, and Pombar was the only one who made an exact copy.<ref name=":5" /> Despite this, she still did not realize she had talent. She also took some classes for beginners with the Escuela de Artesanías Mexicanas and [[Academy of San Carlos]].<ref name=":11">{{Cite news|title="Yo no escribo poemas, los modelo" , Confiesa la Escultura Marina Pombar|last=Appendini|first=Guadalupe|date=March 29, 2003|work=Excelsior|page=3B}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|last=|first=|year=1995|title=Marina Pombar|url=|journal=Muebles y Decoración|location=Mexico City|publisher=R.G y Asociados SA de CV|volume=8|issue=44|pages=64–65|via=}}</ref> At a sculpture workshop, she learned that there were names for the techniques that she was developing on her own.<ref name=":5" /> Ultimately, she asked Mexican artist Gabriel Ponzanelli to teach her, but he refused, stating that she had her own style and should work on developing that. He has supported her work in other ways, such as exhibitions.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":13">{{Cite news|title=En la Ciudad de México expuso la escultura Marina Pombar|last=Lopez|first=A. I.|date=April 16, 1991|work=El Mercurio|location=Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas|page=5}}</ref> She belongs to no group, gallery or movement, but feels accomplished for what she has created.<ref name=":14">{{Cite news|title=Marina Pombar fue invitadaa la bienal de Italia|date=2000|work=Novedades|location=Mexico City|page=4B}}</ref>
In several interviews she stated that she had an interest in beauty and its composition from a young age and had always worked with her hands.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|year=1999|title=Marina Pombar|journal=México: Una luz al munco|location=El Olivo, State of Mexico|publisher=Una Luz al Mundo SA de CV|pages=5–6}}</ref> However, it was not until later in life that she began an artistic career.<ref name=":10">{{Cite book|title=Enciclopedia Iberoamericana de Artistas Plásticas Contemporáneos|publisher=QCC Gallery Queensborough Community College (CUNY)|year=2004|pages=116}}</ref> She was working as a translator for [[Pemex|PEMEX]] in Mexico when she decided to study art.<ref>{{Cite journal|year=2005|title=Marina Pombar: alquimista de la forma|journal=Letras Grandes: Publicación especializada para el adulto mayor|volume=19}}</ref> Initially, she was interested in carving wood, and took a class. The instructor asked the class to copy a piece, and Pombar was the only one who made an exact copy.<ref name=":5" /> Despite this, she still did not realize she had talent. She also took some classes for beginners with the Escuela de Artesanías Mexicanas and [[Academy of San Carlos]].<ref name=":11">{{Cite news|title="Yo no escribo poemas, los modelo" , Confiesa la Escultura Marina Pombar|last=Appendini|first=Guadalupe|date=March 29, 2003|work=Excelsior|page=3B}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|year=1995|title=Marina Pombar|journal=Muebles y Decoración|location=Mexico City|publisher=R.G y Asociados SA de CV|volume=8|issue=44|pages=64–65}}</ref> At a sculpture workshop, she learned that there were names for the techniques that she was developing on her own.<ref name=":5" /> Ultimately, she asked Mexican artist Gabriel Ponzanelli to teach her, but he refused, stating that she had her own style and should work on developing that. He has supported her work in other ways, such as exhibitions.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":13">{{Cite news|title=En la Ciudad de México expuso la escultura Marina Pombar|last=Lopez|first=A. I.|date=April 16, 1991|work=El Mercurio|location=Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas|page=5}}</ref> She belongs to no group, gallery or movement, but feels accomplished for what she has created.<ref name=":14">{{Cite news|title=Marina Pombar fue invitadaa la bienal de Italia|date=2000|work=Novedades|location=Mexico City|page=4B}}</ref>


