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{{short description|Submarine of the Royal Navy}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2018}}
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{{Infobox ship image
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image= HMS E20.jpg
|Ship image= HMS E20.jpg
|Ship image size= 350px
|Ship image size= 300px
|Ship caption=HMS ''E20'' in harbour
|Ship caption=HMS ''E20'' in harbour
}}
}}
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|Hide header=
|Hide header=
|Ship country=United Kingdom
|Ship country=United Kingdom
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|UK|naval}}
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}
|Ship name= HMS ''E20''
|Ship name= ''E20''
|Ship namesake=
|Ship namesake=
|Ship ordered=
|Ship ordered=
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|Ship original cost=
|Ship original cost=
|Ship laid down=25 November 1914
|Ship laid down=25 November 1914
|Ship launched=
|Ship launched=12 June 1915
|Ship acquired=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=30 August 1915
|Ship commissioned=30 August 1915
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|Ship honours=
|Ship honours=
|Ship fate=Sunk 6 November 1915
|Ship fate=Sunk 6 November 1915
|Ship status=
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
}}
}}
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|Hide header=
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Header caption=
|Ship class=[[British E class submarine|E class]] [[submarine]]
|Ship class=[[British E-class submarine|E-class]] [[submarine]]
|Ship type=
|Ship type=
|Ship tonnage=
|Ship displacement=*{{convert|662|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} surfaced
|Ship displacement=*{{convert|662|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} surfaced
*{{convert|807|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} submerged
*{{convert|807|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} submerged
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|Ship beam={{convert|15|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|15|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draft=
|Ship draft=
|Ship depth=
|Ship hold depth=
|Ship decks=
|Ship power=
|Ship power=
|Ship propulsion=*2 × {{convert|800|hp|0|abbr=on}} diesels
|Ship propulsion=*2 × {{convert|800|hp|0|abbr=on}} diesels
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|Ship test depth=
|Ship test depth=
|Ship complement=3 officers, 28 men
|Ship complement=3 officers, 28 men
|Ship crew= 31
|Ship sensors=
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=*5 × [[British 18 inch torpedo|18 inch (450 mm)]] [[torpedo tube]]s (2 bow, 2 beam, 1 stern)
|Ship armament=*5 × [[British 18-inch torpedo|18-inch (450 mm)]] [[torpedo tube]]s (2 bow, 2 beam, 1 stern)
*1 × {{convert|6|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} [[Howitzer]]
*1 × {{convert|6|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} [[howitzer]]
|Ship armour=
|Ship armour=
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
}}
}}
|}
|}
'''HMS ''E20''''' was a [[British E-class submarine]] built by [[Vickers]], [[Barrow-in-Furness]]. She was laid down on 25 November 1914 and was commissioned on 30 August 1915. She was sunk, torpedoed by ''[[SM UB-14|UB-14]]'', on 6 November 1915.
'''HMS ''E20''''' was a [[British E-class submarine]] built by [[Vickers]], [[Barrow-in-Furness]]. She was laid down on 25 November 1914 and was commissioned on 30 August 1915. She was sunk, torpedoed by {{SMU|UB-14||2}}, on 6 November 1915.


