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{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}}
{{redirect|HD6|the star|HD 6}}
{{Infobox_gene}}
{{Infobox_gene}}
'''Defensin, alpha 6''' (DEFA6) also known as '''human alpha defensin 6''' ('''HD6''') is a human [[protein]] that is encoded by the ''DEFA6'' [[gene]].<ref name="entrez"/><ref name="pmid8417977">{{Cite journal | vauthors = Jones DE, Bevins CL | title = Defensin-6 mRNA in human Paneth cells: implications for antimicrobial peptides in host defense of the human bowel | journal = FEBS Lett. | volume = 315 | issue = 2 | pages = 187–92 |date=January 1993| pmid = 8417977 | doi = 10.1016/0014-5793(93)81160-2| url = }}</ref> ''DEFA6'' is expressed in the [[Paneth cells]] of the [[ileum]].<ref name="pmid8915011">{{Cite journal | vauthors = Zhao C, Wang I, Lehrer RI | title = Widespread expression of beta-defensin hBD-1 in human secretory glands and epithelial cells | journal = FEBS Lett | volume = 396 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 319–22 |date=24 Nov 1996| pmid = 8915011 | pmc = | doi = 10.1016/0014-5793(96)01123-4 }}</ref>
'''Defensin, alpha 6''' (DEFA6) also known as '''human alpha defensin 6''' ('''HD6''') is a human [[protein]] that is encoded by the ''DEFA6'' [[gene]].<ref name="entrez"/><ref name="pmid8417977">{{cite journal | vauthors = Jones DE, Bevins CL | title = Defensin-6 mRNA in human Paneth cells: implications for antimicrobial peptides in host defense of the human bowel | journal = FEBS Letters | volume = 315 | issue = 2 | pages = 187–92 | date = January 1993 | pmid = 8417977 | doi = 10.1016/0014-5793(93)81160-2 | s2cid = 45099115 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ''DEFA6'' is expressed in the [[Paneth cells]] of the [[ileum]].<ref name="pmid8915011">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhao C, Wang I, Lehrer RI | title = Widespread expression of beta-defensin hBD-1 in human secretory glands and epithelial cells | journal = FEBS Letters | volume = 396 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 319–22 | date = November 1996 | pmid = 8915011 | doi = 10.1016/0014-5793(96)01123-4 | s2cid = 22367037 | doi-access = free }}</ref>


== Function ==
== Function ==


The [[alpha defensins]] are a family of microbicidal and cytotoxic peptides that defend the host against [[bacteria]] and [[viruses]]. HD6 has poor antibacterial potency.<ref name="pmid15616305">{{cite journal | vauthors=Ericksen B, Wu Z, Lu W, Lehrer RI |title=Antibacterial Activity and Specificity of the Six Human α-Defensins |journal= Antimicrob Agents Chemother. |volume=49 |issue= 1 |pages= 269–75 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15616305 |pmc= 538877 |doi= 10.1128/AAC.49.1.269-275.2005}}</ref> However, HD6 affords protection against invasion by [[enteric]] bacterial [[pathogens]] by self-assembly to form [[fibrils]] and [[nanonets]] that surround and entangle bacteria.<ref name="pmid22722251">{{cite journal | vauthors=Chu H, Pazgier M, Jung G, Nuccio SP, Castillo PA, de Jong MF, Winter MG, Winter SE, Wehkamp J, Shen B, Salzman NH, Underwood MA, Tsolis RM, Young GM, Lu W, Lehrer RI, Bäumler AJ, Bevins CL |title=Human α-Defensin 6 Promotes Mucosal Innate Immunity Through Self-Assembled Peptide Nanonets |journal= Science |year= 2012 |pmid= 22722251 |doi= 10.1126/science.1218831 |volume=337 |issue=6093 |pages=477–81}}</ref>
The [[alpha defensins]] are a family of microbicidal and cytotoxic peptides that defend the host against [[bacteria]] and [[viruses]]. HD6 has poor antibacterial potency.<ref name="pmid15616305">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ericksen B, Wu Z, Lu W, Lehrer RI | title = Antibacterial activity and specificity of the six human {alpha}-defensins | journal = Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy | volume = 49 | issue = 1 | pages = 269–75 | date = January 2005 | pmid = 15616305 | pmc = 538877 | doi = 10.1128/AAC.49.1.269-275.2005 }}</ref> However, HD6 affords protection against invasion by [[enteric]] bacterial [[pathogens]] by self-assembly to form [[fibrils]] and [[nanonets]] that surround and entangle bacteria.<ref name="pmid22722251">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chu H, Pazgier M, Jung G, Nuccio SP, Castillo PA, de Jong MF, Winter MG, Winter SE, Wehkamp J, Shen B, Salzman NH, Underwood MA, Tsolis RM, Young GM, Lu W, Lehrer RI, Bäumler AJ, Bevins CL | display-authors = 6 | title = Human α-defensin 6 promotes mucosal innate immunity through self-assembled peptide nanonets | journal = Science | volume = 337 | issue = 6093 | pages = 477–81 | date = July 2012 | pmid = 22722251 | pmc = 4332406 | doi = 10.1126/science.1218831 | bibcode = 2012Sci...337..477C }}</ref>


