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{{Short description|Asteroid}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| minorplanet = 9912 melvin ave
| name = 9912 Donizetti
| background = #FFFFC0
| background = #D6D6D6
| apsis =
| image = AnimatedOrbitOf9912Donizetti.gif
| name = 9912 Donizetti
| image_scale =
| symbol =
| caption = {{longitem|Orbit of ''Donizetti'' (blue) with the [[inner planets]] and [[Jupiter]] (outermost)}}
| image = [[Image:AnimatedOrbitOf9912Donizetti.gif]]
| discovery_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| caption = Orbit of 9912 Donizetti (blue), planets (red) and the [[Sun]] (black). The outermost planet visible is [[Jupiter]].
| discovered = 16 October 1977
| discovery_ref =
| discoverer = [[Cornelis Johannes van Houten|C. J. van Houten]], [[I. van Houten-Groeneveld]] & [[T. Gehrels]]
| discoverer = [[Cornelis Johannes van Houten|C. J. van Houten]]<br />[[Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld|I. van Houten-G.]]<br />[[Tom Gehrels|T. Gehrels]]
| discovery_site = [[Palomar Observatory|Palomar Obs.]]
| discovered = 16 October 1977
| mp_name = 9912 Donizetti
| mpc_name = (9912) Donizetti
| alt_names = 2078 T-3, {{mp|1979 BH|1}}, {{mp|1989 SJ|10}}
| alt_names = 2078 T-3{{·}}{{mp|1979 BH|1}}<br />{{mp|1989 SJ|10}}
| pronounced =
| named_after = [[Gaetano Donizetti]]
| named_after = [[Gaetano Donizetti]]<br />{{small|(Italian composer)}}<ref name="springer" />
| mp_category =
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|middle]])}}{{·}}Rafita&thinsp;<ref name="Broz-2013" /><ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />{{rp|23}}
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| orbit_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch = 13 January 2016 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2457400.5)
| epoch = 4 September 2017 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458000.5)
| aphelion = {{Convert|2.9475374|AU|Gm|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| uncertainty = 0
| perihelion = {{Convert|2.178171|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| observation_arc = 39.66 yr (14,486 days)
| semimajor = {{Convert|2.5628540|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| aphelion = 2.9466 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| eccentricity = 0.1500996
| perihelion = 2.1790 AU
| period = 4.10 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1498.6 [[Julian year (astronomy)|d]])
| semimajor = 2.5628 AU
| avg_speed =
| eccentricity = 0.1498
| inclination = 7.263966°
| period = 4.10 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1,499 days)
| asc_node = 344.19245°
| mean_anomaly = 276.85232[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_anomaly = 61.175[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2402|sup=ms}} / day
| arg_peri = 227.74137°
| inclination = 7.2616°
| satellites =
| asc_node = 344.18°
| dimensions = ~37.1 km<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1538-3881/123/2/1056/FP206.txt?request-id=ZkkEm1jA3BGTV3i82wi7Kg|title = The supplemental IRAS minor planet survey (SIMPS)|author = Tedesco E.F.|author2 = Noah P.V.|author3 = Noah M.|author4 = Price S.D.}}</ref>
| arg_peri = 227.50°
| mass =
| dimensions = 6.54 km {{small|(calculated)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|6.922|0.310}} km<ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Masiero-2011" />
| density =
| rotation = {{val|6.228|0.0018}} [[Hour|h]] {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Waszczak-2015" /><br />{{val|6.230|0.0018}} [[Hour|h]] {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />
| surface_grav =
| albedo = 0.20 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|0.255|0.043}}<ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Masiero-2011" />
| escape_velocity =
| spectral_type = [[S-type asteroid|S]]&thinsp;<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Veres-2015" />
| sidereal_day =
| abs_magnitude = {{val|12.838|0.003}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />{{·}}12.9<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="WISE" />{{·}}{{val|12.903|0.003}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />{{·}}{{val|13.08|0.35}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />{{·}}13.29<ref name="lcdb" />
| axial_tilt =
| pole_ecliptic_lat =
| pole_ecliptic_lon =
| albedo = ~0.01
| temperatures=yes
| temp_name1 = [[Kelvin]]
| mean_temp_1 =
| max_temp_1 =
| temp_name2 = Celsius
| max_temp_2 =
| spectral_type = [[S-type asteroid]]<ref>{{cite web|url = http://people.roma2.infn.it/~masi/sdss_smass/|title = Search for Unusual Spectroscopic Candidates Among 40313 minor planets from the 3rd Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Moving Object Catalog|author = Gianluca Masi|author2 = Sergio Foglia|author3 = Richard P. Binzel|last-author-amp = yes}}</ref>
| abs_magnitude = 12.9
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2402250|sup=ms}} / day
| rotation = {{Convert|6.2281|h|d|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| observation_arc = 14044 days (38.45 yr)
| uncertainty = 0
| moid = {{Convert|1.18057|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| jupiter_moid = {{Convert|2.05379|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| tisserand = 3.407
}}
}}