==Design==
==Design==
Like all post-''E8'' [[British E-class submarine]]s, ''E20'' had a displacement of {{convert|662|t|ST}} at the surface and {{convert|807|t|ST}} while submerged. She had a total length of {{convert|180|ft|m}}<ref name="McCartneyBryan2013">{{cite book|author1=Innes McCartney|author2=Tony Bryan|title=British Submarines of World War I|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JWFapIxWZSUC&pg=PA11|date=20 February 2013|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-1-4728-0035-0|pages=11–12}}</ref> and a beam length of {{convert|22|ft|8.5|in}}. She was powered by two {{convert|800|hp}} Vickers eight-cylinder two-stroke diesel engines and two {{convert|420|hp}} electric motors.<ref name=Akerman>Akerman, P. (1989). ''Encyclopaedia of British submarines 1901&ndash;1955''. &nbsp;p.150. Maritime Books. {{ISBN|1-904381-05-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csubmarine.org/html/class/eclass.html|title=E Class|publisher=Chatham Submarines|accessdate=20 August 2015}}</ref> The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|16|kn|km/h mph}} and a submerged speed of {{convert|10|kn|km/h mph}}. British E-class submarines had fuel capacities of {{convert|50|t|ST}} of diesel and ranges of {{convert|3255|mi|km nmi}} when travelling at {{convert|10|kn|km/h mph}}.<ref name="McCartneyBryan2013"/> ''E20'' was capable of operating submerged for five hours when travelling at {{convert|5|kn|km/h mph}}.
Like all post-''E8'' [[British E-class submarine]]s, ''E20'' had a displacement of {{convert|662|LT|t|lk=on}} at the surface and {{convert|807|LT|t}} while submerged. She had a total length of {{convert|180|ft|m}}<ref name="McCartneyBryan2013">{{cite book|author1=Innes McCartney|author2=Tony Bryan|title=British Submarines of World War I|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JWFapIxWZSUC&pg=PA11|date=20 February 2013|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-1-4728-0035-0|pages=11–12}}</ref> and a beam of {{convert|22|ft|8.5|in}}. She was powered by two {{convert|800|hp|lk=in}} Vickers eight-cylinder two-stroke diesel engines and two {{convert|420|hp}} electric motors.<ref name=Akerman>Akerman, P. (1989). ''Encyclopaedia of British submarines 1901&ndash;1955''. &nbsp;p.150. Maritime Books. {{ISBN|1-904381-05-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csubmarine.org/html/class/eclass.html|title=E Class|publisher=Chatham Submarines|access-date=20 August 2015|archive-date=13 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813023119/http://csubmarine.org/html/class/eclass.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|16|kn|lk=in}} and a submerged speed of {{convert|10|kn}}. British E-class submarines had fuel capacities of {{convert|50|LT|t}} of diesel and ranges of {{convert|3255|mi|km nmi}} when travelling at {{convert|10|kn}}.<ref name="McCartneyBryan2013"/> ''E20'' was capable of operating submerged for five hours when travelling at {{convert|5|kn}}.


''E20'' was fitted, possibly uniquely within her class, with a 6-inch [[Howitzer]] deck gun, forward of the conning tower. She had five [[British 18 inch torpedo|18 inch (450 mm)]] [[torpedo tube]]s, two in the bow, one either side amidships, and one in the stern; a total of 10 torpedoes were carried.<ref name=Akerman/>
''E20'' was fitted, possibly uniquely within her class, with a 6-inch [[howitzer]] [[deck gun]], forward of the [[conning tower]]. She had five [[British 18-inch torpedo|18-inch (450 mm)]] [[torpedo tube]]s, two in the [[Bow (ship)|bow]], one either side amidships, and one in the stern; a total of 10 torpedoes were carried.<ref name=Akerman/>


