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|image_size =
|image_size =
|caption =
|caption =
|country_of_origin=[[Ukraine]]
|country_of_origin=[[Soviet Union]]
|date =
|date =
|first_date = October 27, 1967
|first_date = October 27, 1967
|last_date =
|last_date =
|designer =[[Yuzhnoye Design Bureau]]
|designer = [[Yuzhnoye Design Bureau]]
|manufacturer =[[Yuzhmash]]
|manufacturer = [[Yuzhmash]]
|purpose =Upper Stage
|purpose = Upper stage
|associated =[[Tsyklon-3]]
|associated = [[Tsyklon-3]]
|predecessor =[[RD-854]]
|predecessor = [[RD-854]]
|successor =[[RD-861K]]
|successor = [[RD-861K]]
|status =Out of production
|status = Out of production


|type =liquid
|type = liquid
|fuel =[[UDMH]]
|fuel = [[UDMH]]
|oxidiser =[[N2O4]]
|oxidiser = {{N2O4}}
|mixture_ratio =2.1
|mixture_ratio = 2.1
|cycle =[[Gas-generator cycle (rocket)|Gas Generator]]
|cycle = [[Gas-generator cycle (rocket)|Gas generator]]
|pumps =
|pumps =


|description =
|description =
|combustion_chamber=1 + 4
|combustion_chamber= 1 + 4
|nozzle_ratio = 112.4 (Main)
|nozzle_ratio = 112.4 (main)


|thrust =
|thrust =
|thrust_at_altitude=
|thrust_at_altitude=
|thrust(Vac) ={{convert|78.71|kN|lbf|abbr=on}}
|thrust(Vac) = {{convert|78.71|kN|lbf|abbr=on}}
|thrust(SL) =
|thrust(SL) =
|thrust_to_weight=
|thrust_to_weight=
|chamber_pressure={{convert|8.88|MPa|abbr=on}}
|chamber_pressure= {{convert|8.88|MPa|abbr=on}}
|specific_impulse=
|specific_impulse=
|specific_impulse_vacuum=317 seconds
|specific_impulse_vacuum= 317 seconds
|specific_impulse_sea_level=
|specific_impulse_sea_level=
|total_impulse =
|total_impulse =
|burn_time =up to 130s
|burn_time = Up to 130s
|restarts = 1
|restarts = 1
|capacity =
|capacity =


|dimensions =
|dimensions =
|length ={{convert|1.56|m|abbr=on}}
|length = {{convert|1.56|m|abbr=on}}
|diameter ={{convert|1.53|m|abbr=on}}
|diameter = {{convert|1.53|m|abbr=on}}
|dry_weight ={{convert|123|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|dry_weight = {{convert|123|kg|lb|abbr=on}}


|used_in =[[Tsyklon-2]] and [[Tsyklon-3]] third stage
|used_in = [[Tsyklon-2]] and [[Tsyklon-3]] third stage


|references =<ref name=ea-rd854 /><ref name=ea-rd861 /><ref name=ea-rd861k /><ref name=kosmo-tsiklone3 /><ref name=ukrspexport-rd861k />
|references =<ref name=ea-rd854 /><ref name=ea-rd861 /><ref name=ea-rd861k /><ref name=kosmo-tsiklone3 /><ref name=ukrspexport-rd861k />
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* '''RD-854''' ([[GRAU]] Index: 8D612): First developed as the third stage engine for the [[8K69|R-36ORB]] [[Fractional Orbital Bombardment System|FOBS]].<ref name=ea-rd854 /><ref name=kosmo-ogtch />
* '''RD-854''' ([[GRAU]] Index: 8D612): First developed as the third stage engine for the [[8K69|R-36ORB]] [[Fractional Orbital Bombardment System|FOBS]].<ref name=ea-rd854 /><ref name=kosmo-ogtch />
* '''RD-861''' ([[GRAU]] Index: 11D25): Also known as the '''D-25'''. It was the engine of the [[Tsyklon-3]] third stage.<ref name=kosmo-tsiklone3 />
* '''RD-861''' ([[GRAU]] Index: 11D25): Also known as the '''D-25'''. It was the engine of the [[Tsyklon-3]] third stage.<ref name=kosmo-tsiklone3 />
* '''RD-861K''' : An improved RD-861, developed for the third stage of the [[Tsyklon-4]]. The vernier nozzles were replaced with an [[Actuator#Hydraulic|hydraulic actuated]] [[Gimbaled thrust|gimbal]] for the whole engine. The isp was increased, the burn time tripled and the reignitions increased to three.<ref name=ea-rd861k /><ref name=yuzhnoye-rd861k /><ref name=yuzhmash-rd861k />
* '''RD-861K''' : An improved RD-861, developed for the third stage of the [[Tsyklon-4]]. The vernier nozzles were replaced with a [[Actuator#Hydraulic|hydraulic actuated]] [[Gimbaled thrust|gimbal]] for the whole engine. The isp was increased, the burn time tripled and the reignitions increased to three.<ref name=ea-rd861k /><ref name=yuzhnoye-rd861k /><ref name=yuzhmash-rd861k />


