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{{Short description|South African politician (1937–2023)}}
⚫
{{Infobox Minister
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
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{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Adriaan Vlok
|name = Adriaan Vlok
|honorific-suffix =
|honorific-suffix =
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|term_start2 = December 1986
|term_start2 = December 1986
|term_end2 = July 1991
|term_end2 = July 1991
|president2 = [[P. W. Botha|Pieter Willem Botha]]<br>[[F. W. de Klerk|Frederik Willem de Klerk]]
|president2 = [[P. W. Botha|Pieter Willem Botha]]<br />[[F. W. de Klerk|Frederik Willem de Klerk]]
|predecessor2 = [[Louis le Grange]]<ref>http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/cabinet-reshuffle-louis-le-grange-minister-law-and-order-replaced-adriaan-vlok-deputy-mi</ref>
|predecessor2 = [[Louis le Grange]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/cabinet-reshuffle-louis-le-grange-minister-law-and-order-replaced-adriaan-vlok-deputy-mi |title=In a cabinet reshuffle, Louis le Grange, Minister of Law and Order, is replaced by Adriaan Vlok, Deputy Minister of Defence and &#124; South African History Online |access-date=29 January 2013 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304223206/http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/cabinet-reshuffle-louis-le-grange-minister-law-and-order-replaced-adriaan-vlok-deputy-mi |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|successor2 = [[Hernus Kriel]]
|successor2 = [[Hernus Kriel]]
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1937|12|11|df=yes}}
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1937|12|11|df=yes}}
|birth_place = [[Sutherland, Northern Cape]]
|birth_place = [[Sutherland, Northern Cape|Sutherland]], [[Cape Province]], [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]]
|death_date =
|death_date = {{Death date and age|2023|1|8|1937|12|11|df=yes}}
|death_place =
|death_place = [[South Africa]]
|nationality = [[South Africa]]n
| party = [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]]
|alma_mater = [[University of Pretoria]]
|alma_mater = [[University of Pretoria]]

}}
}}

<!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[Image:adriaan_vlok.jpg|right|thumb|275px|Adriaan Vlok]] -->
'''Adriaan Johannes Vlok''' (born 11 December 1937 in [[Sutherland, Northern Cape]])<ref>[http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/anctoday/2006/text/at35.txt ANC Today] 8–14 September 2006</ref> was Minister of [[Law and order (politics)|Law and Order]] in [[South Africa]] from 1986 to 1991 in the final years of the [[History of South Africa in the Apartheid era|apartheid era]]. Facing increasingly intense opposition and political unrest in this period, the South African government &ndash; through the [[State Security Council]] of which Vlok was a member &ndash; planned and implemented drastic repressive measures, including hit squads, carrying out bombings and assassination of anti-apartheid activists.<ref>[http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/vlok-aj.htm Adriaan Johannes Vlok], South African History Online, accessed 3 December 2007</ref>
'''Adriaan Johannes Vlok''' (11 December 1937 – 8 January 2023) was a South African politician. He was Minister of [[Law and order (politics)|Law and Order]] in South Africa from 1986 to 1991 in the final years of the [[History of South Africa in the Apartheid era|apartheid era]]. Facing increasingly intense opposition and political unrest in this period, the South African government &ndash; through the [[State Security Council]] of which Vlok was a member &ndash; planned and implemented drastic repressive measures, including hit squads, carrying out bombings and assassination of anti-apartheid activists.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071112171231/http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/vlok-aj.htm Adriaan Johannes Vlok], South African History Online, accessed 3 December 2007</ref>