'''9912 Donizetti''', provisional designation {{mp|2078 T-3}}, is a stony Rafita [[asteroid]] from the central regions of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately 7&nbsp;km in diameter. It was discovered during the third [[Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey]] in 1977, and named after Italian composer [[Gaetano Donizetti]].
'''9912 Donizetti''' is an [[S-type asteroid|S-type]] [[main belt asteroid]]. It [[orbit]]s the [[Sun]] once every 4.11 years.<ref name="jpldata">{{Cite web |url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=9912;cad=1 |title=9912 Donizetti (2078 T-3) |work=[[JPL Small-Body Database]] |publisher=[[NASA]]/[[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] |access-date=13 April 2016}}</ref> It is associated with the [[Rafita family]] of asteroids.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.psi.edu/pds/resource/family.html|first=Vincenzo |last=Zappalà |authorlink=Vincenzo Zappalà |first2=Philippe |last2=Bendjoya |first3=Alberto |last3=Cellino |first4=Paolo |last4=Farinella |first5=Claude |last5=Froeschlé |title = Asteroid Dynamical Families.|work = EAR-A-5-DDR-FAMILY-V4.1|publisher = NASA Planetary Data System|date = 1997}}</ref>


== Discovery ==
Discovered on October 16, 1977 by [[Cornelis Johannes van Houten]] and [[Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld]] on [[photographic plates]] taken by [[Tom Gehrels]] with the [[Samuel Oschin telescope]] at the [[Palomar Observatory]], it was given the [[provisional designation]] "2078 T-3". It was later renamed "Donizetti" after [[Italian people|Italian]] composer [[Gaetano Donizetti]].<ref>MPC 34356 ''Minor Planet Center''</ref>

''Donizetti'' was discovered on 16 October 1977, by the Dutch astronomers [[Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld|Ingrid]] and [[Cornelis van Houten]], on [[photographic plate]]s taken by Dutch–American astronomer [[Tom Gehrels]] at [[Palomar Observatory]] in California, United States.<ref name="MPC-Donizetti" />

=== Trojan survey ===

The [[survey designation]] "T-3" stands for the third and last [[Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey]], named after the fruitful collaboration of the Palomar and [[Leiden Observatory]] in the 1960s and 1970s. Gehrels used Palomar's [[Samuel Oschin telescope]] (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the [[photographic plate]]s to Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden Observatory where [[astrometry]] was carried out. The trio are credited with the discovery of several thousand asteroids.<ref name="MPC-discoverers" />

== Orbit and classification ==

It orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|central]] main-belt at a distance of 2.2–2.9&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 4 years and 1 month (1,499 days). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.15 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 7[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" />

The body's [[observation arc]] begins at the discovering Palomar Observatory on 7 October 1977, just 9 days prior to its official discovery observation.<ref name="MPC-Donizetti" />

