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Coordinates: 40°27′34″N 105°51′01″W / 40.45944°N 105.85028°W / 40.45944; -105.85028
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{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox NRHP
{{Infobox NRHP
| name = Grand River Ditch
| name = Grand River Ditch
| nrhp_type =
| nrhp_type =
| image = Grand River Ditch.jpg
| image = Grand River Ditch.jpg
| caption =
| caption =
| nearest_city= [[Grand Lake, Colorado]]
| nearest_city = [[Grand Lake, Colorado]]
| coordinates = {{coord|40|27|34|N|105|51|01|W|display=inline,title}}
| lat_degrees = 40
⚫
| locmapin = Colorado#USA
| lat_minutes = 27
⚫
| built = 1890
| lat_seconds = 34
| engineer = J.J. Argo
| lat_direction = N
⚫
| added = September 29, 1976
| long_degrees = 105
⚫
| area = {{convert|460|acre|km2}}
| long_minutes = 51
⚫
| mpsub = Rocky Mountain National Park MRA (AD)
| long_seconds = 01
⚫
| refnum = 76000218<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>
| long_direction = W
| coord_display = inline,title
⚫
| locmapin = Colorado
⚫
| built = 1890
| architect OR builder = Argo,J. J.
| architecture =
⚫
| added = September 29, 1976
⚫
| area = {{convert|460|acre}}
| governing_body = Federal
⚫
| mpsub = Rocky Mountain National Park MRA (AD)
⚫
| refnum = 76000218<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>
}}
}}


The '''Grand Ditch''', also known as the '''Grand River Ditch''' and originally known as the '''North Grand River Ditch''', is a [[Interbasin water diversion|water diversion]] project in the [[Never Summer Mountains]], in northern [[Colorado]] ([[United States]]). It is {{convert|14.3|mi}} long, {{convert|20|ft}} wide, and {{convert|3|ft}} deep on average. Streams and creeks that flow from the highest peaks of the Never Summer Mountains are diverted into the ditch, which flows over the [[Continental Divide of the Americas|Continental Divide]] at [[La Poudre Pass]] at {{convert|10175|ft}}, delivering the water into the [[Cache La Poudre River]] for eastern plains farmers. The ditch was started in 1890 and wasn't completed until 1936. The ditch diverts between 20 to 40% of the runoff from the Never Summer Mountains, and delivers an average of {{convert|20000|acre.ft|m3|lk=in}}. It significantly impacts the ecology in the valley below<ref>Effects of the Grand Ditch, National Park Services, 2004. http://www.nps.gov/romo/downloads/CDRLC/summaries/ditch.pdf</ref> and the [[National Park Service]] has fought in court to reduce the amount of diverted water.
The '''Grand Ditch''', also known as the '''Grand River Ditch''' and originally known as the '''North Grand River Ditch''', is a [[Interbasin water diversion|water diversion]] project in the [[Never Summer Mountains]], in northern [[Colorado]] in the United States. It is {{convert|14.3|mi}} long, {{convert|20|ft}} wide, and {{convert|3|ft}} deep on average. Streams and creeks that flow from the highest peaks of the Never Summer Mountains are diverted into the ditch, which flows over the [[Continental Divide of the Americas|Continental Divide]] at [[La Poudre Pass]] at {{convert|10175|ft}}, delivering the water into [[Long Draw Reservoir]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Long Draw Reservoir - Public Lands History Center |url=https://publiclands.colostate.edu/digital_projects/dp/poudre-river/moving-storing/ditches-dams-diversions/long-draw-reservoir/ |website=publiclands.colostate.edu}}</ref> and the [[Cache La Poudre River]] for eastern plains farmers. The water would otherwise have gone into the [[Colorado River]] (formerly known as the "Grand River", from which the name of the ditch is derived) that flows west towards the [[Pacific]]; instead, the Cache La Poudre River goes East and through the [[Mississippi River]] discharges into the [[Gulf of Mexico]].

The ditch was started in 1890 and wasn't completed until 1936. The ditch diverts between 20 and 40% of the runoff from the Never Summer Mountains, and delivers an average of {{convert|20000|acre.ft|m3|lk=in}}. It significantly impacts the ecology in the valley below and the [[National Park Service]] has fought in court to reduce the amount of diverted water.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nps.gov/articles/effects-of-the-grand-ditch.htm | title=Effects of the Grand Ditch (U.S. National Park Service) }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/news/pr_grand_ditch_draft_environmental_impact_statement.htm | title=Grand Ditch Breach Restoration Draft Environmental Impact Statement Released for Rocky Mountain National Park - Rocky Mountain National Park (U.S. National Park Service) }}</ref>