==Early life==
==Early life==

Vlok was born in the Northern Cape town of [[Sutherland]] in the then [[Cape Province]] on the 11 December 1937 to Nicolaas Vlok and Bett Oliver where he grew up on a rural [[small holding]] along the [[Orange River]]. He attended Neilerdrift Primary School and matriculated from Keimoes High School in 1956 located in [[Keimoes]]. He obtained Dip Proc from the [[University of Pretoria]] in 1962.<ref>http://www.whoswhosa.co.za/adriaan-vlok-5623 Adriaan Vlok Retrieved June 25, 2011</ref>
Adriaan Vlok was born in the [[Northern Cape]] town of [[Sutherland, Northern Cape|Sutherland]] in what was the then [[Cape Province]] on 11 December 1937 to Nicolaas Vlok and Bett Oliver where he grew up on a rural [[small holding]] along the [[Orange River]].<ref>[http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/anctoday/2006/text/at35.txt ANC Today] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080124022757/http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/anctoday/2006/text/at35.txt |date=January 24, 2008 }} 8–14 September 2006</ref> He attended [[Neilerdrift Primary School]] and [[matriculated]] from [[Keimoes High School]] in 1956 located in [[Keimoes]]. He obtained a Dip. Proc. from the [[University of Pretoria]] in 1962.<ref>http://www.whoswhosa.co.za/adriaan-vlok-5623 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325054401/http://www.whoswhosa.co.za/adriaan-vlok-5623 |date=2012-03-25 }} Adriaan Vlok Retrieved June 25, 2011</ref>


==Career==
==Career==
⚫
Vlok started his career working in the magistrates office for the Department of Justice in Keimoes and [[Upington]] joining the [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]] in 1959. From 1959 to 1966 Vlok served in Pretoria as the under-sectary for the Department of Justice whilst studying for an Attorney's Diploma at the University of Pretoria. He was then made assistant private secretary to South African Prime Minister [[B. J. Vorster]].<ref name="SAhistory">{{cite web | url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/adriaan-vlok-0 | title=Adriaan Vlok | publisher=South African History Online | accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref>


⚫
Vlok started his career working in the magistrates office for the Department of Justice in Keimoes and [[Upington]] joining the [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]] in 1959. From 1959 to 1966, Vlok served in Pretoria as the under-secretary for the Department of Justice whilst studying for an Attorney's Diploma at the University of Pretoria. He was then made assistant private secretary to South African Prime Minister [[B. J. Vorster]].<ref name="SAhistory">{{cite web | url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/adriaan-vlok-0 | title=Adriaan Vlok | publisher=South African History Online | accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref>
⚫
He resigned from the Department of Justice with an aim to entering politics in 1970 running a court messaging service. In 1972 he was elected to the [[Verwoerdburg]] (now known as Centurion) City Council and was elected to represent the area in the national Parliament in 1974. In September 1984 Volk was appointed Deputy Minister of Defense and was then made Deputy Minister of Law and Order a few months later in early 1985. During his time Deputy Minister of Law and Order his ministry was responsible for the supression and detention of around 30,000 people. In 1988 as minister of Law and Order he oversaw the restriction of 17 [[anti-apartheid]] organisations.<ref name="SAhistory" />

⚫
He resigned from the Department of Justice with the aim of entering politics in 1970, running a court messaging service. In 1972, he was elected to the [[Verwoerdburg]] (now known as Centurion) City Council and was elected to represent the area in the national Parliament in 1974. In September 1984, he was appointed Deputy Minister of Defence and was then made Deputy Minister of Law and Order a few months later in early 1985. During his time as Deputy Minister of Law and Order his ministry was responsible for the suppression and detention of around 30,000 people. In 1988 as minister of Law and Order he oversaw the restriction of 17 [[Internal resistance to apartheid|anti-apartheid]] organisations.<ref name="SAhistory" />


Vlok's position as minister became especially controversial after 1990 during the negotiations to end apartheid, with the [[African National Congress]] insisting on his dismissal. President [[FW de Klerk]] responded by moving him to a less controversial post as Minister of [[South African Ministry of Correctional Services|Correctional Services]] in July 1991. In 1993&ndash;1994 he was the last chairman of the minister's council of the [[Tricameral Parliament|House of Assembly]], the white chamber of parliament.
Vlok's position as minister became especially controversial after 1990 during the negotiations to end apartheid, with the [[African National Congress]] insisting on his dismissal. President [[FW de Klerk]] responded by moving him to a less controversial post as Minister of [[South African Ministry of Correctional Services|Correctional Services]] in July 1991. In 1993&ndash;1994 he was the last chairman of the minister's council of the [[Tricameral Parliament|House of Assembly]], the white chamber of parliament.