==See also==
==See also==
*[[8K69|R-36ORB]] - The [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[Intercontinental ballistic missile|ICBM]] that was part of the [[Fractional Orbital Bombardment System]] and for which the RD-854 was created.
*[[8K69|R-36ORB]] - The [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[Intercontinental ballistic missile|ICBM]] that was part of the [[Fractional Orbital Bombardment System]] and for which the RD-854 was created.
*[[Tsyklon-3]] - A [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] small rocket that uses the RD-861.
*[[Tsyklon-3]] - A [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] small rocket that uses the RD-861.
*[[Tsyklon-4]] - An [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] small rocket project that would have used the RD-861K.
*[[Tsyklon-4]] - A [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] small rocket project that would have used the RD-861K.
*[[Yuzhnoe Design Bureau]] - The RD-854/861 designer bureau.
*[[Yuzhnoe Design Bureau]] - The RD-854/861 designer bureau.
*[[Yuzhmash]] - A multi-product machine-building company that's closely related to Yuzhnoe and manufactures the RD-854/861.
*[[Yuzhmash]] - A multi-product machine-building company that's closely related to Yuzhnoe and manufactures the RD-854/861.
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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name=ea-r36o>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/r36o.htm |title=R-36-O |website=Encyclopedia Astronautica |accessdate=2016-07-06}}</ref>
<ref name=ea-r36o>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/r36o.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020305192344/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/r36o.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 5, 2002 |title=R-36-O |website=Encyclopedia Astronautica |access-date=2016-07-06}}</ref>
<ref name=ea-rd854>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/engines/rd854.htm |title=RD-854 |website=Encyclopedia Astronautica |accessdate=2016-07-06}}</ref>
<ref name=ea-rd854>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/engines/rd854.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021028222556/http://astronautix.com/engines/rd854.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 28, 2002 |title=RD-854 |website=Encyclopedia Astronautica |access-date=2016-07-06}}</ref>
<ref name=ea-rd861>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/engines/rd861.htm |title=RD-861 |website=Encyclopedia Astronautica |accessdate=2016-07-06}}</ref>
<ref name=ea-rd861>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/engines/rd861.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020626223127/http://www.astronautix.com/engines/rd861.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 26, 2002 |title=RD-861 |website=Encyclopedia Astronautica |access-date=2016-07-06}}</ref>
<ref name=ea-rd861k>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/engines/rd861k.htm |title=RD-861K |website=Encyclopedia Astronautica |accessdate=2016-07-06}}</ref>
<ref name=ea-rd861k>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/engines/rd861k.htm |title=RD-861K |website=Encyclopedia Astronautica |access-date=2016-07-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052107/http://www.astronautix.com/engines/rd861k.htm |archive-date=2016-03-04 }}</ref>
