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{{Short description|Sri Lankan tobacco company}}
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| name = Ceylon Tobacco Company PLC
| name = Ceylon Tobacco Company PLC
| logo = File:Ceylon Tobacco Company Logo.png
| logo = Ceylon Tobacco Company Logo.png
| logo_caption = Logo of Ceylon Tobacco Company
| logo_size =
| type = [[Public company|Public]] [[Subsidiary]]
| logo_caption =
| traded_as = {{Unbulleted list|{{Colombo Stock Exchange|CTC.N0000}}|[[S&P Sri Lanka 20 Index]] component}}
| image =
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|LK0042N00008}}
| image_caption =
| industry = [[Tobacco industry|Tobacco]]
| trading_name =
| founded = {{start date and age|1906}}
| native_name =
| hq_location_city = [[Colombo]]
| native_name_lang =
| hq_location_country = Sri Lanka
| romanized =
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list|Suresh Shah (Chairman)|Monisha Abraham (Managing Director/CEO)}}
| former type =
| revenue = {{increase}} [[Sri Lankan rupee|LKR]]134.369 billion
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| revenue_year = 2021
| traded_as = {{Colombo Stock Exchange|CTC.N0000}}
| operating_income = {{increase}} LKR26.127 billion
| industry = {{ubl|Tobacco|Food and Beverage}}
| genre =
| income_year = 2021
| net_income = {{increase}} LKR16.146 billion
| fate =
| predecessor =
| net_income_year = 2021
| assets = {{increase}} LKR26.468 billion
| successor =
| assets_year = 2021
| foundation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1906}}
| equity = {{increase}} LKR8.987 billion
| founder =
| defunct =
| equity_year = 2021
| owners = {{Unbulleted list|[[Philip Morris International|Philip Morris Brand SARL]] (8.32%)}}
| location_city = [[Colombo]]
| num_employees = {{increase}} 269
| location_country = [[Sri Lanka]]
| num_employees_year = 2022
| locations =
| parent = [[British American Tobacco|British American Tobacco International Holdings BV]] (84.13%)
| area_served = Sri Lanka
| website = {{URL|https://www.ceylontobaccocompany.com/}}
| key_people = {{ubl|Suresh Kumar<small>([[Chairman]])</small>|Nedal Salem <small>([[CEO]])</small>}}
| footnotes = <ref name="Annual Report">{{cite web |title=Annual Report 2021/22 |url=https://cdn.cse.lk/cmt/upload_report_file/460_1650882497084.pdf |website=cse.lk |publisher=Ceylon Tobacco Company PLC |access-date=13 April 2023}}</ref>
| products =
| production =
| services =
| revenue = {{Decrease}} [[Sri Lankan rupee|Rs]] 132.148 billion <small>(2020)</small><ref name="ctc2020">{{cite web|title=Ceylon Tobacco Company Annual Report 2020|url=https://cdn.cse.lk/cmt/upload_report_file/460_1619687146669.pdf|website=Ceylon Tobacco Company |publisher=|accessdate=}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{decrease}} Rs 24.670 billion <small>(2020)</small><ref name="ctc2020"/>
| net_income = {{decrease}} Rs 15.578 billion <small>(2020)</small><ref name="ctc2020"/>
| assets = {{decrease}} Rs 21.721 billion <small>(2020)</small><ref name="ctc2020"/>
| equity = {{decrease}} Rs 4.602 billion <small>(2020)</small><ref name="ctc2020"/>
| owner = [[British American Tobacco]]
| num_employees = {{decrease}} 262 <small>(2020)</small>
| parent = British American Tobacco Holdings (Sri Lanka) BV (84.13%)<br>[[Philip Morris International]] (8.32%)<ref name="ctc2020"/>
| divisions =
| subsid =
| homepage = {{url|http://www.ceylontobaccocompany.com/|ceylontobaccocompany.com}}
| footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Ceylon Tobacco Company Annual Report 2012|url=https://www.cse.lk/cmt/upload_report_file/460_1362481699706.pdf|publisher=[[Colombo Stock Exchange]]|page=70|access-date=2013-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215173810/https://www.cse.lk/cmt/upload_report_file/460_1362481699706.pdf|archive-date=2013-12-15|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ceylon Tobacco Company Annual Report 2012|url=https://www.cse.lk/cmt/upload_report_file/460_1362481699706.pdf|publisher=[[Colombo Stock Exchange]]|page=72|access-date=2013-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215173810/https://www.cse.lk/cmt/upload_report_file/460_1362481699706.pdf|archive-date=2013-12-15|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| intl =
| bodystyle =
}}
}}
'''Ceylon Tobacco Company PLC''' (CTC) is a [[Sri Lanka]]n [[tobacco]] company engaged in the manufacture, marketing and export of [[cigarette]]s.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Ceylon Tobacco Company PLC|url=http://markets.ft.com/research/Markets/Tearsheets/Business-profile?s=CTC.N0000:CSE|publisher=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref> It is a subsidiary of [[British American Tobacco]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Samath|first=Feizal|title=Snags hold up cigarettes and alcohol advertising ban law|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/990221/bus2.html|newspaper=[[The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)]]|date=21 February 1999}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Maithripala’s outburst shocks Sri Lanka Inc, CTC denies|url=http://www.ft.lk/2013/09/26/maithripalas-outburst-shocks-sri-lanka-inc-ctc-denies/|newspaper=[[Daily FT]]|date=26 September 2013|access-date=15 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215171838/http://www.ft.lk/2013/09/26/maithripalas-outburst-shocks-sri-lanka-inc-ctc-denies/|archive-date=15 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>CTC holds the monopoly of cigarette and tobacco sales in Sri Lanka. British Tobacco start sale cigarette in 1904-1911. CTC has a primary listing on the Colombo Stock Exchange since 1980s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Colombo Stock Exchange|url=https://cse.lk/|access-date=2021-12-30|website=Colombo Stock Exchange}}</ref>
'''Ceylon Tobacco Company PLC''' (CTC) is a [[Sri Lanka]]n [[tobacco]] company engaged in the manufacture, marketing and export of [[cigarette]]s.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Ceylon Tobacco Company PLC|url=http://markets.ft.com/research/Markets/Tearsheets/Business-profile?s=CTC.N0000:CSE|publisher=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref> It is a subsidiary of [[British American Tobacco]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Samath|first=Feizal|title=Snags hold up cigarettes and alcohol advertising ban law|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/990221/bus2.html|newspaper=[[The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)]]|date=21 February 1999}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Maithripala's outburst shocks Sri Lanka Inc, CTC denies|url=http://www.ft.lk/2013/09/26/maithripalas-outburst-shocks-sri-lanka-inc-ctc-denies/|newspaper=[[Daily FT]]|date=26 September 2013|access-date=15 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215171838/http://www.ft.lk/2013/09/26/maithripalas-outburst-shocks-sri-lanka-inc-ctc-denies/|archive-date=15 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> CTC holds the monopoly of cigarette and tobacco sales in Sri Lanka. British Tobacco started selling cigarettes in 1904-1911. CTC has a primary listing on the Colombo Stock Exchange since 1980s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Colombo Stock Exchange|url=https://cse.lk/|access-date=2021-12-30|website=Colombo Stock Exchange}}</ref>