=== Rafita family ===

''Donizetti'' is a [[S-type asteroid|stony member]] of the [[Rafita family]], which is located in the central main-belt just beyond the 3:1 mean-motion [[orbital resonance]] with [[Jupiter]]. The family consists of more than a thousand members, the largest being [[1658 Innes]] and [[1587 Kahrstedt]], approximately 14 and 15&nbsp;km in diameter, respectively. The family's namesake, [[1644 Rafita]], is considered an [[interloper (asteroids)|interloper]] to the family itself.<ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />{{rp|23}}

== Physical characteristics ==

''Donizetti'' has been characterized as a stony [[S-type asteroid]] by [[Pan-STARRS]] photometric survey.<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Veres-2015" />

=== Rotation period ===

In October 2010, a rotational [[lightcurve]] of ''Donizetti'' was obtained from photometric observations in the R-band at the [[Palomar Transient Factory]] (PTF) in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a [[rotation period]] of 6.228 hours with a brightness variation of 0.19 [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=2]]}}).<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />

In December 2011, PTF obtained a second lightcurve, also in the R-band, that gave a concurring period of 6.230 hours and a higher amplitude of 0.32 magnitude.({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=2]]}}).<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />

=== Diameter and albedo ===

According to the surveys carried out by the [[NEOWISE]] mission of NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]], ''Donizetti'' measures 6.922&nbsp;km in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] of 0.255.<ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Masiero-2011" />

The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 6.54&nbsp;km based on an [[absolute magnitude]] of 13.29.<ref name="lcdb" />

== Naming ==

This [[minor planet]] was named for Italian composer of symphonies, church and chamber music and operas, Gaetano Donizetti (1797–1848).<ref name="springer" /> The approved naming citation was published by the [[Minor Planet Center]] on 2 April 1999 ({{small|[[Minor Planet Circulars|M.P.C.]] 34356}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
{{Reflist}}

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2017-06-05 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 9912 Donizetti (2078 T-3)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2009912
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200919230706/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2009912
|archive-date = 19 September 2020
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|access-date = 23 June 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="springer">{{cite book
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names |publisher = [[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]]
|page = 713
|date = 2007
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_7751 |chapter = (9912) Donizetti }}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-Donizetti">{{cite web
|title = 9912 Donizetti (2078 T-3)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=9912
|access-date = 23 June 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web
|title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
|access-date = 23 June 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-discoverers">{{cite web
|title = Minor Planet Discoverers
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/MPDiscsNum.html
|date = 24 April 2016
|access-date = 23 June 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Broz-2013">{{Cite journal
|first1 = M. |last1 = Broz
|first2 = A. |last2 = Morbidelli
|first3 = W. F. |last3 = Bottke
|first4 = J. |last4 = Rozehnal
|first5 = D. |last5 = Vokrouhlický
|first6 = D. |last6 = Nesvorný
|date = March 2013
|title = Constraining the cometary flux through the asteroid belt during the late heavy bombardment
|journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics
|volume = 551
|page = 16
|bibcode = 2013A&A...551A.117B
|doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201219296
|arxiv = 1301.6221}}</ref>

<ref name="Nesvorny-2014">{{Cite book
|first1 = D. |last1 = Nesvorný
|first2 = M. |last2 = Broz
|first3 = V. |last3 = Carruba
|date = December 2014
|chapter = Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families
|title = Asteroids IV
|pages = 297–321
|bibcode = 2015aste.book..297N
|doi = 10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016
|arxiv = 1502.01628
|isbn = 978-0-8165-3213-1}}</ref>