<ref name=kosmo-ogtch>{{cite web |url=http://www.kosmonavtika.com/satellites/ogtch/ogtch.html |title=Les satellites OGTch |trans-title=The OGTch satellites |first=Nicolas |last=Pillet |publisher=Kosmonavtika.com |language=French |accessdate=2016-07-06}}</ref>
<ref name=kosmo-ogtch>{{cite web |url=http://www.kosmonavtika.com/satellites/ogtch/ogtch.html |title=Les satellites OGTch |trans-title=The OGTch satellites |first=Nicolas |last=Pillet |publisher=Kosmonavtika.com |language=fr |access-date=2016-07-06}}</ref>
<ref name=kosmo-tsiklonehist>{{cite web |url=http://www.kosmonavtika.com/lanceurs/tsiklone/hist/hist.html |title=Histoire du lanceur Tsiklone |trans-title=History of the Tsyklon launcher |first=Nicolas |last=Pillet |publisher=Kosmonavtika.com |language=French |accessdate=2016-07-06}}</ref>
<ref name=kosmo-tsiklonehist>{{cite web |url=http://www.kosmonavtika.com/lanceurs/tsiklone/hist/hist.html |title=Histoire du lanceur Tsiklone |trans-title=History of the Tsyklon launcher |first=Nicolas |last=Pillet |publisher=Kosmonavtika.com |language=fr |access-date=2016-07-06}}</ref>
<ref name=kosmo-tsiklone3>{{cite web |url=http://www.kosmonavtika.com/lanceurs/tsiklone/tech/4.html |title=Tsiklone - Le troisième étage |trans-title=Tsyklon - The third stage |first=Nicolas |last=Pillet |publisher=Kosmonavtika.com |language=French |accessdate=2016-07-06}}</ref>
<ref name=kosmo-tsiklone3>{{cite web |url=http://www.kosmonavtika.com/lanceurs/tsiklone/tech/4.html |title=Tsiklone - Le troisième étage |trans-title=Tsyklon - The third stage |first=Nicolas |last=Pillet |publisher=Kosmonavtika.com |language=fr |access-date=2016-07-06}}</ref>
<ref name=ukrspexport-rd861k>{{cite web |url=http://catalog.use.kiev.ua/index.php?page=catalog&cat_id=30&view=product&id=290 |title=RD-861K |publisher=Defense Industry Of Ukraine Products And Services |accessdate=2016-07-11}}</ref>
<ref name=ukrspexport-rd861k>{{cite web |url=http://catalog.use.kiev.ua/index.php?page=catalog&cat_id=30&view=product&id=290 |title=RD-861K |publisher=Defense Industry Of Ukraine Products And Services |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818221937/http://catalog.use.kiev.ua/index.php?page=catalog&cat_id=30&view=product&id=290
|archive-date=18 August 2016}}</ref>
<ref name=yuzhnoye-rd861k>{{cite web |url=http://www.yuzhnoye.com/en/technique/rocket-engines/marching/rd-861k/ |title=RD-861K |publisher=Yuzhnoye |accessdate=2016-07-06}}</ref>
<ref name=yuzhmash-rd861k>{{cite web |url=http://www.yuzhmash.com/production/index/rengines?id=14 |title=Liquid rocket engine RD-861K |publisher=Yuzhmash |accessdate=2015-07-06}}</ref>
<ref name=yuzhnoye-rd861k>{{cite web |url=http://www.yuzhnoye.com/en/technique/rocket-engines/marching/rd-861k/ |title=RD-861K |publisher=Yuzhnoye |url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529163233/http://www.yuzhnoye.com/en/technique/rocket-engines/marching/rd-861k/ |archive-date=29 May 2015}}</ref>
<ref name=yuzhmash-rd861k>{{cite web |url=http://www.yuzhmash.com/production/index/rengines?id=14 |title=Liquid rocket engine RD-861K |publisher=Yuzhmash |url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215164709/http://www.yuzhmash.com/production/index/rengines?id=14 |archive-date=15 December 2012}}</ref>
}}
}}