==TRC amnesty==
==TRC amnesty==
⚫
In 1999, Vlok was granted amnesty by the [[Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)|Truth and Reconciliation Commission]] (TRC) &ndash; the sole cabinet minister to have admitted committing crimes, including the bombing of the headquarters of the [[South African Council of Churches]] at Khotso House, and the [[COSATU]] trade union headquarters.<ref>[http://www.doj.gov.za/trc/decisions/1999/ac990349.htm Amnesty Decision AC/99/0349], Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 1999, accessed 3 November 2006</ref><ref>[http://www.doj.gov.za/trc/decisions/1999/ac990242.htm Amnesty Decision - Khotso House incident AC/99/0242], Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 1999, accessed 2 November 2006</ref>


⚫
In 1999, Vlok was granted amnesty by the [[Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)|Truth and Reconciliation Commission]] (TRC) &ndash; the sole cabinet minister to have admitted committing crimes, including the bombing of the headquarters of the [[South African Council of Churches]] at Khotso House, and the [[COSATU]] trade union headquarters.<ref>[http://www.doj.gov.za/trc/decisions/1999/ac990349.htm Amnesty Decision AC/99/0349], Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 1999, accessed 3 November 2006</ref><ref>[http://www.doj.gov.za/trc/decisions/1999/ac990242.htm Amnesty Decision - Khotso House incident AC/99/0242] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041230155630/http://www.doj.gov.za/trc/decisions/1999/ac990242.htm |date=December 30, 2004 }}, Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 1999, accessed 2 November 2006</ref>
⚫
== Conviction and apologies ==
⚫
In mid-2006, Vlok came forward with public apologies for a number of acts that he had not disclosed to the TRC, and for which he could therefore be prosecuted. In a dramatic gesture, he [[feet washing|washed the feet]] of [[Frank Chikane]] who, as secretary-general of the South African Council of Churches, had been targeted by Vlok for assassination.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/5292302.stm Feet washed in apartheid apology], BBC News, 28 August 2006, accessed 3 November 2006</ref> Subsequently, he washed the feet of the ten widows and mothers of the "[[Mamelodi 10]]", a group of anti-apartheid activists who had been lured to their death by a [[police informant]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sagoodnews.co.za/newsletter_archive/many_feet_to_wash.html|title=Many feet to wash|publisher=South Africa - The Good News|date=2006-09-08}}</ref> Volk said he had become a [[born again Christian]] prior to his public apologies for his actions as Minister of Law and Order and blames this for his change of heart on his role in apartheid and his need to seek forgiveness. On 17 August 2007, the [[High Court of South Africa|High Court]] in Pretoria handed Vlok a [[Suspended sentence|suspended]] ten-year sentence for his role in the 1989 plot to kill [[Frank Chikane]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6950553.stm Apartheid murder plotters guilty], BBC News, 17 August 2007, accessed 18 August 2007</ref>


⚫
==Conviction and apologies==
⚫
In 2014 he publicly called for more apartheid era perpetrators to come forward and apologise for their actions.<ref name="Volkapologise">{{cite web | url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/apartheid-perpetrators-must-apologise-vlok-1.1679979#.VfF5hNKqqko | title=Apartheid perpetrators must apologise - Vlok | publisher=[[Cape Times]] | date=24 April 2014 | accessdate=10 September 2015 | author=Leila Samodien}}</ref> As of 2015 he started and runs child feeding charity named the Feed a Child initiative.<ref name="VolkStill">{{cite web | url=http://www.iol.co.za/sundayindependent/why-vlok-is-still-apologising-1.1911387#.VfF5cNKqqko | title=Why Vlok is still apologising | publisher=The Sunday Independent | date=6 September 2015 | accessdate=10 September 2015 | author=Johnny Masilela}}</ref>

⚫
In mid-2006, Vlok came forward with public apologies for a number of acts that he had not disclosed to the TRC, and for which he could therefore be prosecuted. In a dramatic gesture, he [[feet washing|washed the feet]] of [[Frank Chikane]] who, as secretary-general of the South African Council of Churches, had been targeted by Vlok for assassination.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/5292302.stm Feet washed in apartheid apology], BBC News, 28 August 2006, accessed 3 November 2006</ref> Subsequently, he washed the feet of the ten widows and mothers of the "[[Mamelodi 10]]", a group of anti-apartheid activists who had been lured to their death by a [[police informant]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sagoodnews.co.za/newsletter_archive/many_feet_to_wash.html|title=Many feet to wash|publisher=South Africa - The Good News|date=2006-09-08|access-date=2007-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229030240/http://www.sagoodnews.co.za/newsletter_archive/many_feet_to_wash.html|archive-date=2012-02-29|url-status=dead}}</ref> He said he had become a [[born again Christian]] prior to his public apologies for his actions as Minister of Law and Order and cites this as the cause of his change of heart about his role in apartheid and his need to seek forgiveness. On 17 August 2007, the [[High Court of South Africa|High Court]] in Pretoria handed him a [[Suspended sentence|suspended]] ten-year sentence for his role in the 1989 plot to kill [[Frank Chikane]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6950553.stm Apartheid murder plotters guilty], BBC News, 17 August 2007, accessed 18 August 2007</ref>

