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Nanaerobes are organisms that cannot grow in the presence of micromolar concentrations of oxygen, but can grow with and benefit from the presence of nanomolar concentrations of oxygen (e.g. Bacteroides fragilis).^[1] Like other anaerobes, these organisms do not require oxygen for growth. This growth benefit requires the expression of an oxygen respiratory chain that is typically associated with microaerophilic respiration. Recent studies suggest that respiration in low concentrations of oxygen is an ancient process which predates the emergence of oxygenic photosynthesis.

References

^ Morris, Rachel L.; Schmidt, Thomas M. (2013). "Shallow breathing: Bacterial life at low O2". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 11 (3): 205–212. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2970. PMC 3969821. PMID 23411864.

[1] Morris, Rachel L.; Schmidt, Thomas M. (2013). "Shallow breathing: Bacterial life at low O2". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 11 (3): 205–212. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2970. PMC 3969821. PMID 23411864.

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-'''Nanaerobes''' are organisms that cannot grow in the presence of micromolar concentrations of oxygen, but can grow with and benefit from the presence of nanomolar concentrations of oxygen (eg ''[[Bacteriodes fragilis]]''). Like other [[anaerobe]]s, these organisms do not require oxygen for growth. This growth benefit requires the expression of an oxygen respiratory chain that is typically associated with [[microaerophile|microaerophilic]] respiration. Recent studies suggest that respiration on low concentrations of oxygen is an ancient process which predates the [[evolution|emergence]] of oxygenic [[photosynthesis]].
+'''Nanaerobes''' are organisms that cannot grow in the presence of micromolar concentrations of oxygen, but can grow with and benefit from the presence of nanomolar concentrations of oxygen (e.g. ''[[Bacteroides fragilis]]'').<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1038/nrmicro2970|pmc=3969821|title=Shallow breathing: Bacterial life at low O2|journal=Nature Reviews Microbiology|volume=11|issue=3|pages=205–212|year=2013|last1=Morris|first1=Rachel L.|last2=Schmidt|first2=Thomas M.|pmid=23411864 }}</ref> Like other [[anaerobe]]s, these organisms do not require oxygen for growth. This growth benefit requires the expression of an oxygen respiratory chain that is typically associated with [[microaerophile|microaerophilic]] respiration. Recent studies suggest that respiration in low concentrations of oxygen is an ancient process which predates the [[evolution|emergence]] of oxygenic [[photosynthesis]].
+==References==
+{{Reflist}}
+{{Bacteria}}
 [[Category:Cellular respiration]]