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{{Short description|Italian Catholic saint (1177–1267)}}
{{refimprove|date=November 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox saint
{{Infobox saint
|name=Saint Sylvester Gozzolini
|honorific_prefix= Saint
|birth_date= 1177
|name = Sylvester Guzzolini
|death_date= November 26, 1267
|birth_date = 1177
|feast_day=26 November
|death_date = 26 November 1267 (aged 90)
|venerated_in=[[Roman Catholic Church]]
|feast_day = 26 November<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=5304 |work=catholic.org |title=St. Sylvester Gozzolini}}</ref>
|image= SilvestroG.jpg
|venerated_in = [[Catholic Church]]
|imagesize=200px
|image = SilvestroG.jpg
|caption= 15th cent Italian painting depicting Saint Sylvester Gozzolini. Artist unknown.
|imagesize =
|birth_place=[[Osimo]], [[Marche]]
|caption =
|death_place=
|birth_place = [[Osimo]], [[Papal States]]
|titles=
|death_place = [[Fabriano]], Papal States
|beatified_date= 1260s
|titles = Priest
|beatified_place=
|beatified_date = 1267/69
|beatified_by=[[Clement IV]]
|beatified_place =
|canonized_date= 1598
|beatified_by = [[Pope Clement IV]]
|canonized_place=
|canonized_date = 1598
|canonized_by=[[Clement VIII]]
|canonized_place = Rome, Papal States
|attributes=
|canonized_by = [[Pope Clement VIII]]
|patronage=
|attributes =
|major_shrine= Church of Monte Fano
|patronage = [[Sylvestrines|Silvestrini]]
|suppressed_date=
|major_shrine = Chiesa di Monte Fano
|issues=
|suppressed_date =
|issues =
}}
}}
'''Sylvester Gozzolini''' (Italian: '''Silvestro Guzzolini''') (1177 – November 26, 1267) was an Italian saint, the founder of the [[religious order]] known as the [[Sylvestrines]].<ref>{{CathEncy|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14372b.htm|title=St. Sylvester Gozzolini}}</ref>


'''Silvestro Guzzolini''' (1177 – 26 November 1267) was an Italian [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[Priesthood in the Catholic Church|priest]] and the founder of the [[Sylvestrines|Silvestrini]].<ref name=SQPN>{{cite web|url=https://catholicsaints.info/saint-sylvester-gozzolini/|title=Saint Sylvester Gozzolini|publisher=Saints SQPN|date=1 December 2016|accessdate=11 October 2017}}</ref> He served as a [[Canon (priest)|canon]] in [[Osimo]] but respectful rebukes of his [[Bishops in the Catholic Church|bishop]]'s inappropriate conduct led him to leave for a [[Hermitage (religious retreat)|hermitage]] before the bishop could strip him of his position.<ref name=NA>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14372b.htm|first=Douglas Raymund|last=Webster|title=St. Sylvester Gozzolini|encyclopedia=The Catholic Encyclopedia|volume=XIV|publisher=Robert Appleton Company|date=1912|accessdate=30 January 2014}}</ref> He remained in his hermitage with a determination to found a religious congregation and based it upon the [[Order of Saint Benedict]] after having a dream of [[Benedict of Nursia]]. His order received papal approval from [[Pope Innocent IV]] which allowed his order to expand across Italian cities to a significant degree.<ref name=SEB>{{cite web|url=http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/79250|title=San Silvestro Guzzolini|date=|publisher=Santi e Beati|accessdate=11 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=BT>{{cite web|url=http://www.bartleby.com/210/11/263.html|author=Alban Butler|title=''Lives of the Saints''|date=12 January 2023|page=|accessdate=|volume=XI}}</ref>
Born of the noble family of the Gozzolini at [[Osimo]], [[Marche]], he was sent to study [[jurisprudence]] at [[Bologna]] and [[Padua]], but feeling within himself a call to the ecclesiastical state, abandoned the study of law for that of [[theology]] and [[Holy Scripture]], daily giving long hours to prayer. On his return home we are told that his father, angered at his change of purpose, refused to speak to him for ten years. Sylvester then accepted a canonry at Osimo and devoted himself to pastoral work with such zeal as to arouse the hostility of his bishop, whom he had respectfully rebuked for the scandals caused by the prelate's irregular life.


