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{{Short description|Italian Catholic saint (1177–1267)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox saint
{{Infobox saint
|name = Saint Sylvester Guzzolini
|honorific_prefix= Saint
|name = Sylvester Guzzolini
|birth_date = 1177
|birth_date = 1177
|death_date = 26 November 1267 (aged 90)
|death_date = 26 November 1267 (aged 90)
Line 16: Line 18:
|beatified_by = [[Pope Clement IV]]
|beatified_by = [[Pope Clement IV]]
|canonized_date = 1598
|canonized_date = 1598
|canonized_place = [[Rome]], Papal States
|canonized_place = Rome, Papal States
|canonized_by = [[Pope Clement VIII]]
|canonized_by = [[Pope Clement VIII]]
|attributes =
|attributes =
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}}
}}


[[Canonization|Saint]] '''Silvestro Guzzolini''' (1177 – 26 November 1267) was an [[Italian people|Italian]] [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[priest]] and the founder of the [[Sylvestrines|Silvestrini]].<ref name=SQPN>{{cite web|url=https://catholicsaints.info/saint-sylvester-gozzolini/|title=Saint Sylvester Gozzolini|publisher=Saints SQPN|date=1 December 2016|accessdate=11 October 2017}}</ref> He served as a [[Canon (priest)|canon]] in [[Osimo]] but respectful rebukes of his bishop's inappropriate conduct led him to leave for a hermitage before the bishop could strip him of his position.<ref name=NA>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14372b.htm|first=Douglas Raymund|last=Webster|title=St. Sylvester Gozzolini|encyclopedia=The Catholic Encyclopedia|volume=XIV|publisher=Robert Appleton Company|date=1912|accessdate=30 January 2014}}</ref> He remained in his hermitage with a determination to found a religious congregation and based it upon the [[Order of Saint Benedict]] after having a dream of [[Saint Benedict of Nursia]]. His order received papal approval from [[Pope Innocent IV]] which allowed his order to expand across Italian cities to a significant degree.<ref name=SEB>{{cite web|url=http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/79250|title=San Silvestro Guzzolini|date=|publisher=Santi e Beati|accessdate=11 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=BT>{{cite web|url=http://www.bartleby.com/210/11/263.html|author=Alban Butler|title=''Lives of the Saints''|date=|page=|accessdate=|volume=XI}}</ref>
'''Silvestro Guzzolini''' (1177 – 26 November 1267) was an Italian [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[Priesthood in the Catholic Church|priest]] and the founder of the [[Sylvestrines|Silvestrini]].<ref name=SQPN>{{cite web|url=https://catholicsaints.info/saint-sylvester-gozzolini/|title=Saint Sylvester Gozzolini|publisher=Saints SQPN|date=1 December 2016|accessdate=11 October 2017}}</ref> He served as a [[Canon (priest)|canon]] in [[Osimo]] but respectful rebukes of his [[Bishops in the Catholic Church|bishop]]'s inappropriate conduct led him to leave for a [[Hermitage (religious retreat)|hermitage]] before the bishop could strip him of his position.<ref name=NA>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14372b.htm|first=Douglas Raymund|last=Webster|title=St. Sylvester Gozzolini|encyclopedia=The Catholic Encyclopedia|volume=XIV|publisher=Robert Appleton Company|date=1912|accessdate=30 January 2014}}</ref> He remained in his hermitage with a determination to found a religious congregation and based it upon the [[Order of Saint Benedict]] after having a dream of [[Benedict of Nursia]]. His order received papal approval from [[Pope Innocent IV]] which allowed his order to expand across Italian cities to a significant degree.<ref name=SEB>{{cite web|url=http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/79250|title=San Silvestro Guzzolini|date=|publisher=Santi e Beati|accessdate=11 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=BT>{{cite web|url=http://www.bartleby.com/210/11/263.html|author=Alban Butler|title=''Lives of the Saints''|date=12 January 2023|page=|accessdate=|volume=XI}}</ref>


His beatification was confirmed in the 1260s after his death in 1267, and he was later canonized in 1598 as a saint.<ref name=SQPN/><ref name=SEB/>
His [[beatification]] was confirmed in the 1260s after his death in 1267, and he was later [[Canonization|canonized]] in 1598 as a saint.<ref name=SQPN/><ref name=SEB/>


==Life==
==Life==
Silvestro Guzzolini was born to Gislerio and Bianca Guzzolini in [[Osimo]].<ref name=NA/> He was sent in 1197 to learn [[jurisprudence]] in [[University of Bologna|the college]] at [[Bologna]], for law, and [[University of Padua|the college]] in [[Padua]]. Finding no satisfaction in his studies and deeming them too secular, he felt called to the ecclesiastical state and abandoned his studies in law for [[Theology|theological]] and [[Holy Scripture|scriptural]] studies.<ref name=SEB/>
Silvestro Guzzolini was born to the nobles Gislerio Guzzolini and Bianca in [[Osimo]].<ref name=NA/>