Several alpha [[defensin]] genes, including ''DEFA6'', are clustered on chromosome 8.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: DEFA6 defensin, alpha 6, Paneth cell-specific (''Homo sapiens'') | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?term=DEFa6| accessdate = }}</ref>
Several alpha [[defensin]] genes, including ''DEFA6'', are clustered on chromosome 8.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: DEFA6 defensin, alpha 6, Paneth cell-specific (''Homo sapiens'') | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?term=DEFa6}}</ref>


==References==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==Further reading==
== Further reading ==
{{Refbegin | 2}}
{{Refbegin | 2}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Szyk A, Wu Z, Tucker K, Yang D, Lu W, Lubkowski J | title = Crystal structures of human alpha-defensins HNP4, HD5, and HD6 | journal = Protein Science | volume = 15 | issue = 12 | pages = 2749–60 | date = December 2006 | pmid = 17088326 | pmc = 2242434 | doi = 10.1110/ps.062336606 }}
{{PBB_Further_reading | citations =
*{{Cite journal | vauthors=Szyk A, Wu Z, Tucker K |title=Crystal structures of human α-defensins HNP4, HD5, and HD6 |journal= Protein Sci. |volume=15 |issue= 12 |pages= 2749–60 |year= 2006 |pmid= 17088326 |pmc=2242434 |doi= 10.1110/ps.062336606|display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wu Z, Ericksen B, Tucker K, Lubkowski J, Lu W | title = Synthesis and characterization of human alpha-defensins 4-6 | journal = The Journal of Peptide Research | volume = 64 | issue = 3 | pages = 118–25 | date = September 2004 | pmid = 15317502 | doi = 10.1111/j.1399-3011.2004.00179.x }}
*{{Cite journal | vauthors=Wu Z, Ericksen B, Tucker K |title=Synthesis and characterization of human alpha-defensins 4-6 |journal=J Pept Res. |volume=64 |issue= 3 |pages= 118–25 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15317502 |doi= 10.1111/j.1399-3011.2004.00179.x|display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Mallow EB, Harris A, Salzman N, Russell JP, DeBerardinis RJ, Ruchelli E, Bevins CL | title = Human enteric defensins. Gene structure and developmental expression | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 271 | issue = 8 | pages = 4038–45 | date = February 1996 | pmid = 8626737 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.271.8.4038 | doi-access = free }}
*{{Cite journal | vauthors=Mallow EB, Harris A, Salzman N |title=Human enteric defensins. Gene structure and developmental expression |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 8 |pages= 4038–45 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8626737 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.271.8.4038|display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Bevins CL, Jones DE, Dutra A, Schaffzin J, Muenke M | title = Human enteric defensin genes: chromosomal map position and a model for possible evolutionary relationships | journal = Genomics | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | pages = 95–106 | date = January 1996 | pmid = 8808285 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1996.0014 }}
*{{Cite journal | vauthors=Bevins CL, Jones DE, Dutra A |title=Human enteric defensin genes: chromosomal map position and a model for possible evolutionary relationships |journal=Genomics |volume=31 |issue= 1 |pages= 95–106 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8808285 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1996.0014 |display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Eisenhauer PB, Harwig SS, Lehrer RI | title = Cryptdins: antimicrobial defensins of the murine small intestine | journal = Infection and Immunity | volume = 60 | issue = 9 | pages = 3556–65 | date = September 1992 | pmid = 1500163 | pmc = 257361 | doi = 10.1128/IAI.60.9.3556-3565.1992 }}
* {{Cite journal | vauthors = Eisenhauer PB, Harwig SS, Lehrer RI | title = Cryptdins: antimicrobial defensins of the murine small intestine | journal = Infect. Immun. | volume = 60 | issue = 9 | pages = 3556–65 |date=September 1992| pmid = 1500163 | pmc = 257361 | doi = | url = }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Huttner KM, Selsted ME, Ouellette AJ | title = Structure and diversity of the murine cryptdin gene family | journal = Genomics | volume = 19 | issue = 3 | pages = 448–53 | date = February 1994 | pmid = 8188287 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1994.1093 }}
* {{Cite journal | vauthors = Huttner KM, Selsted ME, Ouellette AJ | title = Structure and diversity of the murine cryptdin gene family | journal = Genomics | volume = 19 | issue = 3 | pages = 448–53 |date=February 1994| pmid = 8188287 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1994.1093 | url = }}
{{Refend}}
{{Refend}}
}}
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{{PDB Gallery|geneid=1671}}