His [[beatification]] was confirmed in the 1260s after his death in 1267, and he was later [[Canonization|canonized]] in 1598 as a saint.<ref name=SQPN/><ref name=SEB/>
Gozzolini was threatened with the loss of his canonry, but decided to leave the world on seeing the decaying corpse of one who had formerly been noted for great beauty. In 1227, he retired to a desert place about thirty miles from Osimo and lived there in the utmost poverty until he was recognized by the owner of the land, a certain nobleman named Conrad, who offered him a better site for his hermitage. From this spot he was driven by dampness and next established himself at Grotta Fucile, where he eventually built a monastery of his order.


==Life==
In this place his penances were most severe, for he lived on raw herbs and water, and slept on the bare ground. Disciples flocked to him seeking his direction, and it became necessary to choose a rule. According to the legend, the various founders appeared to him in a vision, each begging him to adopt his rule. Gozzolini chose for his followers that of [[St. Benedict]] and built his first monastery on [[Montefano]], after first destroying the remains of a [[Paganism|pagan]] temple.
Silvestro Guzzolini was born to Gislerio and Bianca Guzzolini in [[Osimo]].<ref name=NA/> He was sent in 1197 to learn [[jurisprudence]] in [[University of Bologna|the college]] at [[Bologna]], for law, and [[University of Padua|the college]] in [[Padua]]. Finding no satisfaction in his studies and deeming them too secular, he felt called to the ecclesiastical state and abandoned his studies in law for [[Theology|theological]] and [[Holy Scripture|scriptural]] studies.<ref name=SEB/>


On his return home in 1208 it is said that his father—angered at his change of purpose —refused to speak to him for ten years.<ref name=SQPN/><ref name=NA/> After the diocesan bishop [[Holy orders in the Catholic Church|ordained]] him in 1217, Guzzolini accepted a position as a [[Canon (priest)|canon]] at Osimo. He devoted himself to pastoral work with such zeal as to arouse hostility from his bishop, whom he had respectfully rebuked for the scandals that the prelate's irregular life had caused.<ref name=BT/>
In 1247, he obtained from [[Innocent IV]], at [[Lyon]], a [[papal bull]] confirming his order, and before his death founded a number of monasteries.


The prelate threatened to strip him of his position, but Guzzolini decided to leave the world when, while presiding over a funeral, he saw the corpse of one who had once been noted for their looks.<ref name=SEB/> He retired to a deserted place far from Osimo in 1227 and lived there in strict poverty until the owner of the land, the nobleman Corrado, recognized him and offered him a better site for his hermitage. The damp drove him from that place, and he established himself next at Grotta Fucile where he later built a [[convent]] for his future [[religious order]]. In this place his penances were most severe, for he lived on raw herbs and water and slept on the bare ground.<ref name=BT/><ref name=NA/> He may have been inspired by saint [[Bonfilius]], a hermit who originally had also come from Osimo and lived his final years in a hermitage close to [[Filottrano]].<ref name="Parolin">{{cite journal |last1=Parolin |first1=Pietro |title=ST SYLVESTER THE RELEVANCE OF A CHARISM |journal=Symposium Held at Fabriano Monastery of St Sylvester |date=3 June 2017}}</ref> Sylvester later build one of the first monasteries in his name close to this hermitage and likely also wrote the first biography of Bonfilius.<ref name="Nicolini">{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Nicolini |first1=Ugolino |title=BONFIGLIO, santo |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/santo-bonfiglio_res-779a85c5-87e8-11dc-8e9d-0016357eee51_(Dizionario-Biografico) |via=Treccani |encyclopedia=Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani|volume= 12|date=1971 |access-date=1 December 2022}}</ref>


Disciples flocked to him seeking his direction and it became vital for him to choose a Rule. His fame worried [[Pope Gregory IX]] in 1228, who decided to send the [[Order of Preachers|Dominican]] friars Riccardo and Bonaparte to him to invite him into their order, but he refused.<ref name=SEB/> Legend suggests that the various founders appeared to him in a vision each begging him to adopt his Rule. Guzzolini chose for his followers that of [[Benedict of Nursia]] in 1231, after having a vision of him, and built his first convent on [[Montefano]] near [[Fabriano]], after first removing the remains of a [[Paganism|pagan]] temple.<ref name=SQPN/><ref name=SEB/>
[[File:The Statue of Sylvester Gozzolini at St. Sylvester's College Kandy Sri Lanka.jpg|thumb|The Statue of Sylvester Gozzolini at St. Sylvester's College Kandy Sri Lanka]]The Statue of Sylvester Gozzolini at [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Sylvester%27s_College]] Kandy Sri Lanka