⚫
In 2014, he publicly called for more apartheid era perpetrators to come forward and apologise for their actions.<ref name="Volkapologise">{{cite web | url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/apartheid-perpetrators-must-apologise-vlok-1.1679979#.VfF5hNKqqko | title=Apartheid perpetrators must apologise - Vlok | publisher=[[Cape Times]] | date=24 April 2014 | accessdate=10 September 2015 | author=Leila Samodien}}</ref>

As of 2015, he started and ran a child feeding charity named the [[Feed a Child initiative]].<ref name="VolkStill">{{cite web | url=http://www.iol.co.za/sundayindependent/why-vlok-is-still-apologising-1.1911387#.VfF5cNKqqko | title=Why Vlok is still apologising | publisher=The Sunday Independent | date=6 September 2015 | accessdate=10 September 2015 | author=Johnny Masilela}}</ref>

==Personal life and death==

Vlok died on 8 January 2023, at the age of 85.<ref>{{cite news |title=Former apartheid law and order minister Adriaan Vlok dies at 85 |url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/former-minister-of-law-and-order-adriaan-johannes-vlok-dies-at-85/ |access-date=8 January 2023 |publisher=SABC News |date=8 January 2023}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME =Vlok, Adriaan
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = South African politician
| DATE OF BIRTH =11 December 1937
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Sutherland, Northern Cape|Sutherland]], [[Cape Province]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vlok, Adriaan}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vlok, Adriaan}}
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Namakwa District Municipality]]
[[Category:People from Karoo Hoogland Local Municipality]]
[[Category:Afrikaner people]]
[[Category:Afrikaner people]]
[[Category:White South African people]]
[[Category:South African people of Dutch descent]]
[[Category:South African people of Dutch descent]]
[[Category:National Party (South Africa) politicians]]
[[Category:National Party (South Africa) politicians]]
[[Category:Government ministers of South Africa]]
[[Category:Government ministers of South Africa]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Assembly of South Africa]]
[[Category:Justice ministers of South Africa]]
[[Category:Correctional Services ministers of South Africa]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Assembly (South Africa)]]
[[Category:Apartheid government]]
[[Category:Apartheid government]]
[[Category:Law enforcement in South Africa]]
[[Category:Law enforcement in South Africa]]

Latest revision as of 21:57, 8 January 2023

Adriaan Vlok
Minister of Correctional Services
In office
July 1991 – 1994
PresidentFrederik Willem de Klerk
Minister of Law and Order
In office
December 1986 – July 1991
PresidentPieter Willem Botha
Frederik Willem de Klerk
Preceded byLouis le Grange[1]
Succeeded byHernus Kriel
Personal details
Born(1937-12-11)11 December 1937
Sutherland, Cape Province, South Africa
Died8 January 2023(2023-01-08) (aged 85)
South Africa
Political partyNational Party
Alma materUniversity of Pretoria

Adriaan Johannes Vlok (11 December 1937 – 8 January 2023) was a South African politician. He was Minister of Law and Order in South Africa from 1986 to 1991 in the final years of the apartheid era. Facing increasingly intense opposition and political unrest in this period, the South African government – through the State Security Council of which Vlok was a member – planned and implemented drastic repressive measures, including hit squads, carrying out bombings and assassination of anti-apartheid activists.[2]

Early life

[edit]

Adriaan Vlok was born in the Northern Cape town of Sutherland in what was the then Cape Province on 11 December 1937 to Nicolaas Vlok and Bett Oliver where he grew up on a rural small holding along the Orange River.[3] He attended Neilerdrift Primary School and matriculated from Keimoes High School in 1956 located in Keimoes. He obtained a Dip. Proc. from the University of Pretoria in 1962.[4]

