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{{Short description|Species of hawthorn}}
{{italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
{{taxobox
|image = Crataegus-mollis-flowers.jpg
|image = Crataegus-mollis-flowers.jpg
| status = LC
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| status_system = IUCN3.1
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
| status_ref = <ref>{{Cite iucn|title=''Crataegus mollis''|page=e.T135957515A135957517|year=2018|access-date=1 March 2022|author=Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI)|author2=IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T135957515A135957517.en|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/135957515/135957517}}</ref>
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
⚫
|genus = Crataegus
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
|display_parents = 2
|ordo = [[Rosales]]
⚫
|parent = Crataegus ser. Molles
|familia = [[Rosaceae]]
⚫
|species = mollis
⚫
|genus = ''[[Crataegus]]''
⚫
|authority = ([[John Torrey|Torr.]] & [[Asa Gray|A.Gray]]) Scheele
⚫
|series = ''[[Crataegus series Molles|Molles]]''
|series_authority = ([[Chauncey Delos Beadle|Beadle]] ex [[Charles Sprague Sargent|Sarg.]]) [[Alfred Rehder|Rehder]]<ref name=Phipps>Phipps, J.B.; Robertson, K.R.; Smith, P.G.; Rohrer, J.R. (1990). A checklist of the subfamily Maloideae (Rosaceae). ''Canadian Journal of Botany''. 68(10): 2209–2269.</ref>
⚫
|species = '''''C. mollis'''''
|binomial = ''Crataegus mollis''
⚫
|binomial_authority = ([[John Torrey|Torr.]] & [[Asa Gray|A.Gray]]) Scheele
|synonyms =
|synonyms =
* ''C. coccinea'' var. ''mollis'' Torrey & A.Gray
* ''C. coccinea'' var. ''mollis'' Torrey & A.Gray
|synonyms_ref = <ref name=FNA>{{citation |author=Phipps, J.B. |year=2015 |title=Flora of North America North of Mexico |chapter=''Crataegus mollis'' (Torrey & A. Gray) Scheele, Linnaea. 21: 569. 1848 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, Oxford |editor1=L. Brouillet |editor2=K. Gandhi |editor3=C.L. Howard |editor4=H. Jeude |editor5=R.W. Kiger |editor6=J.B. Phipps |editor7=A.C. Pryor |editor8=H.H. Schmidt |editor9=J.L. Strother |editor10=J.L. Zarucchi |volume=Volume 9: Magnoliophyta: Picramniaceae to Rosaceae |chapter-url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416344}}</ref>
|synonyms_ref = <ref name=FNA>{{citation |author=Phipps, J.B. |year=2015 |title=Flora of North America North of Mexico |chapter=''Crataegus mollis'' (Torrey & A. Gray) Scheele, Linnaea. 21: 569. 1848 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, Oxford |editor1=L. Brouillet |editor2=K. Gandhi |editor3=C.L. Howard |editor4=H. Jeude |editor5=R.W. Kiger |editor6=J.B. Phipps |editor7=A.C. Pryor |editor8=H.H. Schmidt |editor9=J.L. Strother |editor10=J.L. Zarucchi |volume=9: Magnoliophyta: Picramniaceae to Rosaceae |chapter-url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416344}}</ref>
|}}
}}


'''''Crataegus mollis''''', known as '''downy hawthorn''' or '''red hawthorn''', occurs in eastern [[North America]] from southeastern [[North Dakota]] east to [[Nova Scotia]] and southwest to eastern [[Texas]]. This tree inhabits wooded bottomlands, the prairie border, and the midwest [[savanna]] understorey.
'''''Crataegus mollis''''', known as '''downy hawthorn''' or '''red hawthorn''', is a species of plant that occurs in eastern [[North America]] from southeastern [[North Dakota]] east to [[Nova Scotia]] and southwest to eastern [[Texas]]. The range of this species is from southern Ontario and Michigan to eastern North Dakota and southward to [[Denison, Texas]], and Arizona.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Palmer|first=Ernest|date=1946|title=Crataegus in the Northeastern and Central United States and Adjacent Canada.|journal=Brittonia|volume=5|issue=5|pages=471–490|doi=10.2307/2804829|jstor=2804829|s2cid=23125349}}</ref> This tree inhabits wooded bottomlands, the prairie border, and the midwest [[savanna]] understorey.