On 27 June 1248, he obtained from [[Pope Innocent IV]] a [[papal bull]] confirming his order as being canonical. By the time of his death Gozzolini has founded eleven monasteries under this approval.<ref name=BT/><ref name=SEB/> He died on 26 November 1267 due to a severe [[fever]]; Doctor Andrea embalmed him and the room was filled with a sweet fragrance when he removed Guzzolini's [[bowels]].<ref name=SEB/> His remains were later disinterred and placed in a shrine, which is still present at the church of Monte Fano.<ref name=NA/>


==Sainthood==
An account of his miracles and of the growth of his cultus can be found in Bolzonetti. His body was disinterred and placed in a shrine (1275–85) and is still honoured in the church of Monte Fano. [[Clement IV]] first recognized the title of [[beatus|blessed]] popularly bestowed on Sylvester, who was inscribed as a saint in the ''Roman Martyrology'' by order of [[Clement VIII]] in 1598. His office and Mass were included in the General Roman Calendar in 1890 by [[Leo XIII]] with the rank of Double<ref>See [[General Roman Calendar of 1954]]</ref> (third-class feast in the 1960 reform of [[Pope John XXIII]]),<ref>See [[General Roman Calendar of 1962]]</ref> for celebration on 26 November, reducing to the status of a commemoration the celebration of Saint [[Peter of Alexandria]], whose feast-day 26 November had been previously.<ref>See [[Tridentine Calendar]]</ref> In 1970, the celebration of Saint Sylvester Gozzolini was removed from the General Roman Calendar and left to local calendar as not of really universal importance.<ref>''Calendarium Romanum'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 1969), p. 147</ref>
[[File:The Statue of Sylvester Gozzolini at St. Sylvester's College Kandy Sri Lanka.jpg|thumb|Statue at [[St. Sylvester's College]] in [[Sri Lanka]]]]
The account of his miracles and the growth of his "cultus" (or longstanding veneration) can be found in Bolzonetti. [[Pope Clement IV]] beatified Guzzolini and [[Pope Clement VIII]] later canonized him in 1598. [[Pope Leo XIII]] included his Mass and office in the General Roman Calendar in 1890 with the rank of Double (third-class feast in the 1960 reform of [[Pope John XXIII]]) therefore reducing to the status of a commemoration that of [[Pope Peter I of Alexandria]] who shared that date. In 1970, that celebration was removed and relegated to the local calendar since it was not a feast of universal importance.<ref>{{citation|title=''Calendarium Romanum''|publisher=Libreria Editrice Vaticana|date=1969|page=147}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=5304|title=St. Sylvester Gozzolini|date=|publisher=Catholic Online|accessdate=11 October 2017}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Biography|Catholicism|Saints|Italy|History}}
* [[Sylvestrines]]
* [[Tridentine calendar]]
* [[General Roman Calendar of 1954]]
* [[General Roman Calendar of 1960]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{wikisource|Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Sylvester Gozzolini}}
==External links==
{{Catholic}}
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* [https://catholicsaints.info/saint-sylvester-gozzolini/ Saints SQPN]
* [http://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=5034 Catholic Online]

{{Canonization}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Authority control|VIAF=10646394}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Gozzolini, Sylvester
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1177
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Osimo]], [[Marche]]
| DATE OF DEATH = November 26, 1267
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gozzolini, Sylvester}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gozzolini, Sylvester}}
[[Category:1177 births]]
[[Category:1177 births]]
[[Category:1267 deaths]]
[[Category:1267 deaths]]
[[Category:People from the Province of Ancona]]
[[Category:Italian saints]]
[[Category:Founders of Roman Catholic religious communities]]
[[Category:13th-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:13th-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:13th-century Italian Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:13th-century venerated Christians]]
[[Category:Founders of Catholic religious communities]]
[[Category:Medieval Italian saints]]
[[Category:People from the Province of Ancona]]
[[Category:Sylvestrines]]
[[Category:University of Bologna alumni]]
[[Category:University of Padua alumni]]

Latest revision as of 06:33, 26 November 2023

Saint

Sylvester Guzzolini
Priest
Born1177
Osimo, Papal States
Died26 November 1267 (aged 90)
Fabriano, Papal States
Venerated inCatholic Church
Beatified1267/69 by Pope Clement IV
Canonized1598, Rome, Papal States by Pope Clement VIII
Major shrineChiesa di Monte Fano
Feast26 November[1]
PatronageSilvestrini