Career

[edit]

Vlok started his career working in the magistrates office for the Department of Justice in Keimoes and Upington joining the National Party in 1959. From 1959 to 1966, Vlok served in Pretoria as the under-secretary for the Department of Justice whilst studying for an Attorney's Diploma at the University of Pretoria. He was then made assistant private secretary to South African Prime Minister B. J. Vorster.[5]

He resigned from the Department of Justice with the aim of entering politics in 1970, running a court messaging service. In 1972, he was elected to the Verwoerdburg (now known as Centurion) City Council and was elected to represent the area in the national Parliament in 1974. In September 1984, he was appointed Deputy Minister of Defence and was then made Deputy Minister of Law and Order a few months later in early 1985. During his time as Deputy Minister of Law and Order his ministry was responsible for the suppression and detention of around 30,000 people. In 1988 as minister of Law and Order he oversaw the restriction of 17 anti-apartheid organisations.[5]

Vlok's position as minister became especially controversial after 1990 during the negotiations to end apartheid, with the African National Congress insisting on his dismissal. President FW de Klerk responded by moving him to a less controversial post as Minister of Correctional Services in July 1991. In 1993–1994 he was the last chairman of the minister's council of the House of Assembly, the white chamber of parliament.

TRC amnesty

[edit]

In 1999, Vlok was granted amnesty by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) – the sole cabinet minister to have admitted committing crimes, including the bombing of the headquarters of the South African Council of Churches at Khotso House, and the COSATU trade union headquarters.[6][7]

Conviction and apologies

[edit]

In mid-2006, Vlok came forward with public apologies for a number of acts that he had not disclosed to the TRC, and for which he could therefore be prosecuted. In a dramatic gesture, he washed the feet of Frank Chikane who, as secretary-general of the South African Council of Churches, had been targeted by Vlok for assassination.[8] Subsequently, he washed the feet of the ten widows and mothers of the "Mamelodi 10", a group of anti-apartheid activists who had been lured to their death by a police informant.[9] He said he had become a born again Christian prior to his public apologies for his actions as Minister of Law and Order and cites this as the cause of his change of heart about his role in apartheid and his need to seek forgiveness. On 17 August 2007, the High Court in Pretoria handed him a suspended ten-year sentence for his role in the 1989 plot to kill Frank Chikane.[10]

In 2014, he publicly called for more apartheid era perpetrators to come forward and apologise for their actions.[11]

As of 2015, he started and ran a child feeding charity named the Feed a Child initiative.[12]

Personal life and death

[edit]

Vlok died on 8 January 2023, at the age of 85.[13]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "In a cabinet reshuffle, Louis le Grange, Minister of Law and Order, is replaced by Adriaan Vlok, Deputy Minister of Defence and | South African History Online". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2013.
  2. ^ Adriaan Johannes Vlok, South African History Online, accessed 3 December 2007
  3. ^ ANC Today Archived January 24, 2008, at the Wayback Machine 8–14 September 2006
  4. ^ http://www.whoswhosa.co.za/adriaan-vlok-5623 Archived 2012-03-25 at the Wayback Machine Adriaan Vlok Retrieved June 25, 2011
  5. ^ a b "Adriaan Vlok". South African History Online. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
  6. ^ Amnesty Decision AC/99/0349, Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 1999, accessed 3 November 2006
  7. ^ Amnesty Decision - Khotso House incident AC/99/0242 Archived December 30, 2004, at the Wayback Machine, Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 1999, accessed 2 November 2006
  8. ^ Feet washed in apartheid apology, BBC News, 28 August 2006, accessed 3 November 2006
  9. ^ "Many feet to wash". South Africa - The Good News. 8 September 2006. Archived from the original on 29 February 2012. Retrieved 10 December 2007.
  10. ^ Apartheid murder plotters guilty, BBC News, 17 August 2007, accessed 18 August 2007
  11. ^ Leila Samodien (24 April 2014). "Apartheid perpetrators must apologise - Vlok". Cape Times. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
  12. ^ Johnny Masilela (6 September 2015). "Why Vlok is still apologising". The Sunday Independent. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
  13. ^ "Former apartheid law and order minister Adriaan Vlok dies at 85". SABC News. 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
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