Guzzolini was sent in 1197 to learn [[jurisprudence]] in [[University of Bologna|the college]] at [[Bologna]] (for law) and [[University of Padua|the college]] in [[Padua]] but felt called to the ecclesiastical state (finding no satisfaction in his studies and deeming them too secular) and abandoned his studies in law for [[Theology|theological]] and [[Holy Scripture|scriptural]] studies.<ref name=SEB/> On his return home in 1208 it is said that his father – angered at his change of purpose – refused to speak to him for one decade.<ref name=SQPN/><ref name=NA/> Guzzolini accepted a position as a [[Canon (priest)|canon]] at Osimo (after the diocesan bishop [[ordained]] him in 1217) and devoted himself to pastoral work with such zeal as to arouse hostilities from his bishop whom he had rebuked with respect for the scandals that the prelate's irregular life had caused.<ref name=BT/>
On his return home in 1208 it is said that his father—angered at his change of purpose —refused to speak to him for ten years.<ref name=SQPN/><ref name=NA/> After the diocesan bishop [[Holy orders in the Catholic Church|ordained]] him in 1217, Guzzolini accepted a position as a [[Canon (priest)|canon]] at Osimo. He devoted himself to pastoral work with such zeal as to arouse hostility from his bishop, whom he had respectfully rebuked for the scandals that the prelate's irregular life had caused.<ref name=BT/>


The prelate threatened to strip him of his position but the canon decided to leave the world upon seeing the corpse of one who had once been noted for their looks while presiding over a funeral.<ref name=SEB/> He retired to a desert place far from Osimo in 1227 and lived there in strict poverty until the owner of the land – the nobleman Corrado – recognized him and offered him a better site for his hermitage. The dampness drove him from that place and he established himself next at Grotta Fucile where he later built a [[convent]] for his future [[religious order]]. In this place his penances were most severe for he lived on raw herbs and water and slept on the bare ground.<ref name=BT/><ref name=NA/> Disciples flocked to him seeking his direction and it became vital for him to choose a Rule. His fame worried [[Pope Gregory IX]] in 1228 and he decided to send the [[Order of Preachers|Dominican]] friars Riccardo and Bonaparte to him to invite him into their order but he refused.<ref name=SEB/> Legend suggests that the various founders appeared to him in a vision each begging him to adopt his Rule. Guzzolini chose for his followers that of [[Saint Benedict of Nursia]] in 1231 (after having a vision of the saint) and built his first convent on [[Montefano]] near [[Fabriano]] after first removing the remains of a [[Paganism|pagan]] temple.<ref name=SQPN/><ref name=SEB/>
The prelate threatened to strip him of his position, but Guzzolini decided to leave the world when, while presiding over a funeral, he saw the corpse of one who had once been noted for their looks.<ref name=SEB/> He retired to a deserted place far from Osimo in 1227 and lived there in strict poverty until the owner of the land, the nobleman Corrado, recognized him and offered him a better site for his hermitage. The damp drove him from that place, and he established himself next at Grotta Fucile where he later built a [[convent]] for his future [[religious order]]. In this place his penances were most severe, for he lived on raw herbs and water and slept on the bare ground.<ref name=BT/><ref name=NA/> He may have been inspired by saint [[Bonfilius]], a hermit who originally had also come from Osimo and lived his final years in a hermitage close to [[Filottrano]].<ref name="Parolin">{{cite journal |last1=Parolin |first1=Pietro |title=ST SYLVESTER THE RELEVANCE OF A CHARISM |journal=Symposium Held at Fabriano Monastery of St Sylvester |date=3 June 2017}}</ref> Sylvester later build one of the first monasteries in his name close to this hermitage and likely also wrote the first biography of Bonfilius.<ref name="Nicolini">{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Nicolini |first1=Ugolino |title=BONFIGLIO, santo |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/santo-bonfiglio_res-779a85c5-87e8-11dc-8e9d-0016357eee51_(Dizionario-Biografico) |via=Treccani |encyclopedia=Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani|volume= 12|date=1971 |access-date=1 December 2022}}</ref>


Disciples flocked to him seeking his direction and it became vital for him to choose a Rule. His fame worried [[Pope Gregory IX]] in 1228, who decided to send the [[Order of Preachers|Dominican]] friars Riccardo and Bonaparte to him to invite him into their order, but he refused.<ref name=SEB/> Legend suggests that the various founders appeared to him in a vision each begging him to adopt his Rule. Guzzolini chose for his followers that of [[Benedict of Nursia]] in 1231, after having a vision of him, and built his first convent on [[Montefano]] near [[Fabriano]], after first removing the remains of a [[Paganism|pagan]] temple.<ref name=SQPN/><ref name=SEB/>
⚫
On 27 June 1248 he obtained from [[Pope Innocent IV]] a [[papal bull]] confirming his order as being canonical and before his death founded eleven monasteries after this approval.<ref name=BT/><ref name=SEB/> He died on 26 November 1267 due to a severe [[fever]]; Doctor Andrea embalmed him and the room was filled with a sweet fragrance when he removed Guzzolini's [[bowels]].<ref name=SEB/> His remains were later disinterred and placed in a shrine still present at the church of Monte Fano.<ref name=NA/>