== External links ==
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
* [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/pdbe-kb/proteins/Q01524 PDBe-KB] provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Defensin-6
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[[Category:Defensins]]


{{gene-8-stub}}
{{gene-8-stub}}

Latest revision as of 06:13, 17 November 2023

"HD6" redirects here. For the star, see HD 6.
DEFA6
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesDEFA6, DEF6, HD-6, defensin alpha 6
External IDsOMIM: 600471; MGI: 3711900; HomoloGene: 130499; GeneCards: DEFA6; OMA:DEFA6 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

1671

100041688

Ensembl

ENSG00000164822
ENSG00000285136

ENSMUSG00000061845

UniProt

Q01524

E9QLQ1

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001926

NM_001177481

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001917

NP_001170952

Location (UCSC)Chr 8: 6.92 – 6.93 MbChr 8: 21.56 – 21.56 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Defensin, alpha 6 (DEFA6) also known as human alpha defensin 6 (HD6) is a human protein that is encoded by the DEFA6 gene.[5][6] DEFA6 is expressed in the Paneth cells of the ileum.[7]

Function

[edit]

The alpha defensins are a family of microbicidal and cytotoxic peptides that defend the host against bacteria and viruses. HD6 has poor antibacterial potency.[8] However, HD6 affords protection against invasion by enteric bacterial pathogens by self-assembly to form fibrils and nanonets that surround and entangle bacteria.[9]

Several alpha defensin genes, including DEFA6, are clustered on chromosome 8.[5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c ENSG00000285136 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000164822, ENSG00000285136 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000061845 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: DEFA6 defensin, alpha 6, Paneth cell-specific (Homo sapiens)".
  6. ^ Jones DE, Bevins CL (January 1993). "Defensin-6 mRNA in human Paneth cells: implications for antimicrobial peptides in host defense of the human bowel". FEBS Letters. 315 (2): 187–92. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(93)81160-2. PMID 8417977. S2CID 45099115.
  7. ^ Zhao C, Wang I, Lehrer RI (November 1996). "Widespread expression of beta-defensin hBD-1 in human secretory glands and epithelial cells". FEBS Letters. 396 (2–3): 319–22. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(96)01123-4. PMID 8915011. S2CID 22367037.
  8. ^ Ericksen B, Wu Z, Lu W, Lehrer RI (January 2005). "Antibacterial activity and specificity of the six human {alpha}-defensins". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 49 (1): 269–75. doi:10.1128/AAC.49.1.269-275.2005. PMC 538877. PMID 15616305.
  9. ^ Chu H, Pazgier M, Jung G, Nuccio SP, Castillo PA, de Jong MF, et al. (July 2012). "Human α-defensin 6 promotes mucosal innate immunity through self-assembled peptide nanonets". Science. 337 (6093): 477–81. Bibcode:2012Sci...337..477C. doi:10.1126/science.1218831. PMC 4332406. PMID 22722251.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
  • PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Defensin-6
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