==Ownership==
==Ownership==
Line 53: Line 38:
In 1905, the [[British Ceylon]] Government's leaf restraining infrastructure was reached out to a total takeover of all tobacco business activities in the country, including all made tobacco items like ''dumkola''. Before 20th Century 90% of raw tobacco brought into the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Maclaren|first=W. A. Ed|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.462912|title=Coffee, Spices And Tobacco|date=1923}}</ref>
In 1905, the [[British Ceylon]] Government's leaf restraining infrastructure was reached out to a total takeover of all tobacco business activities in the country, including all made tobacco items like ''dumkola''. Before 20th Century 90% of raw tobacco brought into the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Maclaren|first=W. A. Ed|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.462912|title=Coffee, Spices And Tobacco|date=1923}}</ref>


The Company started in 1906 and was owned by the British American Tobacco. Its first office was located in Prince Street, Colombo. By 1954, the company had become a Public Limited Company, company listed on Colombo stock market since 1950s. It's the earliest stock listed company in Sri Lanka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ceylon Tobacco Company - Our history|url=http://www.ceylontobaccocompany.com/group/sites/SRI_9PMJN9.nsf/vwPagesWebLive/DOBJBG6P|access-date=2020-11-13|website=www.ceylontobaccocompany.com}}</ref> In 1980s Sri Lanka total tobacco crops increase to 15,594 ha.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UNdata {{!}} record view {{!}} Tobacco, unmanufactured|url=http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=FAO&f=itemCode:826|access-date=2020-11-13|website=data.un.org}}</ref> By 2010 it was producing 3.189 metric tons.<ref>{{Cite web|title=World's Leading Tobacco Producing Countries|url=https://www.atlasbig.com/en-gb/countries-by-tobacco-production|access-date=2020-11-13|website=AtlasBig|language=en}}</ref>
The Company started in 1906 and was owned by the British American Tobacco. Its first office was located in Prince Street, Colombo. By 1954, the company had become a Public Limited Company, company listed on Colombo stock market since 1950s. It's the earliest stock listed company in Sri Lanka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ceylon Tobacco Company - Our history|url=http://www.ceylontobaccocompany.com/group/sites/SRI_9PMJN9.nsf/vwPagesWebLive/DOBJBG6P|access-date=2020-11-13|website=www.ceylontobaccocompany.com}}</ref> In 1980s Sri Lanka total tobacco crops increase to 15,594 ha.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UNdata {{!}} record view {{!}} Tobacco, unmanufactured|url=http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=FAO&f=itemCode:826|access-date=2020-11-13|website=data.un.org}}</ref> By 2010 it was producing 3.189 metric tons. The number of registered tobacco growers rose during the 1980s and most of the 1990s, but fell sharply in 1998 and 1999. It is estimated that tobacco growing provides between 5,355 and 16,580 full time equivalent jobs.<ref>{{Cite web|title=World's Leading Tobacco Producing Countries|url=https://www.atlasbig.com/en-gb/countries-by-tobacco-production|access-date=2020-11-13|website=AtlasBig|language=en}}</ref>

In 1997 cigarette manufacturing accounts for an estimated 89% of the value and 50% of the volume of all tobacco products sold in Sri Lanka. The 2018 survey found that 45.7% of men and 5.3% of women currently used tobacco.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO Sri Lanka Country report|url=https://who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/272688/wntd_2018_srilanka_fs.pdf?sequence=1|website=[[WHO]]}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Cigarette production<ref name=":2" />
!
!2004
!2005
!2006
!2007
!2008
!2009
!2010
!2011
!2012
!2013
!2014
!2015
!2016
|-
|Production (million stick)
|4,859
|4,945
|4,791
|4,670
|4,467
|4,101
|4,286
|4,469
|4,320
|4,035
|3,777
|4,116
|3,789
|-
|Revenue (billion LKR)
|23.5
|27
|30.1
|31.4
|37.3
|37.6
|40.7
|49.6
|53.6
|58.6
|57.2
|80
|88.8
|-
|Raw tobacco (tons)
|4,390
|4,210
|3,710
|4,150
|3,770
|3,810
|4,200
|3,470
|3,620
|5,040
|3,322
|
|
|}


== Government TAX ==
== Government TAX ==
{| class="wikitable"
Sri Lanka direct and indirect cost of tobacco amounted to LKR 110 billion (the equivalent if 7% if Government revenue) Sri Lankan Government has been taxing tobacco since 1953. Tobacco tax collection in Sri Lanka has as of late been portrayed by politicisation and nearsightedness that brought about problematic accomplishment of monetary and wellbeing destinations. In any case, tobacco stays an essential supporter of the Treasury and it is important that policymakers get in right.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wayback Machine|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219002440/https://cdn.cse.lk/cmt/upload_report_file/460_1555498758602.pdf|access-date=2021-12-30|website=web.archive.org}}</ref>
|+Price components Goldleaf cigarette (LKR)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tobacco Control Legislation and Taxation|url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/478361561398136333/pdf/Sri-Lanka-Overview-of-Tobacco-Use-Tobacco-Control-Legislation-and-Taxation.pdf|url-status=live|website=[[World Bank]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207075900/http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/478361561398136333/pdf/Sri-Lanka-Overview-of-Tobacco-Use-Tobacco-Control-Legislation-and-Taxation.pdf |archive-date=2020-12-07 }}</ref>
!
!2008
!2009
!2010
!2011
!2012
!2013
!2014
!2015
!2016
|-
|Price
|16
|18
|20
|22
|25
|28
|30
|33
|50
|-
|VAT
|2.09
|1.93
|2.14
|2.36
|2.68
|3.00
|3.21
|0
|0.7
|-
|Tax share
|75.5%
|72.2%
|69%
|67.8%
|67.9%
|66.2%
|68.1%
|65.5%
|76%
|}
Sri Lanka direct and indirect cost of tobacco amounted to LKR 110 billion (the equivalent if 7% if Government revenue) Sri Lankan Government has been taxing tobacco since 1953. Tobacco tax collection in Sri Lanka has as of late been portrayed by politicisation and nearsightedness that brought about problematic accomplishment of monetary and wellbeing destinations. In any case, tobacco stays an essential supporter of the Treasury and it is important that policymakers get in right.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Sri Lanka Tobacco use and taxation |url=https://cdn.cse.lk/cmt/upload_report_file/460_1555498758602.pdf |access-date=2021-12-30 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219002440/https://cdn.cse.lk/cmt/upload_report_file/460_1555498758602.pdf |archive-date=19 February 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref>