==History==
==History==
[[File:Grand Ditch scar viewed from the Holzwarth Historic District July 2016.jpg|thumb|Grand Ditch seen from the [[Holzwarth Historic District]]]]
The Grand Ditch was built by the Larimer County Ditch Company, mostly by [[Japan]]ese crews, working with hand tools and black powder. The first diverted water flowed east across La Poudre Pass on October 15, 1890. Water Supply and Storage Company took over ownership in 1891.<ref name="hcn">''Water across the Divide'', in ''High Country News'', October 12, 2009, http://www.hcn.org/issues/41.17/water-across-the-divide</ref> The ditch was extended every year, and reached three miles in 1894.<ref name="ItHappened">Perry, Phyllis J., ''It Happened in Rocky Mountain National Park'', Globe Pequot, 2008 ISBN 978-0-7627-4238-7</ref>
The Grand Ditch was built by the Larimer County Ditch Company, mostly by Japanese crews, working with hand tools and black powder. The first diverted water flowed east across La Poudre Pass on October 15, 1890. Water Supply and Storage Company took over ownership in 1891.<ref name="hcn">''Water across the Divide'', in ''High Country News'', October 12, 2009, http://www.hcn.org/issues/41.17/water-across-the-divide</ref> The ditch was extended every year, and reached three miles in 1894.<ref name="ItHappened">{{cite book|last=Perry|first=Phyllis J.|title=It Happened in Rocky Mountain National Park|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K8O8AnWYcK8C&pg=PA36|year=2008|publisher=Globe Pequot|isbn=9780762742387|pages=35–37}}</ref>


After the creation of [[Rocky Mountain National Park]], increasing demand for water led to the creation of Long Draw Reservoir, and the required land was taken away from the park in 1923. Long Draw reservoir opened in 1930. The Grand Ditch was then lengthened one more time—this required an act of Congress since it was now in a national park—to {{convert|14.3|mi}} in September 1936.<ref name="ItHappened"/>
After the creation of [[Rocky Mountain National Park]], increasing demand for water led to the creation of Long Draw Reservoir, and the required land was taken away from the park by Congress in 1923. Long Draw reservoir opened in 1930. The Grand Ditch was then lengthened one more time—this also required an act of Congress since it was now in a national park—to {{convert|14.3|mi}} in September 1936.<ref name="ItHappened"/>


In May 2003 a 100 foot section of the ditch breached about {{convert|2.4|mi}} south of La Poudre Pass, causing the water to cascade down the slopes and into the Colorado River. The flood left a visible scar on the mountainside. The Water Supply and Storage Company was ordered to pay $9 million in damages to Rocky Mountain National Park.<ref>''Grand Ditch settlement reached: $9 million'', in ''Ft Collins Now'', 5 May 2008, http://www.fortcollinsnow.com/article/20080505/NEWS/911660996&parentprofile=search</ref>
In May 2003 a {{cvt|100|foot|adj=on}} section of the ditch breached about {{convert|2.4|mi}} south of La Poudre Pass, causing the water to cascade down the slopes and into the Colorado River. The flood left a visible scar on the mountainside: 20,000 trees were downed and 47,600 cubic yards of debris ended up in the Lulu Creek and the headwaters of the [[Colorado River]]. The Water Supply and Storage Company reached a settlement to pay $9 million in damages to Rocky Mountain National Park.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.reporterherald.com/ci_20243248/rmnp-take-comment-options-grand-ditch-restoration|title=RMNP to take comment on options for Grand Ditch restoration -|last=Dickman|first=Pamela|date=23 March 2012|work=Loveland Reporter-Herald|access-date=6 July 2014}}</ref> Periodic overflows of the ditch, of which the 2003 flood was but one example, has left debris all over the western side of the valley; the eastern side is not affected.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wohl|first=Ellen|title=Rivers in the Landscape: Science and Management|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4031AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA217|year=2014|publisher=Wiley|isbn=9781118414903|page=217}}</ref>


The Grand River Ditch was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] on September 29, 1976.<ref name="nris"/>
The Grand River Ditch was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] on September 29, 1976.<ref name="nris"/> It can be hiked starting from the Bowen/Baker Trailhead in Rocky Mountain National Park.<ref>{{cite book|title=Walking Into Colorado's Past: 50 Front Range History Hikes|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UMFPPy-g8lYC&pg=PA37|year=2006|publisher=Big Earth|isbn=9781565795198|pages=37–40|chapter=Baker Gulch to the Grand Ditch: Stealing Water from the West}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 44: Line 38:


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Grand River Ditch}}
* [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/hhh.co0424 Grand Ditch, Baker Creek to LaPoudre Pass Creek, Grand Lake vicinity, Grand, CO] at the [[Historic American Engineering Record]]
*[[Historic American Engineering Record]] (HAER) documentation, filed under Grand Lake, Grand County, CO:
**{{HAER |survey=CO-32 |id=co0424 |title=Grand Ditch, Baker Creek to LaPoudre Pass Creek |photos=4 |data=5 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=CO-32-A |id=co0425 |title=Grand Ditch, LaPoudre Pass Barn |photos=1 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=CO-32-B |id=co0426 |title=Grand Ditch, Ditch Camp No. 7 |photos=2 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=CO-32-C |id=co0427 |title=Grand Ditch, Ditch Camp No. 3 |photos=2 |cap=1 |link=no}}
*[http://www.nps.gov/romo/parkmgmt/grand_ditch_breach_rest_eis.htm Grand Ditch Breach Restoration Plan, Factsheet 2010]


{{Rocky Mountain National Park}}
{{NRHP in Rocky Mountain NP}}
{{NRHP in Rocky Mountain NP}}
{{Colorado River system}}