Pombar has exhibited her work in collective and individual shows since 1977.<ref name=":12" /> Main shows include: Centro Iberoamericano de Convenciones (1977)<ref name=":15">{{Cite news|title=La Escultura: Cosas que no se Den con Palabras:Son Sentimientos Marina Pombar|last=Santamaria Ochoa|first=Carlos|date=September 24, 1989|work=La Verdad|location=Mexico City}}</ref> Escuela de Artesanias Mexicanas (1978)<ref name=":15" /> American Embassy in Mexico (1980)<ref name=":15" /> Centro Americano Ejecutivo de Idiomas y Murguia Garcia SA La Piramide Cultural Center (1984)<ref name=":15" /> ''Forma, Color y Movimiento'' in El Pedregal restaurant in Tamaulipas (1986).<ref>{{Cite news|title=El Miércoles, la Exposición de Artes Multiples "Forma, Color y Movimiento" en el Caladium|date=May 5, 1986|work=El Mercurio|location=Ciudad Victora, Tamaulipas|page=23}}</ref> ''Dos pinceles, dos cinceles'' at the Galeria Art Centrum in Polanco (1991)<ref name=":13" /> ''Sentimientos'' in Tamaulipas, Veracruz and Mexico City (1995),<ref name=":12" /><ref>{{Cite news|title=Sentimentos en el Llave|work=El Sol de Orizaba|location=Orizaba, Veracruz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Marina Pombar expone su obra más reciente|date=August 20, 1995|work=El Heraldo|location=Mexico City|page=7}}</ref> ''Temperamento y Bronce'' in Mexico City (1997)<ref>{{Cite news|title=Funden su tempermento en bronce|date=April 11, 1997|work=Reforma|location=Mexico City|page=1H}}</ref> and ''Las Jaulas'' in [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]], Mexico City.<ref name=":12" /> She placed first at the Ventrina degli Artisti Latinoamericani Biennale in 2001 in Florence, Italy. where she identified as a Mexican artist.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":14" /><ref name=":16">{{Cite journal|last=Martinez|first=Cristina|year=2006|title=Marina Pombar|url=|journal=The Billionaire|volume=11|issue=61|pages=46–48|via=}}</ref>
Pombar has exhibited her work in collective and individual shows since 1977.<ref name=":12" /> Main shows include: Centro Iberoamericano de Convenciones (1977)<ref name=":15">{{Cite news|title=La Escultura: Cosas que no se Den con Palabras:Son Sentimientos Marina Pombar|last=Santamaria Ochoa|first=Carlos|date=September 24, 1989|work=La Verdad|location=Mexico City}}</ref> Escuela de Artesanias Mexicanas (1978)<ref name=":15" /> American Embassy in Mexico (1980)<ref name=":15" /> Centro Americano Ejecutivo de Idiomas y Murguia Garcia SA La Piramide Cultural Center (1984)<ref name=":15" /> ''Forma, Color y Movimiento'' in El Pedregal restaurant in Tamaulipas (1986).<ref>{{Cite news|title=El Miércoles, la Exposición de Artes Multiples "Forma, Color y Movimiento" en el Caladium|date=May 5, 1986|work=El Mercurio|location=Ciudad Victora, Tamaulipas|page=23}}</ref> ''Dos pinceles, dos cinceles'' at the Galeria Art Centrum in Polanco (1991)<ref name=":13" /> ''Sentimientos'' in Tamaulipas, Veracruz and Mexico City (1995),<ref name=":12" /><ref>{{Cite news|title=Sentimentos en el Llave|work=El Sol de Orizaba|location=Orizaba, Veracruz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Marina Pombar expone su obra más reciente|date=August 20, 1995|work=El Heraldo|location=Mexico City|page=7}}</ref> ''Temperamento y Bronce'' in Mexico City (1997)<ref>{{Cite news|title=Funden su tempermento en bronce|date=April 11, 1997|work=Reforma|location=Mexico City|page=1H}}</ref> and ''Las Jaulas'' in [[Polanco, Mexico City|Polanco]], Mexico City.<ref name=":12" /> She placed first at the Ventrina degli Artisti Latinoamericani Biennale in 2001 in Florence, Italy. where she identified as a Mexican artist.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":14" /><ref name=":16">{{Cite journal|last=Martinez|first=Cristina|year=2006|title=Marina Pombar|journal=The Billionaire|volume=11|issue=61|pages=46–48}}</ref>