⚫
On 27 June 1248, he obtained from [[Pope Innocent IV]] a [[papal bull]] confirming his order as being canonical. By the time of his death Gozzolini has founded eleven monasteries under this approval.<ref name=BT/><ref name=SEB/> He died on 26 November 1267 due to a severe [[fever]]; Doctor Andrea embalmed him and the room was filled with a sweet fragrance when he removed Guzzolini's [[bowels]].<ref name=SEB/> His remains were later disinterred and placed in a shrine, which is still present at the church of Monte Fano.<ref name=NA/>


==Sainthood==
==Sainthood==
[[File:The Statue of Sylvester Gozzolini at St. Sylvester's College Kandy Sri Lanka.jpg|thumb|Statue at a college in his name in [[Sri Lanka]]]]
[[File:The Statue of Sylvester Gozzolini at St. Sylvester's College Kandy Sri Lanka.jpg|thumb|Statue at [[St. Sylvester's College]] in [[Sri Lanka]]]]
The account of his miracles and the growth of his "cultus" (or longstanding veneration) can be found in Bolzonetti. [[Pope Clement IV]] beatified Guzzolini and [[Pope Clement VIII]] later canonized him in 1598. [[Pope Leo XIII]] included his Mass and office in the General Roman Calendar in 1890 with the rank of Double (third-class feast in the 1960 reform of [[Pope John XXIII]]) therefore reducing to the status of a commemoration that of [[Pope Peter I of Alexandria]] who shared that date. In 1970 that celebration was removed and relegated to the local calendar since it was not a feast of universal importance.<ref>{{citation|title=''Calendarium Romanum''|publisher=Libreria Editrice Vaticana|date=1969|page=147}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=5304|title=St. Sylvester Gozzolini|date=|publisher=Catholic Online|accessdate=11 October 2017}}</ref>
The account of his miracles and the growth of his "cultus" (or longstanding veneration) can be found in Bolzonetti. [[Pope Clement IV]] beatified Guzzolini and [[Pope Clement VIII]] later canonized him in 1598. [[Pope Leo XIII]] included his Mass and office in the General Roman Calendar in 1890 with the rank of Double (third-class feast in the 1960 reform of [[Pope John XXIII]]) therefore reducing to the status of a commemoration that of [[Pope Peter I of Alexandria]] who shared that date. In 1970, that celebration was removed and relegated to the local calendar since it was not a feast of universal importance.<ref>{{citation|title=''Calendarium Romanum''|publisher=Libreria Editrice Vaticana|date=1969|page=147}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=5304|title=St. Sylvester Gozzolini|date=|publisher=Catholic Online|accessdate=11 October 2017}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Biography|Catholicism|Saints|Italy|History}}
{{Portal|Biography|Catholicism|Saints|Italy|History}}
* [[Sylvestrines]]
* [[Sylvestrines]]
* [[Tridentine Calendar]]
* [[Tridentine calendar]]
* [[General Roman Calendar of 1954]]
* [[General Roman Calendar of 1954]]
* [[General Roman Calendar of 1960]]
* [[General Roman Calendar of 1960]]
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==External links==
==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* [https://catholicsaints.info/saint-sylvester-gozzolini/ Saints SQPN]
* [https://catholicsaints.info/saint-sylvester-gozzolini/ Saints SQPN]
* [http://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=5034 Catholic Online]
* [http://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=5034 Catholic Online]
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[[Category:1267 deaths]]
[[Category:1267 deaths]]
[[Category:13th-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:13th-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:13th-century Italian people]]
[[Category:13th-century Italian Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:13th-century Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:13th-century venerated Christians]]
[[Category:13th-century venerated Christians]]
[[Category:Founders of Catholic religious communities]]
[[Category:Founders of Catholic religious communities]]
[[Category:Italian clergy]]
[[Category:Italian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Medieval Italian saints]]
[[Category:Medieval Italian saints]]
[[Category:People from the Province of Ancona]]
[[Category:People from the Province of Ancona]]

Latest revision as of 06:33, 26 November 2023

Saint

Sylvester Guzzolini
Priest
Born1177
Osimo, Papal States
Died26 November 1267 (aged 90)
Fabriano, Papal States
Venerated inCatholic Church
Beatified1267/69 by Pope Clement IV
Canonized1598, Rome, Papal States by Pope Clement VIII
Major shrineChiesa di Monte Fano
Feast26 November[1]
PatronageSilvestrini

