Zahir (Islam): Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Islamic term referring to outer meaning}} |
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{{Other uses|Zahir (disambiguation)}} |
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According to some [[Muslim]] groups, the Zahir is the external or apparent meaning of the [[Quran]]. In other words, this refers to interpretations of Quranic doctrine that are conducted by normal human beings. The other component of the Quran is the [[Batin (Islam)|Batin]], or the underlying, esoteric dimension of the Quran, which can only be interpreted by a figure of esoteric knowledge, who for Shi'a Muslims is [[Imamah (Shi'a doctrine)|the Imam of the Time]]. |
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'''Ẓāhir''' or '''zaher''' ({{lang-ar|ظاهر}}) is an [[Arabic]] term in some [[tafsir]] (interpretations of the [[Quran]]) for what is external and manifest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2551 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119032128/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2551 |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 19, 2015 |title=Zahir - Oxford Islamic Studies Online |publisher=University of Oxford |date=2008-05-06 |access-date=2015-12-31}}</ref> Certain esoteric interpretations of [[Islam]] maintain that the Quran has an [[exoteric]] or apparent meaning, known as ''zahir'', but also an underlying [[esoteric]] meaning, known as ''[[batin (Islam)|batin]]'' (baten), which can be interpreted only by a figure of esoteric knowledge. For [[Shi'a]] Muslims, the [[Imamah (Shi'a doctrine)|Imam of Time]] alone can understand the esoteric meaning. |
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In [[Sufism]], the actions of an individual are the ''zahir'', and the intention in the heart is the ''batin''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TlKlc5reSyAC&pg=PA200 |title=Exoteric and Esoteric|isbn=9781556434327|last1=Bayman|first1=Henry|year=2003}}</ref> ''Zahir'' is the world of bodies whereas ''batin'' is the world of [[soul]]s. Sufis believe in the purification of the ''batin'' by their spiritual guide to assure a ''zahir'' that follows [[Shariat]]. |
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''Zahir'' is also the underlying principle of the [[Ẓāhirī|Ẓāhiriyya]], a [[Madh'hab|school of thought]] in [[Fiqh|Islamic jurisprudence]] and [[Aqida|theology]] that relies only on the manifest or apparent meaning of expressions in the Quran and the [[Sunnah]]. |
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According to the "Epistle of the Right Path", a post-Mongol Persian-Ismaili treatise, the ''zahir'' (exoteric) form and the ''[[Batin (Islam)|batin]]'' (esoteric) essence co-exist, in that the ''zahir'' (exoteric) form is the manifestation of the ''batin'' (esoteric) essence. The ''zahir'' (outer form) without the ''batin'' (essence) is just like a mirage or an illusion.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Virani|first=Shafique N.|date=2010|title=The Right Path: A Post-Mongol Persian Ismaili Treatise|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210860903541988|journal=Iranian Studies|volume=43|issue=2|pages=197–221|doi=10.1080/00210860903541988|s2cid=170748666|issn=0021-0862}}</ref> |
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Many [[Isma'ilism|Ismaili]] [[Muslims|Muslim]] thinkers have stressed the importance of the balance between the exoteric (''ẓāhir'') and the esoteric (''batin'') in the understanding of faith, and have explained that spiritual interpretation ([[Esoteric interpretation of the Quran|''ta’wil'']]) entails elucidating the esoteric meaning (''bātin'') from the exoteric form (''ẓāhir'').<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Virani|first=Shafique|title=Hierohistory in Qāḍī l-Nuʿmān's Foundation of Symbolic Interpretation (Asās al-Taʾwīl): The Birth of Jesus|url=https://www.academia.edu/41992496|journal=Studies in Islamic Historiography|year=2019 |page=147 |language=en}}</ref> |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{Islam topics}} |
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{{Islamic theology |state=collapsed}} |
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[[Category:Arabic words and phrases]] |
[[Category:Arabic words and phrases]] |
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[[Category:Quranic exegesis]] |
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{{Islam-stub}} |
{{Islam-stub}} |
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[[fa:ظاهر (اسلام)]] |
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Revision as of 18:04, 15 January 2024
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Ẓāhir or zaher (Arabic: ظاهر) is an Arabic term in some tafsir (interpretations of the Quran) for what is external and manifest.[1] Certain esoteric interpretations of Islam maintain that the Quran has an exoteric or apparent meaning, known as zahir, but also an underlying esoteric meaning, known as batin (baten), which can be interpreted only by a figure of esoteric knowledge. For Shi'a Muslims, the Imam of Time alone can understand the esoteric meaning.
In Sufism, the actions of an individual are the zahir, and the intention in the heart is the batin.[2] Zahir is the world of bodies whereas batin is the world of souls. Sufis believe in the purification of the batin by their spiritual guide to assure a zahir that follows Shariat.
Zahir is also the underlying principle of the Ẓāhiriyya, a school of thought in Islamic jurisprudence and theology that relies only on the manifest or apparent meaning of expressions in the Quran and the Sunnah.
According to the "Epistle of the Right Path", a post-Mongol Persian-Ismaili treatise, the zahir (exoteric) form and the batin (esoteric) essence co-exist, in that the zahir (exoteric) form is the manifestation of the batin (esoteric) essence. The zahir (outer form) without the batin (essence) is just like a mirage or an illusion.[3]
Many Ismaili Muslim thinkers have stressed the importance of the balance between the exoteric (ẓāhir) and the esoteric (batin) in the understanding of faith, and have explained that spiritual interpretation (ta’wil) entails elucidating the esoteric meaning (bātin) from the exoteric form (ẓāhir).[4]
References
- ^ "Zahir - Oxford Islamic Studies Online". University of Oxford. 2008-05-06. Archived from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved 2015-12-31.
- ^ Bayman, Henry (2003). Exoteric and Esoteric. ISBN 9781556434327.
- ^ Virani, Shafique N. (2010). "The Right Path: A Post-Mongol Persian Ismaili Treatise". Iranian Studies. 43 (2): 197–221. doi:10.1080/00210860903541988. ISSN 0021-0862. S2CID 170748666.
- ^ Virani, Shafique (2019). "Hierohistory in Qāḍī l-Nuʿmān's Foundation of Symbolic Interpretation (Asās al-Taʾwīl): The Birth of Jesus". Studies in Islamic Historiography: 147.
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