Pombar created a monumental work for the [[American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals|ASPCA]] of Missouri displayed in Memorial Park, and her work is promoted in Spain by the Grifé y Escoda Gallery in [[Barcelona]].<ref name=":8" /> Her apartment in Mexico City also serves as a gallery and workshop.<ref name=":17">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lasalud.mx/permalink/722.html|title=Marina Pombar plasma su lucha contra el cáncer de mama en su obra|date=October 19, 2006|website=La Salud|location=Mexico City}}</ref>
Pombar created a monumental work for the [[American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals|ASPCA]] of Missouri displayed in Memorial Park, and her work is promoted in Spain by the Grifé y Escoda Gallery in [[Barcelona]].<ref name=":8" /> Her apartment in Mexico City also serves as a gallery and workshop.<ref name=":17">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lasalud.mx/permalink/722.html|title=Marina Pombar plasma su lucha contra el cáncer de mama en su obra|date=October 19, 2006|website=La Salud|location=Mexico City}}</ref>
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Pombar's work allows her to express the sadness she has experienced in her life as well as the strength to continue.<ref name=":17" /> One episode in her life which is prominent in a number of her work is her battle with [[breast cancer]], which led to reconstructive surgery on one side. The art for her has been therapeutic, as well as a basis for raising awareness of breast cancer through exhibitions and giving talks on health to various groups.<ref name=":16" /><ref name=":18">{{Cite news|title=Marina Pombar expone trabajo escultórico|date=March 15, 2007|work=El Sol de México|location=Mexico City|page=22}}</ref> Pieces related to her cancer experience include ''Intruso'' (Intrusion), ''Mi Matador'' (My Matador), ''Clemencia'' (Clemency), ''Templo'' (Temple), ''Inerte'' (Inert), ''La mutilación'' (Mutilation), ''Renacimiento'' (Rebirth), ''Después de Ti'' (After You) and ''Sueños'' (Dreams).<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":18" />
Pombar's work allows her to express the sadness she has experienced in her life as well as the strength to continue.<ref name=":17" /> One episode in her life which is prominent in a number of her work is her battle with [[breast cancer]], which led to reconstructive surgery on one side. The art for her has been therapeutic, as well as a basis for raising awareness of breast cancer through exhibitions and giving talks on health to various groups.<ref name=":16" /><ref name=":18">{{Cite news|title=Marina Pombar expone trabajo escultórico|date=March 15, 2007|work=El Sol de México|location=Mexico City|page=22}}</ref> Pieces related to her cancer experience include ''Intruso'' (Intrusion), ''Mi Matador'' (My Matador), ''Clemencia'' (Clemency), ''Templo'' (Temple), ''Inerte'' (Inert), ''La mutilación'' (Mutilation), ''Renacimiento'' (Rebirth), ''Después de Ti'' (After You) and ''Sueños'' (Dreams).<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":18" />


Pombar considers her works as her children, as they are born on her emotions and experiences.<ref name=":16" /> At the 1986 exhibition ''Forma Color y Movimentos'' she refused to sell her work saying that “one becomes possessive with their works, they are like children and have to find their own way without their parents.”<ref name=":15" />
Pombar considers her works as her children, as they are born from her emotions and experiences.<ref name=":16" /> At the 1986 exhibition ''Forma Color y Movimentos'' she refused to sell her work saying that “one becomes possessive with their works, they are like children and have to find their own way without their parents.”<ref name=":15" />


==Life in Mexico==
==Life in Mexico==
Pombar moved to Mexico in 1971, not long before her 30th birthday.<ref name=":16" /><ref name=":17" /> Before and in addition to sculpture, she has been involved in a number of projects and activities, stating as a youth that she gets bored easily,<ref name=":1" /> and today still works constantly.<ref name=":11" />
Pombar moved to Mexico in 1971, not long before her 30th birthday.<ref name=":16" /><ref name=":17" /> Before and in addition to sculpture, she has been involved in a number of projects and activities, stating as a youth that she gets bored easily,<ref name=":1" /> and today still works constantly.<ref name=":11" />


She worked as a translator for various Mexican government agencies and ran the Centro Dinámico de Idiomas language school in Mexico City from 1975 to 1985.<ref name=":8" /> In the latter 1980s, she started a gym in her home in [[Tamaulipas]] as a hobby. Soon someone asked her to train them and she eventually became certified in both the US and Tamaulipas as a fitness instructor.<ref name=":12" /> She founded the Women to Women, Professioal Health and Fitness Center in [[Ciudad Victoria]], Tamaulipas in 1985 which she ran until 1991.<ref name=":8" /> Here she worked almost exclusively with women, noting that many felt "dead" by the age of forty.<ref name=":5" /> In 1991, she moved the business to the Polanco neighborhood in Mexico City after her divorce, making it a mixed sex gym, working with many men with sedentary computer/desk jobs.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> At its peak, the business had 245 clients but her breast cancer battle in this decade caused her to lose the business.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />
She worked as a translator for various Mexican government agencies and ran the Centro Dinámico de Idiomas language school in Mexico City from 1975 to 1985.<ref name=":8" /> In the latter 1980s, she started a gym in her home in [[Tamaulipas]] as a hobby. Soon someone asked her to train them and she eventually became certified in both the US and Tamaulipas as a fitness instructor.<ref name=":12" /> She founded the Women to Women, Professioal Health and Fitness Center in [[Ciudad Victoria]], Tamaulipas in 1985 which she ran until 1991.<ref name=":8" /> Here she worked almost exclusively with women, noting that many felt "dead" by the age of forty.<ref name=":5" /> In 1991, she moved the business to the Polanco neighborhood in Mexico City after her divorce, making it a mixed-sex gym, working with many men with sedentary computer/desk jobs.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> At its peak, the business had 245 clients but her breast cancer battle in this decade caused her to lose the business.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />


Her interest in physical structure/fitness and psychology has led her to regularly give talks on health in Mexico City.<ref name=":5" /> It has also led to studies in justice and criminality studies. Combing these with psychology and art, she has made herself an expert in physiognomy, focusing on the face in particular.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":8" /> This is not a well-developed field in Mexico, so she was worked training public officials and presented af various psychology conferences in Mexico.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Se capacitan agentes ministeriales en psicología facial|date=September 27, 2012|work=El Mexicano|location=Tijuana}}</ref> She has been consulted to analyze faces of notable suspects, political candidates and other famous people.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion-mexico/2014/impreso/la-8216pareja-imperial-8217-no-conviene-como-enemiga-220077.html|title=La ‘pareja imperial’ no conviene como enemiga José Guadarrama and Silvia Otero|date=November 7, 2014|work=El Universal|page=A12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Marina Pombar y Luis Miguel|date=May 7, 2008|work=El Universal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.24-horas.mx/leyendo-el-rostro-de-los-candidatos/|title=Leyendo el rostro de los candidatos|last=Torres|first=Antonio|date=May 6, 2012|work=24 Horas}}</ref>
Her interest in physical structure/fitness and psychology has led her to regularly give talks on health in Mexico City.<ref name=":5" /> It has also led to studies in justice and criminality studies. Combing these with psychology and art, she has made herself an expert in physiognomy, focusing on the face in particular.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":8" /> This is not a well-developed field in Mexico, so she was worked training public officials and presented af various psychology conferences in Mexico.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Se capacitan agentes ministeriales en psicología facial|date=September 27, 2012|work=El Mexicano|location=Tijuana}}</ref> She has been consulted to analyze faces of notable suspects, political candidates and other famous people.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion-mexico/2014/impreso/la-8216pareja-imperial-8217-no-conviene-como-enemiga-220077.html|title=La 'pareja imperial' no conviene como enemiga José Guadarrama and Silvia Otero|date=November 7, 2014|work=El Universal|page=A12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Marina Pombar y Luis Miguel|date=May 7, 2008|work=El Universal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.24-horas.mx/leyendo-el-rostro-de-los-candidatos/|title=Leyendo el rostro de los candidatos|last=Torres|first=Antonio|date=May 6, 2012|work=24 Horas}}</ref>


== Publications ==
== Publications ==
*{{cite book |title=Rasgos Faciales y La Personalidad|publisher=Rodrigo Porrua Ediciones|location=Mexico City|year=2016|isbn=9786078466108|language=Spanish}}
*{{cite book |title=Rasgos Faciales y La Personalidad|publisher=Rodrigo Porrua Ediciones|location=Mexico City|year=2016|isbn=9786078466108|language=es}}
*{{cite book |title=Psicología del rostro: Iniciación a la Fisiognomía |publisher=Apasia |location=Mexico City|year=2009}}
*{{cite book |title=Psicología del rostro: Iniciación a la Fisiognomía |publisher=Apasia |location=Mexico City|year=2009}}
{{commonscat|Marina Pombar Cabrera}}
{{commons category|Marina Pombar Cabrera}}


== References ==
== References ==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Pombar, Marina}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pombar, Marina}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American sculptors]]
[[Category:20th-century American sculptors]]
[[Category:People from Detroit]]
[[Category:Artists from Detroit]]
[[Category:21st-century American sculptors]]
[[Category:Sculptors from Michigan]]

Latest revision as of 02:54, 23 January 2024

Marina Pombar Cabrera
Pombar with Clemencia in her home in Mexico City
Born1947
Detroit, Michigan
NationalityAmerican
CitizenshipUSA, Mexican
OccupationSculptor
SpouseAlejandro Flores Pinto
ChildrenMarina and Manolo[1]
Parents
  • Thomas A Pombar (father)
  • Olga Cabrera Guimera (mother)

Marina Pombar (born 1947 in Detroit, Michigan) is a former beauty queen noted for presenting the Beatles onstage. She is currently a sculptor who has exhibited in Mexico, the U.S. and Europe. She is also known for working to establish physiognomy as a field in Mexico.

