Grey-green fruit dove: Difference between revisions
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| status = LC |
| status = LC |
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| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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| status_ref = <ref>{{cite iucn| |
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Ptilinopus purpuratus'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T60759996A95162340 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T60759996A95162340.en |access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref> |
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| genus = Ptilinopus |
| genus = Ptilinopus |
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| species = purpuratus |
| species = purpuratus |
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| authority = ([[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin]], 1789) |
| authority = ([[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin, JF]], 1789) |
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| synonyms = |
| synonyms = |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''grey-green fruit dove''' (''Ptilinopus purpuratus'') is a species of [[bird]] in the family [[Columbidae]]. It is [[endemic]] to the [[Society Islands]] in [[French Polynesia]]. Its natural [[habitat]] is subtropical or tropical moist lowland [[forest]]s. |
The '''grey-green fruit dove''' ('''''Ptilinopus purpuratus''''') is a species of [[bird]] in the family [[Columbidae]]. It is [[endemic]] to the [[Society Islands]] in [[French Polynesia]]. Its natural [[habitat]] is subtropical or tropical moist lowland [[forest]]s. |
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==Taxonomy== |
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The grey-green fruit dove was [[Species description|formally described]] in 1789 by the German naturalist [[Johann Friedrich Gmelin]] in his revised and expanded edition of [[Carl Linnaeus]]'s ''[[Systema Naturae]]''. He placed it with all the other doves and pigeons in the [[genus]] ''[[Columba]]'' and coined the [[binomial nomenclature|binomial name]] ''Columba purpurata''.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Gmelin | first=Johann Friedrich | author-link=Johann Friedrich Gmelin| year=1789 | title=Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | edition=13th | volume=1, Part 2 | language=Latin | location=Lipsiae [Leipzig] | publisher=Georg. Emanuel. Beer | page=784 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2656279 }}</ref> Gmelin's description was based on the "purple-crowned pigeon" from Otaheite (now [[Tahiti]]) that had been described in 1783 by English ornithologist [[John Latham (ornithologist)|John Latham]] in his ''A General Synopsis of Birds''.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Latham | first=John | author-link=John Latham (ornithologist) | year=1783 | title=A General Synopsis of Birds | volume=2, Part 2 | publisher=Printed for Leigh and Sotheby | location=London | page=626 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33730712 }}</ref> The grey-green fruit dove is now placed with nearly 60 other fruit doves in the genus ''[[Ptilinopus]]'' that was introduced in 1825 by the English naturalist [[William John Swainson]].<ref>{{ cite journal | last=Swainson | first=William John | author-link=William John Swainson | year=1825 | title=On the characters and natural affinities of several new birds from Australasia; including some observations on the Columbidae | journal=Zoological Journal | volume=1 | pages=463–484 [473–474] | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27571200 }}</ref><ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=January 2022 | title=Pigeons | work=IOC World Bird List Version 12.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/pigeons/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=22 August 2022 }}</ref> The genus name combines the [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc-Latn|ptilon}} meaning "feather" with {{lang|grc-Latn|pous}} meaning "foot". The specific epithet ''purpuratus'' is from [[Latin]] and means "clad in purple".<ref>{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=[https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n322/mode/1up 322], [https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n325/mode/1up 325]}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | The grey-green fruit dove is endemic to the French Polynesian islands of [[Tahiti]] and [[Mo'orea]]. There is an estimated population of 2,500 to 10,000 mature individual birds on the two islands, of which 5,000 - 6,000 live on Mo'orea, at an estimated density of 2-3 birds per [[hectare]].<ref name=birdlife>{{cite web|url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/factsheet/60759996|title=BirdLife Factsheet - Grey-green Fruit-dove (Ptilinopus purpuratus)|publisher=BirdLife International}}</ref> |
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Two [[subspecies]] are recognised:<ref name=ioc/> |
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There are three subspecies:<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2019 | title=Pigeons | work=World Bird List Version 9.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/pigeons | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=30 April 2019 }}</ref> |
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* ''P. p. |
* ''P. p. frater'' [[Sidney Dillon Ripley|Ripley]] & Birckhead, 1942 – [[Moorea]] (island 17 km north west of Tahiti) |
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* ''P. p. |
* ''P. p. purpuratus'' (Gmelin, JF, 1789) – [[Tahiti]] (east [[Society Islands]], east [[Polynesia]]) |
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* ''P. p. purpuratus'' (Gmelin, JF, 1789) – [[Tahiti]] (e Society Is.) |
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The [[Raiatea fruit-dove]] (''P. chrysogaster'') of [[Raiatea]] was formerly considered conspecific, but was split as a distinct species by the [[International Ornithologists' Union|IOC]] in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Species Updates – IOC World Bird List|url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/updates/species-updates/|access-date=2021-06-13}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | The grey-green fruit dove is endemic to the French Polynesian islands of [[Tahiti]] and [[Mo'orea]]. There is an estimated population of 2,500 to 10,000 mature individual birds on the two islands, of which 5,000 - 6,000 live on Mo'orea, at an estimated density of 2-3 birds per [[hectare]].<ref name=birdlife>{{cite web|url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/factsheet/60759996|title=BirdLife Factsheet - Grey-green Fruit-dove (Ptilinopus purpuratus)|publisher=BirdLife International}}</ref> |
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==Description== |