E-class submarines had wireless systems with {{convert|1|kW}} power ratings; in some submarines, these were later upgraded to {{convert|3|kW}} systems by removing a midship torpedo tube. Their maximum design depth was {{convert|100|ft}} although in service some reached depths of below {{convert|200|ft}}. Some submarines contained [[Fessenden oscillator]] systems.<ref name="McCartneyBryan2013"/>
E-class submarines had wireless systems with {{convert|1|kW}} power ratings; in some submarines, these were later upgraded to {{convert|3|kW}} systems by removing a midship torpedo tube. Their maximum design depth was {{convert|100|ft}} although in service some reached depths of below {{convert|200|ft}}. Some submarines contained [[Fessenden oscillator]] systems.<ref name="McCartneyBryan2013"/>
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==Loss==
==Loss==
Operating in the eastern Mediterranean, ''E20'' was scheduled to rendez-vous with the {{ship|French submarine|Turquoise|1908|6}} on 6 November 1915. However, on 30 October, [[Ottoman Empire|Turkish]] forces sank the ''Turquoise'' off [[Nagara Point]] in the [[Dardanelles]], refloating her shortly afterwards, her confidential papers retrieved intact. Unaware of her plight, ''E20'' attempted to keep the rendez-vous. The [[Imperial German Navy]] submarine ''UB-14'', which was at [[Constantinople]], was duly sent to intercept ''E20'',<ref name=Stern-31>Stern, p. 31.</ref> reportedly going so far as to radio messages in the latest British code.<ref name=Grant-33>Grant, p. 33.</ref> Upon arriving at the designated location, ''UB-14'' surfaced and fired a torpedo at ''E20'' from a distance of {{convert|500|m|yards}}. ''E20''{{'}}s crew saw the torpedo, but it was too late to avoid the weapon.<ref name=Stern-32>Stern, p. 32.</ref> The torpedo hit ''E20''{{'}}s [[conning tower]] and sank her with the loss of 21 men.<ref name=Stern-32 /><ref name=e_20>{{cite Uboat.net | name = E 20 | id = 1768 | type = 1ship | accessdate = 14 April 2009 }}</ref><!-- number of casualties --> ''UB-14'' rescued nine, including ''E20''{{'}}s captain who,<ref name=Stern-32 /> reportedly, had been [[oral hygiene|brushing his teeth]] at the time of the attack.<ref name=Stern-34>Stern, p. 34.</ref>
Operating in the eastern Mediterranean, ''E20'' was scheduled to rendez-vous with the {{ship|French submarine|Turquoise|1908|6}} on 6 November 1915. However, on 30 October, [[Ottoman Empire|Turkish]] forces sank the ''Turquoise'' off [[Nagara Point]] in the [[Dardanelles]], refloating her shortly afterwards, her confidential papers retrieved intact. Unaware of her plight, ''E20'' attempted to keep the rendez-vous. The [[Imperial German Navy]] submarine ''UB-14'', which was at [[Constantinople]], was duly sent to intercept ''E20'',<ref name=Stern-31>Stern, p. 31.</ref> reportedly going so far as to radio messages in the latest British code.<ref name=Grant-33>Grant, p. 33.</ref> Upon arriving at the designated location, ''UB-14'' surfaced and fired a torpedo at ''E20'' from a distance of {{convert|500|m|yards}}. ''E20''{{'}}s crew saw the torpedo, but it was too late to avoid the weapon.<ref name=Stern-32>Stern, p. 32.</ref> The torpedo hit ''E20''{{'}}s conning tower and sank her with the loss of 21 men.<ref name=Stern-32 /><ref name=e_20>{{cite Uboat.net | name = E 20 | id = 1768 | type = 1ship | accessdate = 14 April 2009 }}</ref><!-- number of casualties --> ''UB-14'' rescued nine, including ''E20''{{'}}s captain who,<ref name=Stern-32 /> reportedly, had been [[oral hygiene|brushing his teeth]] at the time of the attack.<ref name=Stern-34>Stern, p. 34.</ref>

==Citations==
{{reflist}}


== References ==
== References ==
<references />
* {{cite book | last = Hutchinson | first = Robert | title = Jane's Submarines: War Beneath the Waves from 1776 to the Present Day | year = 2001 | location = [[London]] | publisher = [[HarperCollins]] | isbn = 978-0-00-710558-8 | oclc = 53783010 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/janessubmarinesw0000hutc }}
* {{cite book | last = Hutchinson | first = Robert | title = Jane's Submarines: War Beneath the Waves from 1776 to the Present Day | year = 2001 | location = [[London]] | publisher = [[HarperCollins]] | isbn = 978-0-00-710558-8 | oclc = 53783010 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/janessubmarinesw0000hutc }}
* {{cite book|last1=Stern|first1=Robert Cecil|title=The Hunter Hunted: Submarine Versus Submarine: Encounters from World War I to the Present|date=2007|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|isbn=1-59114-379-9}}
* {{cite book|last1=Stern|first1=Robert Cecil|title=The Hunter Hunted: Submarine Versus Submarine: Encounters from World War I to the Present|date=2007|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|isbn=978-1-59114-379-6}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.submarine-museum.co.uk/what-we-have/memorial-chapel/submarine-losses?start=4 'Submarine losses 1904 to present day' - Royal Navy Submarine Museum]
* [http://www.submarine-museum.co.uk/what-we-have/memorial-chapel/submarine-losses?start=4 'Submarine losses 1904 to present day' - Royal Navy Submarine Museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925133745/http://www.submarine-museum.co.uk/what-we-have/memorial-chapel/submarine-losses?start=4 |date=25 September 2015 }}

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{{British E class submarine}}
{{British E class submarine}}
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{{November 1915 shipwrecks}}
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[[Category:Ships sunk by German submarines in World War I]]
[[Category:Ships sunk by German submarines in World War I]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in Turkey]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in Turkey]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks in the Marmara Sea]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks in the Sea of Marmara]]
[[Category:Royal Navy ship names]]
[[Category:Royal Navy ship names]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1915]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1915]]