==Description==
⚫
This tree grows to 10–13 m high with a dense crown of thorny branches and an ash-grey trunk. The [[leaf|leaves]] are 5–10&nbsp;cm in length and often drop in late summer due to defoliation by leaf diseases. The tree seems to suffer little from the early loss of its leaves. Among the earliest in the genus to bloom, downy hawthorn also has earliest ripening fruit, which decorate the defoliated tree in late summer and early fall. It is closely related to ''[[Crataegus submollis]]'', but the two species have separate native ranges. Amongst other differences between these two species, ''C. submollis'' has approximately 10 stamens, whereas ''C. mollis'' has approximately 20 stamens per flower.<ref>Phipps, J.B., O’Kennon, R.J., Lance, R.W. (2003). ''Hawthorns and medlars''. Royal Horticultural Society, Cambridge, U.K.</ref>
[[File:Crataegus-mollis-fruit.jpg|left|thumb|Fruit of ''Crataegus mollis''.]]
⚫
This tree grows to {{Convert|10|-|13|m|abbr=on}} high with a dense crown of thorny branches and an ash-grey trunk. The [[leaf|leaves]] are {{Convert|5|-|10|cm|abbr=on}} in length and often drop in late summer due to [[Defoliant|defoliation]] by leaf diseases. The tree seems to suffer little from the early loss of its leaves. Among the earliest in the genus to bloom, downy hawthorn also has earliest ripening fruit, which decorate the defoliated tree in late summer and early fall. The large brightly colored edible fruit of the species ripen from the middle of August to early in September.<ref name=":0" /> It is closely related to ''[[Crataegus submollis]]'', but the two species have separate native ranges. Amongst other differences between these two species, ''C. submollis'' has approximately 10 [[Stamen|stamens]], whereas ''C. mollis'' has approximately 20 stamens per flower.<ref>Phipps, J.B., O'Kennon, R.J., Lance, R.W. (2003). ''Hawthorns and medlars''. Royal Horticultural Society, Cambridge, U.K.</ref>


The white [[flower]]s are borne in clusters at the end of the branches in spring. The bright red edible fruit ripens in late summer and early fall and falls soon after.
The white [[flower]]s are borne in clusters at the end of the branches in spring. The bright red edible fruit ripens in late summer and early fall<ref>{{cite book|last=Little|first=Elbert L.|title=The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Eastern Region|publisher=Knopf|location=New York|year=1980|isbn=0-394-50760-6|page=477}}</ref> and falls soon after.


This species is a target of [[Gypsy moth]]s. Leaf rusts and [[fireblight]] are among the many foliage diseases to affect this species. The sharp thorns are a hazard.{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}}
This species is a target of [[Gypsy moth]]s. Leaf rusts and [[fire blight]] are among the many foliage diseases to affect this species. The sharp thorns are a hazard.{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}}


This species is uncommon in cultivation.
This species is uncommon in cultivation.


The seeds of the species usually do not germinate until two to three years after the fruit has ripened as they have a latent period.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Davis|first1=Wilmer|last2=Rose|first2=R. Catlin|date=1912|title=The Effect of External Conditions Upon the After-Ripening of the Seeds of Crataegus mollis|journal=Botanical Gazette|volume=54|issue=1|pages=49–62|doi=10.1086/330863|s2cid=84608408}}</ref>
==Images==

==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Crataegus-mollis-trunk.jpg
Crataegus-mollis-trunk.jpg
Image:Crataegus-mollis-bud-break.jpg
Crataegus-mollis-bud-break.jpg
Image:Crataegus-mollis-fruit.jpg
</gallery>
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
<references/>
*Sternberg, G. (2004). ''Native Trees for North American Landscapes'' pp.&nbsp;264. Timber Press, Inc.
*Sternberg, G. (2004). ''Native Trees for North American Landscapes'' pp.&nbsp;264. Timber Press, Inc.