Sri Lanka demands a combination of assessments on tobacco among which extract charges are observable. From 1999 the tobacco charge was stretched out to incorporate produced tobacco further the Minister of Finance in control was given power to change the expense rate by a request distributed in the public authority Periodical.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Developing a sensible stance on tobacco taxation {{!}} Daily FT|url=https://www.ft.lk/opinion/Developing-a-sensible-stance-on-tobacco-taxation/14-708634|access-date=2021-12-30|website=www.ft.lk|language=English}}</ref>
Sri Lanka demands a combination of assessments on tobacco among which extract charges are observable. From 1999 the tobacco charge was stretched out to incorporate produced tobacco further the Minister of Finance in control was given power to change the expense rate by a request distributed in the public authority Periodical.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Developing a sensible stance on tobacco taxation {{!}} Daily FT|url=https://www.ft.lk/opinion/Developing-a-sensible-stance-on-tobacco-taxation/14-708634|access-date=2021-12-30|website=www.ft.lk|language=English}}</ref>

{{Graph:Chart|width=500|height=250|xAxisTitle=|yAxisTitle=Tobacco Tax Revenue (LKR Mn)|y1Title=|type=line|x=2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018|y1=96000, 81000, 76400, 72100, 78000, 75800, 59000, 58300, 59000, 57700, 55060, 54000, 53600, 54020, 50300, 54500, 53000, 48200, 47800}}


== Brands ==
== Brands ==
Line 70: Line 167:


{{British American Tobacco}}
{{British American Tobacco}}
{{S&P SL20}}
{{All Share Price Index}}
{{All Share Price Index}}


Line 79: Line 177:
[[Category:Food and drink companies of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Food and drink companies of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Tobacco companies of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Tobacco companies of Sri Lanka]]


{{SriLanka-company-stub}}

Latest revision as of 20:22, 8 December 2023

Ceylon Tobacco Company PLC
Company typePublic Subsidiary
ISINLK0042N00008
IndustryTobacco
Founded1906; 119 years ago (1906)
Headquarters
Colombo
,
Sri Lanka
Key people
  • Suresh Shah (Chairman)
  • Monisha Abraham (Managing Director/CEO)
RevenueIncrease LKR134.369 billion (2021)
Increase LKR26.127 billion (2021)
Increase LKR16.146 billion (2021)
Total assetsIncrease LKR26.468 billion (2021)
Total equityIncrease LKR8.987 billion (2021)
Owners
Number of employees
Increase 269 (2022)
ParentBritish American Tobacco International Holdings BV (84.13%)
Websitewww.ceylontobaccocompany.com
Footnotes / references
[1]

Ceylon Tobacco Company PLC (CTC) is a Sri Lankan tobacco company engaged in the manufacture, marketing and export of cigarettes.[2] It is a subsidiary of British American Tobacco.[3][4] CTC holds the monopoly of cigarette and tobacco sales in Sri Lanka. British Tobacco started selling cigarettes in 1904-1911. CTC has a primary listing on the Colombo Stock Exchange since 1980s.[5]

Ownership

[edit]

84% of the company is owned by British American Tobacco International and minor stake owned by Philip Morris International. Company market capitalization is approximately US$1.5 billion. It is the most valuable company in Sri Lanka.[6]

History

[edit]

In 1905, the British Ceylon Government's leaf restraining infrastructure was reached out to a total takeover of all tobacco business activities in the country, including all made tobacco items like dumkola. Before 20th Century 90% of raw tobacco brought into the United Kingdom.[7]