Revision as of 03:39, 22 January 2024

HMS E20 in harbour
History
United Kingdom
NameE20
BuilderVickers, Barrow
Laid down25 November 1914
Launched12 June 1915
Commissioned30 August 1915
FateSunk 6 November 1915
General characteristics
Class and typeE-class submarine
Displacement
  • 662 long tons (673 t) surfaced
  • 807 long tons (820 t) submerged
Length181 ft (55 m)
Beam15 ft (4.6 m)
Propulsion
  • 2 × 800 hp (597 kW) diesels
  • 2 × 420 hp (313 kW) electric
  • 2 screws
Speed
  • 15.25 knots (28.24 km/h; 17.55 mph) surfaced
  • 10.25 knots (18.98 km/h; 11.80 mph) submerged
Range
  • 3,000 nmi (5,600 km) at 10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced
  • 65 nmi (120 km) at 5 kn (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) submerged
Complement3 officers, 28 men
Armament

HMS E20 was a British E-class submarine built by Vickers, Barrow-in-Furness. She was laid down on 25 November 1914 and was commissioned on 30 August 1915. She was sunk, torpedoed by UB-14, on 6 November 1915.

Design

Like all post-E8 British E-class submarines, E20 had a displacement of 662 long tons (673 t) at the surface and 807 long tons (820 t) while submerged. She had a total length of 180 feet (55 m)[1] and a beam of 22 feet 8.5 inches (6.922 m). She was powered by two 800 horsepower (600 kW) Vickers eight-cylinder two-stroke diesel engines and two 420 horsepower (310 kW) electric motors.[2][3] The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph) and a submerged speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). British E-class submarines had fuel capacities of 50 long tons (51 t) of diesel and ranges of 3,255 miles (5,238 km; 2,829 nmi) when travelling at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).[1] E20 was capable of operating submerged for five hours when travelling at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph).

E20 was fitted, possibly uniquely within her class, with a 6-inch howitzer deck gun, forward of the conning tower. She had five 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes, two in the bow, one either side amidships, and one in the stern; a total of 10 torpedoes were carried.[2]

E-class submarines had wireless systems with 1 kilowatt (1.3 hp) power ratings; in some submarines, these were later upgraded to 3 kilowatts (4.0 hp) systems by removing a midship torpedo tube. Their maximum design depth was 100 feet (30 m) although in service some reached depths of below 200 feet (61 m). Some submarines contained Fessenden oscillator systems.[1]

Crew

Her complement was three officers and 28 men.[1]

Loss

Operating in the eastern Mediterranean, E20 was scheduled to rendez-vous with the French submarine Turquoise on 6 November 1915. However, on 30 October, Turkish forces sank the Turquoise off Nagara Point in the Dardanelles, refloating her shortly afterwards, her confidential papers retrieved intact. Unaware of her plight, E20 attempted to keep the rendez-vous. The Imperial German Navy submarine UB-14, which was at Constantinople, was duly sent to intercept E20,[4] reportedly going so far as to radio messages in the latest British code.[5] Upon arriving at the designated location, UB-14 surfaced and fired a torpedo at E20 from a distance of 500 metres (550 yd). E20's crew saw the torpedo, but it was too late to avoid the weapon.[6] The torpedo hit E20's conning tower and sank her with the loss of 21 men.[6][7] UB-14 rescued nine, including E20's captain who,[6] reportedly, had been brushing his teeth at the time of the attack.[8]

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d Innes McCartney; Tony Bryan (20 February 2013). British Submarines of World War I. Osprey Publishing. pp. 11–12. ISBN 978-1-4728-0035-0.
  2. ^ a b Akerman, P. (1989). Encyclopaedia of British submarines 1901–1955.  p.150. Maritime Books. ISBN 1-904381-05-7
  3. ^ "E Class". Chatham Submarines. Archived from the original on 13 August 2015. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
  4. ^ Stern, p. 31.
  5. ^ Grant, p. 33.
  6. ^ a b c Stern, p. 32.
  7. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: E 20". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 14 April 2009.
  8. ^ Stern, p. 34.

References

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