Early life

[edit]

Pombar was born in Detroit, Michigan, the daughter of Cuban parents who immigrated to the United States, Thomas A. Pombar and Olga Cabrera Guimera.[2][3] She has Spanish grandparents on her father's side.[4] She considers herself to be Cuban, Spanish and American by heritage, with her Cuban heritage evident still by making Cuban coffee the way her father taught her.[1]

She graduated from Pershing High School in Detroit and worked as a receptionist for the North Detroit General Hospital along with part-time modeling and hostess jobs during her beauty pageant years. In an interview in 1966, she stated that she wanted to study psychology, but would settle for marriage.[3] In 1971, Pombar moved to Mexico and has lived in the country ever since. This long residency, as well as her Mexican citizenship, gives her Mexican identity as well.[1]

Career as beauty queen

[edit]

Her interest in beauty pageants began young.[5] She studied modeling at the Patricia Stevens Career College and Finishing School, and started doing modeling jobs by age 14.[4][6] Pombar began entering beauty pageants at age 15, entering any and all contests, becoming professional.[3][4] The rigor of this life left little time for socializing or dating.[3]

Pombar's crowns include Miss Metropolitan Beach (1964),[7] Miss Suburban Architectural Bowling League (1965), Miss Autorama 1966,[4] Miss Detroit AMVET (1966), and a finalist for Miss Michigan Universe (1966).[3][5] Her aim was Miss Universe.[3][6] Her wins led to work in modeling and commercials.[6]

Her participation in this field also allowed her to meet and work with various local celebrities such as Mitch Ryder and the Detroit Wheels, as well as international figures.[3] At a Detroit radio station, she met Mick Jagger as both were scheduled to be interviewed. He asked her out, but her father would not permit it, concerned about drugs.[8][9] She introduced the Beatles at their first performance at Detroit in 1964 at the Olympic Arena.[6][10] In a later interview she stated, "It was strange at that time because the Motown sound was big then and the Beatles seemed just like any other group. At that time I didn’t realize who I was really with. During the performance girls started throwing things, then all of a sudden it got really wild, everything sort of went out of control and we were all literally carried off stage – and that was it. Everything was a mess. It wasn’t until later, looking back, that I completely understood the phenomena."[6][9]

Career as a sculptor

[edit]
Pombar working on a bust of one of the Beatles at her workshop in Mexico City

In several interviews she stated that she had an interest in beauty and its composition from a young age and had always worked with her hands.[6][11] However, it was not until later in life that she began an artistic career.[12] She was working as a translator for PEMEX in Mexico when she decided to study art.[13] Initially, she was interested in carving wood, and took a class. The instructor asked the class to copy a piece, and Pombar was the only one who made an exact copy.[6] Despite this, she still did not realize she had talent. She also took some classes for beginners with the Escuela de Artesanías Mexicanas and Academy of San Carlos.[14][15] At a sculpture workshop, she learned that there were names for the techniques that she was developing on her own.[6] Ultimately, she asked Mexican artist Gabriel Ponzanelli to teach her, but he refused, stating that she had her own style and should work on developing that. He has supported her work in other ways, such as exhibitions.[6][16] She belongs to no group, gallery or movement, but feels accomplished for what she has created.[17]

Pombar has exhibited her work in collective and individual shows since 1977.[15] Main shows include: Centro Iberoamericano de Convenciones (1977)[18] Escuela de Artesanias Mexicanas (1978)[18] American Embassy in Mexico (1980)[18] Centro Americano Ejecutivo de Idiomas y Murguia Garcia SA La Piramide Cultural Center (1984)[18] Forma, Color y Movimiento in El Pedregal restaurant in Tamaulipas (1986).[19] Dos pinceles, dos cinceles at the Galeria Art Centrum in Polanco (1991)[16] Sentimientos in Tamaulipas, Veracruz and Mexico City (1995),[15][20][21] Temperamento y Bronce in Mexico City (1997)[22] and Las Jaulas in Polanco, Mexico City.[15] She placed first at the Ventrina degli Artisti Latinoamericani Biennale in 2001 in Florence, Italy. where she identified as a Mexican artist.[14][17][23]