The Company started in 1906 and was owned by the British American Tobacco. Its first office was located in Prince Street, Colombo. By 1954, the company had become a Public Limited Company, company listed on Colombo stock market since 1950s. It's the earliest stock listed company in Sri Lanka.[8] In 1980s Sri Lanka total tobacco crops increase to 15,594 ha.[9] By 2010 it was producing 3.189 metric tons. The number of registered tobacco growers rose during the 1980s and most of the 1990s, but fell sharply in 1998 and 1999. It is estimated that tobacco growing provides between 5,355 and 16,580 full time equivalent jobs.[10]

In 1997 cigarette manufacturing accounts for an estimated 89% of the value and 50% of the volume of all tobacco products sold in Sri Lanka. The 2018 survey found that 45.7% of men and 5.3% of women currently used tobacco.[11]

Cigarette production[12]
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Production (million stick) 4,859 4,945 4,791 4,670 4,467 4,101 4,286 4,469 4,320 4,035 3,777 4,116 3,789
Revenue (billion LKR) 23.5 27 30.1 31.4 37.3 37.6 40.7 49.6 53.6 58.6 57.2 80 88.8
Raw tobacco (tons) 4,390 4,210 3,710 4,150 3,770 3,810 4,200 3,470 3,620 5,040 3,322

Government TAX

[edit]
Price components Goldleaf cigarette (LKR)[13]
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Price 16 18 20 22 25 28 30 33 50
VAT 2.09 1.93 2.14 2.36 2.68 3.00 3.21 0 0.7
Tax share 75.5% 72.2% 69% 67.8% 67.9% 66.2% 68.1% 65.5% 76%

Sri Lanka direct and indirect cost of tobacco amounted to LKR 110 billion (the equivalent if 7% if Government revenue) Sri Lankan Government has been taxing tobacco since 1953. Tobacco tax collection in Sri Lanka has as of late been portrayed by politicisation and nearsightedness that brought about problematic accomplishment of monetary and wellbeing destinations. In any case, tobacco stays an essential supporter of the Treasury and it is important that policymakers get in right.[12]

Sri Lanka demands a combination of assessments on tobacco among which extract charges are observable. From 1999 the tobacco charge was stretched out to incorporate produced tobacco further the Minister of Finance in control was given power to change the expense rate by a request distributed in the public authority Periodical.[14]

Brands

[edit]

CTC is the only legal cigarette manufacture and importer in Sri Lanka. The total marketable space is 5 billion sticks. The beedi market is around 2.3 billion sticks. According to the company it has 95% of the total market with 5% to illicit trade. BAT's decision to concentrate efforts on six Global Drive Brands has resulted in changes in CTC's brand portfolio, with newer brands like Dunhill and Viceroy being introduced over the past few years. Viceroy replaced Bristol which was the leading low price brand. Efforts to move consumers from Bristol to Goldleaf has retained 83% of their Bristol market segment along with 70% of volumes. JPGL and Pall Mall together brings 70% of the total sales.[15]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Annual Report 2021/22" (PDF). cse.lk. Ceylon Tobacco Company PLC. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
  2. ^ "Ceylon Tobacco Company PLC". Financial Times.
  3. ^ Samath, Feizal (21 February 1999). "Snags hold up cigarettes and alcohol advertising ban law". The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka).
  4. ^ "Maithripala's outburst shocks Sri Lanka Inc, CTC denies". Daily FT. 26 September 2013. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 15 December 2013.
  5. ^ "Colombo Stock Exchange". Colombo Stock Exchange. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
  6. ^ LBO (2018-08-13). "Ceylon Tobacco (CTC) pays taxes of Rs63bn, keeps Rs8bn for itself at halfway mark for 2018". Lanka Business Online. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  7. ^ Maclaren, W. A. Ed (1923). Coffee, Spices And Tobacco.
  8. ^ "Ceylon Tobacco Company - Our history". www.ceylontobaccocompany.com. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  9. ^ "UNdata | record view | Tobacco, unmanufactured". data.un.org. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  10. ^ "World's Leading Tobacco Producing Countries". AtlasBig. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  11. ^ "WHO Sri Lanka Country report" (PDF). WHO.
  12. ^ a b "Sri Lanka Tobacco use and taxation" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2020. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
  13. ^ "Tobacco Control Legislation and Taxation" (PDF). World Bank. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-12-07.
  14. ^ "Developing a sensible stance on tobacco taxation | Daily FT". www.ft.lk. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
  15. ^ "Sri Lanka- Country Profile - TobaccoTactics". tobaccotactics.org. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
[edit]
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