Silvestro Guzzolini (1177 – 26 November 1267) was an Italian Catholic priest and the founder of the Silvestrini.[2] He served as a canon in Osimo but respectful rebukes of his bishop's inappropriate conduct led him to leave for a hermitage before the bishop could strip him of his position.[3] He remained in his hermitage with a determination to found a religious congregation and based it upon the Order of Saint Benedict after having a dream of Benedict of Nursia. His order received papal approval from Pope Innocent IV which allowed his order to expand across Italian cities to a significant degree.[4][5]

His beatification was confirmed in the 1260s after his death in 1267, and he was later canonized in 1598 as a saint.[2][4]

Life

[edit]

Silvestro Guzzolini was born to Gislerio and Bianca Guzzolini in Osimo.[3] He was sent in 1197 to learn jurisprudence in the college at Bologna, for law, and the college in Padua. Finding no satisfaction in his studies and deeming them too secular, he felt called to the ecclesiastical state and abandoned his studies in law for theological and scriptural studies.[4]

On his return home in 1208 it is said that his father—angered at his change of purpose —refused to speak to him for ten years.[2][3] After the diocesan bishop ordained him in 1217, Guzzolini accepted a position as a canon at Osimo. He devoted himself to pastoral work with such zeal as to arouse hostility from his bishop, whom he had respectfully rebuked for the scandals that the prelate's irregular life had caused.[5]

The prelate threatened to strip him of his position, but Guzzolini decided to leave the world when, while presiding over a funeral, he saw the corpse of one who had once been noted for their looks.[4] He retired to a deserted place far from Osimo in 1227 and lived there in strict poverty until the owner of the land, the nobleman Corrado, recognized him and offered him a better site for his hermitage. The damp drove him from that place, and he established himself next at Grotta Fucile where he later built a convent for his future religious order. In this place his penances were most severe, for he lived on raw herbs and water and slept on the bare ground.[5][3] He may have been inspired by saint Bonfilius, a hermit who originally had also come from Osimo and lived his final years in a hermitage close to Filottrano.[6] Sylvester later build one of the first monasteries in his name close to this hermitage and likely also wrote the first biography of Bonfilius.[7]

Disciples flocked to him seeking his direction and it became vital for him to choose a Rule. His fame worried Pope Gregory IX in 1228, who decided to send the Dominican friars Riccardo and Bonaparte to him to invite him into their order, but he refused.[4] Legend suggests that the various founders appeared to him in a vision each begging him to adopt his Rule. Guzzolini chose for his followers that of Benedict of Nursia in 1231, after having a vision of him, and built his first convent on Montefano near Fabriano, after first removing the remains of a pagan temple.[2][4]

On 27 June 1248, he obtained from Pope Innocent IV a papal bull confirming his order as being canonical. By the time of his death Gozzolini has founded eleven monasteries under this approval.[5][4] He died on 26 November 1267 due to a severe fever; Doctor Andrea embalmed him and the room was filled with a sweet fragrance when he removed Guzzolini's bowels.[4] His remains were later disinterred and placed in a shrine, which is still present at the church of Monte Fano.[3]

Sainthood

[edit]
Statue at St. Sylvester's College in Sri Lanka

The account of his miracles and the growth of his "cultus" (or longstanding veneration) can be found in Bolzonetti. Pope Clement IV beatified Guzzolini and Pope Clement VIII later canonized him in 1598. Pope Leo XIII included his Mass and office in the General Roman Calendar in 1890 with the rank of Double (third-class feast in the 1960 reform of Pope John XXIII) therefore reducing to the status of a commemoration that of Pope Peter I of Alexandria who shared that date. In 1970, that celebration was removed and relegated to the local calendar since it was not a feast of universal importance.[8][9]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "St. Sylvester Gozzolini". catholic.org.
  2. ^ a b c d "Saint Sylvester Gozzolini". Saints SQPN. 1 December 2016. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d e Webster, Douglas Raymund (1912). "St. Sylvester Gozzolini". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. XIV. Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h "San Silvestro Guzzolini". Santi e Beati. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
  5. ^ a b c d Alban Butler (12 January 2023). "Lives of the Saints".
  6. ^ Parolin, Pietro (3 June 2017). "ST SYLVESTER THE RELEVANCE OF A CHARISM". Symposium Held at Fabriano Monastery of St Sylvester.
  7. ^ Nicolini, Ugolino (1971). "BONFIGLIO, santo". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Vol. 12. Retrieved 1 December 2022 – via Treccani.
  8. ^ Calendarium Romanum, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969, p. 147
  9. ^ "St. Sylvester Gozzolini". Catholic Online. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
[edit]
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