Pombar created a monumental work for the ASPCA of Missouri displayed in Memorial Park, and her work is promoted in Spain by the Grifé y Escoda Gallery in Barcelona.[10] Her apartment in Mexico City also serves as a gallery and workshop.[24]

Pombar has stated in interviews that as a beauty queen the attention she received was superficial, focused only on her exterior. However, work in sculpture brings respect for her mind and allows people to appreciate her for who she is.[6][23] Working at her home studio (which also serves as a gallery),[2] she creates works exclusively in bronze, preferring its hardness and durability. She makes her models first with clay, with the final product cast with the lost wax method.[12][17]

For her, art is a means of communication, with most of her pieces figures of men and women conveying attitudes and emotions through their body language and facial expressions.[14][15][25] “I don’t write poems, I model them.” she states.[14] She does not do self-portraits,[23] and her figures look neither at each other (even if intertwined) or at the observer. Instead, they seem introspective.[11] Her non-artistic work in physical fitness, and psychology and physiognomy are evident as well, as she focuses on muscle structure, stating that in the face muscles are actors which control expression.[23] Texture is also important to her work, often a study in contrasts.[12]

Pombar's work allows her to express the sadness she has experienced in her life as well as the strength to continue.[24] One episode in her life which is prominent in a number of her work is her battle with breast cancer, which led to reconstructive surgery on one side. The art for her has been therapeutic, as well as a basis for raising awareness of breast cancer through exhibitions and giving talks on health to various groups.[23][26] Pieces related to her cancer experience include Intruso (Intrusion), Mi Matador (My Matador), Clemencia (Clemency), Templo (Temple), Inerte (Inert), La mutilación (Mutilation), Renacimiento (Rebirth), Después de Ti (After You) and Sueños (Dreams).[5][26]

Pombar considers her works as her children, as they are born from her emotions and experiences.[23] At the 1986 exhibition Forma Color y Movimentos she refused to sell her work saying that “one becomes possessive with their works, they are like children and have to find their own way without their parents.”[18]

Life in Mexico

[edit]

Pombar moved to Mexico in 1971, not long before her 30th birthday.[23][24] Before and in addition to sculpture, she has been involved in a number of projects and activities, stating as a youth that she gets bored easily,[3] and today still works constantly.[14]

She worked as a translator for various Mexican government agencies and ran the Centro Dinámico de Idiomas language school in Mexico City from 1975 to 1985.[10] In the latter 1980s, she started a gym in her home in Tamaulipas as a hobby. Soon someone asked her to train them and she eventually became certified in both the US and Tamaulipas as a fitness instructor.[15] She founded the Women to Women, Professioal Health and Fitness Center in Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas in 1985 which she ran until 1991.[10] Here she worked almost exclusively with women, noting that many felt "dead" by the age of forty.[6] In 1991, she moved the business to the Polanco neighborhood in Mexico City after her divorce, making it a mixed-sex gym, working with many men with sedentary computer/desk jobs.[1][5][6] At its peak, the business had 245 clients but her breast cancer battle in this decade caused her to lose the business.[1][5]

Her interest in physical structure/fitness and psychology has led her to regularly give talks on health in Mexico City.[6] It has also led to studies in justice and criminality studies. Combing these with psychology and art, she has made herself an expert in physiognomy, focusing on the face in particular.[8][10] This is not a well-developed field in Mexico, so she was worked training public officials and presented af various psychology conferences in Mexico.[27] She has been consulted to analyze faces of notable suspects, political candidates and other famous people.[28][29][30]