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2671022}}


[[Category:Flora of Canada]]
[[Category:Flora of Canada]]
[[Category:Crataegus|mollis]]
[[Category:Crataegus|mollis]]
[[Category:Trees of the Southeastern United States]]
[[Category:Trees of Northern America]]
[[Category:Flora of North America]]
[[Category:Flora of Northern America]]

Latest revision as of 13:31, 23 December 2023

Crataegus mollis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Crataegus
Section: Crataegus sect. Coccineae
Series: Crataegus ser. Molles
Species:
C. mollis
Binomial name
Crataegus mollis
(Torr. & A.Gray) Scheele
Synonyms[2]
  • C. coccinea var. mollis Torrey & A.Gray

Crataegus mollis, known as downy hawthorn or red hawthorn, is a species of plant that occurs in eastern North America from southeastern North Dakota east to Nova Scotia and southwest to eastern Texas. The range of this species is from southern Ontario and Michigan to eastern North Dakota and southward to Denison, Texas, and Arizona.[3] This tree inhabits wooded bottomlands, the prairie border, and the midwest savanna understorey.

Description

[edit]
Fruit of Crataegus mollis.

This tree grows to 10–13 m (33–43 ft) high with a dense crown of thorny branches and an ash-grey trunk. The leaves are 5–10 cm (2.0–3.9 in) in length and often drop in late summer due to defoliation by leaf diseases. The tree seems to suffer little from the early loss of its leaves. Among the earliest in the genus to bloom, downy hawthorn also has earliest ripening fruit, which decorate the defoliated tree in late summer and early fall. The large brightly colored edible fruit of the species ripen from the middle of August to early in September.[3] It is closely related to Crataegus submollis, but the two species have separate native ranges. Amongst other differences between these two species, C. submollis has approximately 10 stamens, whereas C. mollis has approximately 20 stamens per flower.[4]

The white flowers are borne in clusters at the end of the branches in spring. The bright red edible fruit ripens in late summer and early fall[5] and falls soon after.

This species is a target of Gypsy moths. Leaf rusts and fire blight are among the many foliage diseases to affect this species. The sharp thorns are a hazard.[citation needed]

This species is uncommon in cultivation.

The seeds of the species usually do not germinate until two to three years after the fruit has ripened as they have a latent period.[6]

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI); IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2018). "Crataegus mollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T135957515A135957517. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T135957515A135957517.en. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
  2. ^ Phipps, J.B. (2015), "Crataegus mollis (Torrey & A. Gray) Scheele, Linnaea. 21: 569. 1848", in L. Brouillet; K. Gandhi; C.L. Howard; H. Jeude; R.W. Kiger; J.B. Phipps; A.C. Pryor; H.H. Schmidt; J.L. Strother; J.L. Zarucchi (eds.), Flora of North America North of Mexico, vol. 9: Magnoliophyta: Picramniaceae to Rosaceae, New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b Palmer, Ernest (1946). "Crataegus in the Northeastern and Central United States and Adjacent Canada". Brittonia. 5 (5): 471–490. doi:10.2307/2804829. JSTOR 2804829. S2CID 23125349.
  4. ^ Phipps, J.B., O'Kennon, R.J., Lance, R.W. (2003). Hawthorns and medlars. Royal Horticultural Society, Cambridge, U.K.
  5. ^ Little, Elbert L. (1980). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Eastern Region. New York: Knopf. p. 477. ISBN 0-394-50760-6.
  6. ^ Davis, Wilmer; Rose, R. Catlin (1912). "The Effect of External Conditions Upon the After-Ripening of the Seeds of Crataegus mollis". Botanical Gazette. 54 (1): 49–62. doi:10.1086/330863. S2CID 84608408.
  • Sternberg, G. (2004). Native Trees for North American Landscapes pp. 264. Timber Press, Inc.
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