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.yuzhnoye.com/en/home/ Yuzhnoye Design Bureau English-language home page]
* [http://www.yuzhnoye.com/en/home/ Yuzhnoye Design Bureau English-language home page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629020706/https://www.yuzhnoye.com/en/home/ |date=2021-06-29 }}
* [http://www.yuzhmash.com/ Yuzhmash Home Page]
* [http://www.yuzhmash.com/ Yuzhmash Home Page]


{{Rocket engines}}
{{Rocket engines}}


[[Category:Space program of Ukraine]]
[[Category:Rocket engines using hypergolic propellant]]
[[Category:Rocket engines using hypergolic propellant]]
[[Category:Rocket engines using the gas-generator cycle]]
[[Category:Rocket engines using the gas-generator cycle]]
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[[Category:Yuzhmash rocket engines]]
[[Category:Yuzhmash rocket engines]]
[[Category:Rocket engines of Ukraine]]
[[Category:Rocket engines of Ukraine]]



{{rocket-stub}}
{{rocket-stub}}

Latest revision as of 19:29, 4 October 2023

RD-861 (РД-861)
Country of originSoviet Union
First flightOctober 27, 1967
DesignerYuzhnoye Design Bureau
ManufacturerYuzhmash
ApplicationUpper stage
Associated LVTsyklon-3
PredecessorRD-854
SuccessorRD-861K
StatusOut of production
Liquid-fuel engine
PropellantN2O4 / UDMH
Mixture ratio2.1
CycleGas generator
Configuration
Chamber1 + 4
Nozzle ratio112.4 (main)
Performance
Thrust, vacuum78.71 kN (17,690 lbf)
Chamber pressure8.88 MPa (1,288 psi)
Specific impulse, vacuum317 seconds
Burn timeUp to 130s
Restarts1
Dimensions
Length1.56 m (5 ft 1 in)
Diameter1.53 m (5 ft 0 in)
Dry mass123 kg (271 lb)
Used in
Tsyklon-2 and Tsyklon-3 third stage
References
References[1][2][3][4][5]

The RD-861 is a Soviet liquid propellant rocket engine burning UDMH and nitrogen tetroxide in a gas generator combustion cycle. It has a main combustion chamber, with four vernier nozzles fed by the gas generator output.[2] It can be reignited a single time.[4]

History

[edit]

When the Soviet military developed the Fractional Orbital Bombardment System, Yangel's OKB-586 proposed a new version of their R-36 ICBM, called the R-36-ORB (GRAU Index: 8K69). It incorporated an orbital warhead called OGCh (GRAU Index: 8F021), for which the RD-854 engine was developed in-house. Since the Outer Space Treaty of 1967 banned nuclear weapons in Earth orbit, but did not ban the launch systems, the Soviet Union proceeded to test their FOBS albeit without placing nuclear warheads in orbit.[6][7]

Versions

[edit]

There are three versions of this engine:

  • RD-854 (GRAU Index: 8D612): First developed as the third stage engine for the R-36ORB FOBS.[1][8]
  • RD-861 (GRAU Index: 11D25): Also known as the D-25. It was the engine of the Tsyklon-3 third stage.[4]
  • RD-861K : An improved RD-861, developed for the third stage of the Tsyklon-4. The vernier nozzles were replaced with a hydraulic actuated gimbal for the whole engine. The isp was increased, the burn time tripled and the reignitions increased to three.[3][9][10]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "RD-854". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on October 28, 2002. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
  2. ^ a b "RD-861". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on June 26, 2002. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
  3. ^ a b "RD-861K". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
  4. ^ a b c Pillet, Nicolas. "Tsiklone - Le troisième étage" [Tsyklon - The third stage] (in French). Kosmonavtika.com. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
  5. ^ "RD-861K". Defense Industry Of Ukraine Products And Services. Archived from the original on 18 August 2016.
  6. ^ "R-36-O". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on March 5, 2002. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
  7. ^ Pillet, Nicolas. "Histoire du lanceur Tsiklone" [History of the Tsyklon launcher] (in French). Kosmonavtika.com. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
  8. ^ Pillet, Nicolas. "Les satellites OGTch" [The OGTch satellites] (in French). Kosmonavtika.com. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
  9. ^ "RD-861K". Yuzhnoye. Archived from the original on 29 May 2015.
  10. ^ "Liquid rocket engine RD-861K". Yuzhmash. Archived from the original on 15 December 2012.
[edit]


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