[[Category:Rocky Mountain National Park]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Rocky Mountain National Park]]
⚫
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Colorado]]
[[Category:Infrastructure completed in 1936]]
[[Category:Infrastructure completed in 1936]]
[[Category:Water supply infrastructure on the National Register of Historic Places]]
[[Category:Water supply infrastructure on the National Register of Historic Places]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Grand County, Colorado]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Grand County, Colorado]]
[[Category:Historic American Engineering Record in Colorado]]
[[Category:Historic American Engineering Record in Colorado]]
[[Category:Interbasin transfer]]
⚫
[[Category:1936 establishments in Colorado]]

Latest revision as of 22:21, 6 August 2023

Grand River Ditch
Grand Ditch is located in Colorado
Grand Ditch
Grand Ditch is located in the United States
Grand Ditch
Nearest cityGrand Lake, Colorado
Coordinates40°27′34″N 105°51′01″W / 40.45944°N 105.85028°W / 40.45944; -105.85028
Area460 acres (1.9 km2)
Built1890
EngineerJ.J. Argo
MPSRocky Mountain National Park MRA (AD)
NRHP reference No.76000218[1]
Added to NRHPSeptember 29, 1976

The Grand Ditch, also known as the Grand River Ditch and originally known as the North Grand River Ditch, is a water diversion project in the Never Summer Mountains, in northern Colorado in the United States. It is 14.3 miles (23.0 km) long, 20 feet (6.1 m) wide, and 3 feet (0.91 m) deep on average. Streams and creeks that flow from the highest peaks of the Never Summer Mountains are diverted into the ditch, which flows over the Continental Divide at La Poudre Pass at 10,175 feet (3,101 m), delivering the water into Long Draw Reservoir[2] and the Cache La Poudre River for eastern plains farmers. The water would otherwise have gone into the Colorado River (formerly known as the "Grand River", from which the name of the ditch is derived) that flows west towards the Pacific; instead, the Cache La Poudre River goes East and through the Mississippi River discharges into the Gulf of Mexico.

The ditch was started in 1890 and wasn't completed until 1936. The ditch diverts between 20 and 40% of the runoff from the Never Summer Mountains, and delivers an average of 20,000 acre-feet (25,000,000 m3). It significantly impacts the ecology in the valley below and the National Park Service has fought in court to reduce the amount of diverted water.[3][4]

History

[edit]
Grand Ditch seen from the Holzwarth Historic District

The Grand Ditch was built by the Larimer County Ditch Company, mostly by Japanese crews, working with hand tools and black powder. The first diverted water flowed east across La Poudre Pass on October 15, 1890. Water Supply and Storage Company took over ownership in 1891.[5] The ditch was extended every year, and reached three miles in 1894.[6]

After the creation of Rocky Mountain National Park, increasing demand for water led to the creation of Long Draw Reservoir, and the required land was taken away from the park by Congress in 1923. Long Draw reservoir opened in 1930. The Grand Ditch was then lengthened one more time—this also required an act of Congress since it was now in a national park—to 14.3 miles (23.0 km) in September 1936.[6]

In May 2003 a 100 ft (30 m) section of the ditch breached about 2.4 miles (3.9 km) south of La Poudre Pass, causing the water to cascade down the slopes and into the Colorado River. The flood left a visible scar on the mountainside: 20,000 trees were downed and 47,600 cubic yards of debris ended up in the Lulu Creek and the headwaters of the Colorado River. The Water Supply and Storage Company reached a settlement to pay $9 million in damages to Rocky Mountain National Park.[7] Periodic overflows of the ditch, of which the 2003 flood was but one example, has left debris all over the western side of the valley; the eastern side is not affected.[8]

The Grand River Ditch was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 29, 1976.[1] It can be hiked starting from the Bowen/Baker Trailhead in Rocky Mountain National Park.[9]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  2. ^ "Long Draw Reservoir - Public Lands History Center". publiclands.colostate.edu.
  3. ^ "Effects of the Grand Ditch (U.S. National Park Service)".
  4. ^ "Grand Ditch Breach Restoration Draft Environmental Impact Statement Released for Rocky Mountain National Park - Rocky Mountain National Park (U.S. National Park Service)".
  5. ^ Water across the Divide, in High Country News, October 12, 2009, http://www.hcn.org/issues/41.17/water-across-the-divide
  6. ^ a b Perry, Phyllis J. (2008). It Happened in Rocky Mountain National Park. Globe Pequot. pp. 35–37. ISBN 9780762742387.
  7. ^ Dickman, Pamela (March 23, 2012). "RMNP to take comment on options for Grand Ditch restoration -". Loveland Reporter-Herald. Retrieved July 6, 2014.
  8. ^ Wohl, Ellen (2014). Rivers in the Landscape: Science and Management. Wiley. p. 217. ISBN 9781118414903.
  9. ^ "Baker Gulch to the Grand Ditch: Stealing Water from the West". Walking Into Colorado's Past: 50 Front Range History Hikes. Big Earth. 2006. pp. 37–40. ISBN 9781565795198.
[edit]
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