Publications

[edit]
  • Rasgos Faciales y La Personalidad (in Spanish). Mexico City: Rodrigo Porrua Ediciones. 2016. ISBN 9786078466108.
  • Psicología del rostro: Iniciación a la Fisiognomía. Mexico City: Apasia. 2009.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Marina Pombar Cabrera.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e Contreras Esquivel, Consuelo (January 26, 2008). "Galería para un cáncer de mama". Milenio. p. 8.
  2. ^ a b Montes Z., Erika (July 28, 1996). "Marina Pombar y sus Esculturas Vivenciales". El Sol de México. p. 8D.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "Beauty in Contest Swim Can't Go Near the Water". The Detroit News. May 1, 1966. p. 21E.
  4. ^ a b c d Larivee, Sr., Bob (2015). Hot Rod Detroit: A Complete History of Hotrodding in the Motor City. Oxford, Michigan: GP Publishing. pp. 15–20. ISBN 978-0-692-30899-8.
  5. ^ a b c d e Sanchez Forgach, Ernesto R; Erazo Franco, Mauricio Alejandro; Sanchez Basurto, Carlos (2015). Cáncer de mama: Actualidades y controversias. Mexico City: Editorial Alfil SA de CV. pp. 689–692. ISBN 978-607-741-134-5.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Sgambati, Alberto (April 9, 1996). "From Beauty Queen to Artist". The News. Mexico City. p. 15.
  7. ^ "Rain delays opening of beach swimming pool". Daily Monitor-Leader. Detroit. July 13, 1964. p. 7.
  8. ^ a b "Marina Pombar: Autora de 'Psicología del Rostro'". El Nuevo Mexicano. Mexico City. March 1, 2012. p. 12.
  9. ^ a b Flores, Alejandro (2014). The Beatles:Giras Internacionales. Santiago de Chile: Origo. pp. 96–97. ISBN 978-956-316-158-8.
  10. ^ a b c d e "Marina Pombar". Foto Zoom: Revista de Fotografía y Artes Visuales. 34 (407): 30–31. August 2009.
  11. ^ a b "Marina Pombar". México: Una luz al munco. El Olivo, State of Mexico: Una Luz al Mundo SA de CV: 5–6. 1999.
  12. ^ a b c Enciclopedia Iberoamericana de Artistas Plásticas Contemporáneos. QCC Gallery Queensborough Community College (CUNY). 2004. p. 116.
  13. ^ "Marina Pombar: alquimista de la forma". Letras Grandes: Publicación especializada para el adulto mayor. 19. 2005.
  14. ^ a b c d e Appendini, Guadalupe (March 29, 2003). ""Yo no escribo poemas, los modelo" , Confiesa la Escultura Marina Pombar". Excelsior. p. 3B.
  15. ^ a b c d e f "Marina Pombar". Muebles y Decoración. 8 (44). Mexico City: R.G y Asociados SA de CV: 64–65. 1995.
  16. ^ a b Lopez, A. I. (April 16, 1991). "En la Ciudad de México expuso la escultura Marina Pombar". El Mercurio. Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas. p. 5.
  17. ^ a b c "Marina Pombar fue invitadaa la bienal de Italia". Novedades. Mexico City. 2000. p. 4B.
  18. ^ a b c d e Santamaria Ochoa, Carlos (September 24, 1989). "La Escultura: Cosas que no se Den con Palabras:Son Sentimientos Marina Pombar". La Verdad. Mexico City.
  19. ^ "El Miércoles, la Exposición de Artes Multiples "Forma, Color y Movimiento" en el Caladium". El Mercurio. Ciudad Victora, Tamaulipas. May 5, 1986. p. 23.
  20. ^ "Sentimentos en el Llave". El Sol de Orizaba. Orizaba, Veracruz.
  21. ^ "Marina Pombar expone su obra más reciente". El Heraldo. Mexico City. August 20, 1995. p. 7.
  22. ^ "Funden su tempermento en bronce". Reforma. Mexico City. April 11, 1997. p. 1H.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g Martinez, Cristina (2006). "Marina Pombar". The Billionaire. 11 (61): 46–48.
  24. ^ a b c "Marina Pombar plasma su lucha contra el cáncer de mama en su obra". La Salud. Mexico City. October 19, 2006.
  25. ^ "Marina Pombar inauguró muestra". Novedades. February 25, 2001. p. C3.
  26. ^ a b "Marina Pombar expone trabajo escultórico". El Sol de México. Mexico City. March 15, 2007. p. 22.
  27. ^ "Se capacitan agentes ministeriales en psicología facial". El Mexicano. Tijuana. September 27, 2012.
  28. ^ "La 'pareja imperial' no conviene como enemiga José Guadarrama and Silvia Otero". El Universal. November 7, 2014. p. A12.
  29. ^ "Marina Pombar y Luis Miguel". El Universal. May 7, 2008.
  30. ^ Torres, Antonio (May 6, 2012). "Leyendo el rostro de los candidatos". 24 Horas.
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