<ref name="Masiero-2011">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = T. |last3 = Grav
|first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = J. |last6 = Dailey
|first7 = P. R. M. |last7 = Eisenhardt
|first8 = R. S. |last8 = McMillan
|first9 = T. B. |last9 = Spahr
|first10 = M. F. |last10 = Skrutskie
|first11 = D. |last11 = Tholen
|first12 = R. G. |last12 = Walker
|first13 = E. L. |last13 = Wright
|first14 = E. |last14 = DeBaun
|first15 = D. |last15 = Elsbury
|first16 = T. IV |last16 = Gautier
|first17 = S. |last17 = Gomillion
|first18 = A. |last18 = Wilkins
|date = November 2011
|title = Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...68M
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|issue = 2
|page = 20
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...68M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68
|arxiv = 1109.4096
|access-date = 23 June 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (9912) Donizetti
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=9912%7CDonizetti
|access-date = 23 June 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero
|first4 = E. |last4 = Hand
|first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen
|first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan
|first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr
|first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri
|first10 = E. |last10 = Wright
|first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins
|first12 = W. |last12 = Mo
|first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski
|date = November 2011
|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|issue = 2
|page = 25
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90
|arxiv = 1109.6407}}</ref>

<ref name="Waszczak-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Adam |last1 = Waszczak
|first2 = Chan-Kao |last2 = Chang
|first3 = Eran O. |last3 = Ofek
|first4 = Russ |last4 = Laher
|first5 = Frank |last5 = Masci
|first6 = David |last6 = Levitan
|first7 = Jason |last7 = Surace
|first8 = Yu-Chi |last8 = Cheng
|first9 = Wing-Huen |last9 = Ip
|first10 = Daisuke |last10 = Kinoshita
|first11 = George |last11 = Helou
|first12 = Thomas A. |last12 = Prince
|first13 = Shrinivas |last13 = Kulkarni
|date = September 2015
|title = Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015AJ....150...75W
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 150
|issue = 3
|page = 35
|bibcode = 2015AJ....150...75W
|doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75
|arxiv = 1504.04041
|access-date= 23 June 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres
|first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke
|first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons
|first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau
|first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik
|first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin
|first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel
|first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat
|first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett
|first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers
|first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling
|first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser
|first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier
|first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan
|first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price
|first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry
|first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters
|date = November 2015
|title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 261
|pages = 34–47
|bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007
|arxiv = 1506.00762
|access-date= 23 June 2017}}</ref>

}} <!-- end of reflist -->


==External links==
== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs005001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (5001)-(10000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|9912}}
* {{JPL small body}}
* {{JPL small body}}


{{Minor planets navigator|9911 Quantz|number=9912|9913 Humperdinck}}
{{Minor planets navigator |9911 Quantz |number=9912 |9913 Humperdinck}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Donizetti}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Donizetti}}
[[Category:Rafita asteroids|009912]]
[[Category:Rafita asteroids|009912]]
[[Category:Numbered minor planets|009912]]
[[Category:Minor planets named for people|Donizetti]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Cornelis Johannes van Houten]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Cornelis Johannes van Houten]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Tom Gehrels]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Tom Gehrels]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1977|19771016]]
[[Category:S-type asteroids|009912]]
[[Category:Discoveries by the Palomar–Leiden Trojan-3 survey|2078]]
[[Category:Discoveries by the Palomar–Leiden Trojan-3 survey|2078]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]

[[Category:S-type asteroids|009912]]

[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1977|19771016]]
{{S-beltasteroid-stub}}
[[Category:Gaetano Donizetti]]

Latest revision as of 21:25, 14 January 2024

9912 Donizetti
Orbit of Donizetti (blue) with the inner planets and Jupiter (outermost)
Discovery [1]
Discovered byC. J. van Houten
I. van Houten-G.
T. Gehrels
Discovery sitePalomar Obs.
Discovery date16 October 1977
Designations
(9912) Donizetti
Named after
Gaetano Donizetti
(Italian composer)[2]
2078 T-3 · 1979 BH1
1989 SJ10
main-belt · (middle) · Rafita [3][4]: 23 
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc39.66 yr (14,486 days)
Aphelion2.9466 AU
Perihelion2.1790 AU
2.5628 AU
Eccentricity0.1498
4.10 yr (1,499 days)
61.175°
0° 14m 24.72s / day
Inclination7.2616°
344.18°
227.50°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions6.54 km (calculated)[5]
6.922±0.310 km[6][7]
6.228±0.0018 h (R)[8]
6.230±0.0018 h (R)[8]
0.20 (assumed)[5]
0.255±0.043[6][7]
S [5][9]
12.838±0.003 (R)[8] · 12.9[1][6] · 12.903±0.003 (R)[8] · 13.08±0.35[9] · 13.29[5]

9912 Donizetti, provisional designation 2078 T-3, is a stony Rafita asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 km in diameter. It was discovered during the third Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey in 1977, and named after Italian composer Gaetano Donizetti.