Silvestro Guzzolini (1177 – 26 November 1267) was an Italian Catholic priest and the founder of the Silvestrini.[2] He served as a canon in Osimo but respectful rebukes of his bishop's inappropriate conduct led him to leave for a hermitage before the bishop could strip him of his position.[3] He remained in his hermitage with a determination to found a religious congregation and based it upon the Order of Saint Benedict after having a dream of Benedict of Nursia. His order received papal approval from Pope Innocent IV which allowed his order to expand across Italian cities to a significant degree.[4][5]

His beatification was confirmed in the 1260s after his death in 1267, and he was later canonized in 1598 as a saint.[2][4]

Life

[edit]

Silvestro Guzzolini was born to Gislerio and Bianca Guzzolini in Osimo.[3] He was sent in 1197 to learn jurisprudence in the college at Bologna, for law, and the college in Padua. Finding no satisfaction in his studies and deeming them too secular, he felt called to the ecclesiastical state and abandoned his studies in law for theological and scriptural studies.[4]

On his return home in 1208 it is said that his father—angered at his change of purpose —refused to speak to him for ten years.[2][3] After the diocesan bishop ordained him in 1217, Guzzolini accepted a position as a canon at Osimo. He devoted himself to pastoral work with such zeal as to arouse hostility from his bishop, whom he had respectfully rebuked for the scandals that the prelate's irregular life had caused.[5]

The prelate threatened to strip him of his position, but Guzzolini decided to leave the world when, while presiding over a funeral, he saw the corpse of one who had once been noted for their looks.[4] He retired to a deserted place far from Osimo in 1227 and lived there in strict poverty until the owner of the land, the nobleman Corrado, recognized him and offered him a better site for his hermitage. The damp drove him from that place, and he established himself next at Grotta Fucile where he later built a convent for his future religious order. In this place his penances were most severe, for he lived on raw herbs and water and slept on the bare ground.[5][3] He may have been inspired by saint Bonfilius, a hermit who originally had also come from Osimo and lived his final years in a hermitage close to Filottrano.[6] Sylvester later build one of the first monasteries in his name close to this hermitage and likely also wrote the first biography of Bonfilius.[7]

Disciples flocked to him seeking his direction and it became vital for him to choose a Rule. His fame worried Pope Gregory IX in 1228, who decided to send the Dominican friars Riccardo and Bonaparte to him to invite him into their order, but he refused.[4] Legend suggests that the various founders appeared to him in a vision each begging him to adopt his Rule. Guzzolini chose for his followers that of Benedict of Nursia in 1231, after having a vision of him, and built his first convent on Montefano near Fabriano, after first removing the remains of a pagan temple.[2][4]

On 27 June 1248, he obtained from Pope Innocent IV a papal bull confirming his order as being canonical. By the time of his death Gozzolini has founded eleven monasteries under this approval.[5][4] He died on 26 November 1267 due to a severe fever; Doctor Andrea embalmed him and the room was filled with a sweet fragrance when he removed Guzzolini's bowels.[4] His remains were later disinterred and placed in a shrine, which is still present at the church of Monte Fano.[3]

Sainthood

[edit]
Statue at St. Sylvester's College in Sri Lanka

The account of his miracles and the growth of his "cultus" (or longstanding veneration) can be found in Bolzonetti. Pope Clement IV beatified Guzzolini and Pope Clement VIII later canonized him in 1598. Pope Leo XIII included his Mass and office in the General Roman Calendar in 1890 with the rank of Double (third-class feast in the 1960 reform of Pope John XXIII) therefore reducing to the status of a commemoration that of Pope Peter I of Alexandria who shared that date. In 1970, that celebration was removed and relegated to the local calendar since it was not a feast of universal importance.[8][9]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "St. Sylvester Gozzolini". catholic.org.
  2. ^ a b c d "Saint Sylvester Gozzolini". Saints SQPN. 1 December 2016. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d e Webster, Douglas Raymund (1912). "St. Sylvester Gozzolini". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. XIV. Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h "San Silvestro Guzzolini". Santi e Beati. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
  5. ^ a b c d Alban Butler (12 January 2023). "Lives of the Saints".
  6. ^ Parolin, Pietro (3 June 2017). "ST SYLVESTER THE RELEVANCE OF A CHARISM". Symposium Held at Fabriano Monastery of St Sylvester.
  7. ^ Nicolini, Ugolino (1971). "BONFIGLIO, santo". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Vol. 12. Retrieved 1 December 2022 – via Treccani.
  8. ^ Calendarium Romanum, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969, p. 147
  9. ^ "St. Sylvester Gozzolini". Catholic Online. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
[edit]
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