Discovery

[edit]

Donizetti was discovered on 16 October 1977, by the Dutch astronomers Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten, on photographic plates taken by Dutch–American astronomer Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory in California, United States.[10]

Trojan survey

[edit]

The survey designation "T-3" stands for the third and last Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey, named after the fruitful collaboration of the Palomar and Leiden Observatory in the 1960s and 1970s. Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the photographic plates to Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden Observatory where astrometry was carried out. The trio are credited with the discovery of several thousand asteroids.[11]

Orbit and classification

[edit]

It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.2–2.9 AU once every 4 years and 1 month (1,499 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.15 and an inclination of 7° with respect to the ecliptic.[1]

The body's observation arc begins at the discovering Palomar Observatory on 7 October 1977, just 9 days prior to its official discovery observation.[10]

Rafita family

[edit]

Donizetti is a stony member of the Rafita family, which is located in the central main-belt just beyond the 3:1 mean-motion orbital resonance with Jupiter. The family consists of more than a thousand members, the largest being 1658 Innes and 1587 Kahrstedt, approximately 14 and 15 km in diameter, respectively. The family's namesake, 1644 Rafita, is considered an interloper to the family itself.[4]: 23 

Physical characteristics

[edit]

Donizetti has been characterized as a stony S-type asteroid by Pan-STARRS photometric survey.[5][9]

Rotation period

[edit]

In October 2010, a rotational lightcurve of Donizetti was obtained from photometric observations in the R-band at the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 6.228 hours with a brightness variation of 0.19 magnitude (U=2).[8]

In December 2011, PTF obtained a second lightcurve, also in the R-band, that gave a concurring period of 6.230 hours and a higher amplitude of 0.32 magnitude.(U=2).[8]

Diameter and albedo

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According to the surveys carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Donizetti measures 6.922 km in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.255.[6][7]

The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 6.54 km based on an absolute magnitude of 13.29.[5]

Naming

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This minor planet was named for Italian composer of symphonies, church and chamber music and operas, Gaetano Donizetti (1797–1848).[2] The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 2 April 1999 (M.P.C. 34356).[12]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 9912 Donizetti (2078 T-3)" (2017-06-05 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from the original on 19 September 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  2. ^ a b Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(9912) Donizetti". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 713. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_7751. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
  3. ^ Broz, M.; Morbidelli, A.; Bottke, W. F.; Rozehnal, J.; Vokrouhlický, D.; Nesvorný, D. (March 2013). "Constraining the cometary flux through the asteroid belt during the late heavy bombardment". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 551: 16. arXiv:1301.6221. Bibcode:2013A&A...551A.117B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219296.
  4. ^ a b Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). "Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families". Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 978-0-8165-3213-1.
  5. ^ a b c d e f "LCDB Data for (9912) Donizetti". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  6. ^ a b c d Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
  7. ^ a b c Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J.; et al. (November 2011). "Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 20. arXiv:1109.4096. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...68M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  8. ^ a b c d e f Waszczak, Adam; Chang, Chan-Kao; Ofek, Eran O.; Laher, Russ; Masci, Frank; Levitan, David; et al. (September 2015). "Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry". The Astronomical Journal. 150 (3): 35. arXiv:1504.04041. Bibcode:2015AJ....150...75W. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  9. ^ a b c Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  10. ^ a b "9912 Donizetti (2078 T-3)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  11. ^ "Minor Planet Discoverers". Minor Planet Center. 24 April 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  12. ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
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