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The grey-green fruit dove is around {{cvt|20|cm}} in overall length and weighs {{cvt|95|g}}. It is small and plump and has a short tail. The upperparts are olive green, the crown and forehead are light purple. The neck and chest are gray and the belly is pale yellow. There is a light gray band around the tail. The beak is yellowish or greenish yellow with an orange [[Beak#Cere|cere]]. The sexes are similar but the female has a greenish tinge to the grey of the head and neck. The juvenile lacks the light purple crown and is duller.<ref name=hbw>{{ cite book | last1=Baptista | first1=L.F. | last2=Trail | first2=P.W. | last3=Horblit | first3=H.M. | year=1997 | chapter=Grey-green fruit-dove | editor1-last=del Hoyo | editor1-first=J. | editor2-last=Elliott | editor2-first=A. | editor3-last=Sargatal | editor3-first=J. | title=Handbook of the Birds of the World | volume=4: Sandgrouse to Cuckoos | location=Barcelona, Spain | publisher=Lynx Edicions | isbn=978-84-87334-22-1 | page=215 | chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofbirdso0004unse/page/215/mode/1up | chapter-url-access=registration }}</ref> |
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==Behaviour and ecology== |
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== lifestyle == |
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===Food and feeding=== |
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Live on a tree. It is hard to notice because it stays still for a long time in the canopy layer. Eat fruit.<ref>{{Cite web|title=회녹색과일비둘기|url=https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?cid=40942&docId=2076274&categoryId=32604|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-28|website=두산백과|language=ko}}</ref> |
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Feeding is almost entire aboreal. This contrasts with the closely related [[atoll fruit dove]] (''Ptilinopus coralensis''). The diet consists various plants including chili peppers (''[[Capsicum]]''), guava (''[[Psidium]]'') and figs (''[[Ficus]]'').<ref name=hbw/> |
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===Breeding=== |
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== Place of residence == |
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The nest is a flimsy platform of sticks placed in a tree. A single white egg is laid.<ref name=hbw/> |
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It is a native bird that lives in forests.<ref>{{Cite web|title=회녹색과일비둘기|url=https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?cid=40942&docId=2076274&categoryId=32604|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-28|website=두산백과|language=ko}}</ref> |
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== Threats == |
== Threats == |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q1261074}} |
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1261074}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:dove, fruit, grey-green}} |
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[[Category:Ptilinopus|grey-green fruit dove]] |
[[Category:Ptilinopus|grey-green fruit dove]] |
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[[Category:Birds of the Society Islands]] |
[[Category:Birds of the Society Islands]] |
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Latest revision as of 12:43, 10 November 2022
| Grey-green fruit dove | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Columbiformes |
| Family: | Columbidae |
| Genus: | Ptilinopus |
| Species: | P. purpuratus
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| Binomial name | |
| Ptilinopus purpuratus (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
| |
The grey-green fruit dove (Ptilinopus purpuratus) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to the Society Islands in French Polynesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
Taxonomy
[edit]The grey-green fruit dove was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with all the other doves and pigeons in the genus Columba and coined the binomial name Columba purpurata.[2] Gmelin's description was based on the "purple-crowned pigeon" from Otaheite (now Tahiti) that had been described in 1783 by English ornithologist John Latham in his A General Synopsis of Birds.[3] The grey-green fruit dove is now placed with nearly 60 other fruit doves in the genus Ptilinopus that was introduced in 1825 by the English naturalist William John Swainson.[4][5] The genus name combines the Ancient Greek ptilon meaning "feather" with pous meaning "foot". The specific epithet purpuratus is from Latin and means "clad in purple".[6]
Two subspecies are recognised:[5]
- P. p. frater Ripley & Birckhead, 1942 – Moorea (island 17 km north west of Tahiti)
- P. p. purpuratus (Gmelin, JF, 1789) – Tahiti (east Society Islands, east Polynesia)
The Raiatea fruit-dove (P. chrysogaster) of Raiatea was formerly considered conspecific, but was split as a distinct species by the IOC in 2021.[7]
Distribution
[edit]The grey-green fruit dove is endemic to the French Polynesian islands of Tahiti and Mo'orea. There is an estimated population of 2,500 to 10,000 mature individual birds on the two islands, of which 5,000 - 6,000 live on Mo'orea, at an estimated density of 2-3 birds per hectare.[8]
Description
[edit]The grey-green fruit dove is around 20 cm (7.9 in) in overall length and weighs 95 g (3.4 oz). It is small and plump and has a short tail. The upperparts are olive green, the crown and forehead are light purple. The neck and chest are gray and the belly is pale yellow. There is a light gray band around the tail. The beak is yellowish or greenish yellow with an orange cere. The sexes are similar but the female has a greenish tinge to the grey of the head and neck. The juvenile lacks the light purple crown and is duller.[9]
Behaviour and ecology
[edit]Food and feeding
[edit]Feeding is almost entire aboreal. This contrasts with the closely related atoll fruit dove (Ptilinopus coralensis). The diet consists various plants including chili peppers (Capsicum), guava (Psidium) and figs (Ficus).[9]
Breeding
[edit]The nest is a flimsy platform of sticks placed in a tree. A single white egg is laid.[9]
Threats
[edit]In 1907, the grey-green fruit dove was reportedly very abundant on the two islands. However the population has declined since then. There is an ongoing slow population decline due to habitat destruction, the introduction of non-native plants, predation by invasive species such as the swamp harrier and feral cats, and competition by invasive red-vented bulbul and common myna.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Ptilinopus purpuratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T60759996A95162340. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T60759996A95162340.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
- ^ Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1789). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 2 (13th ed.). Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 784.
- ^ Latham, John (1783). A General Synopsis of Birds. Vol. 2, Part 2. London: Printed for Leigh and Sotheby. p. 626.
- ^ Swainson, William John (1825). "On the characters and natural affinities of several new birds from Australasia; including some observations on the Columbidae". Zoological Journal. 1: 463–484 [473–474].
- ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2022). "Pigeons". IOC World Bird List Version 12.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
- ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 322, 325. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ "Species Updates – IOC World Bird List". Retrieved 2021-06-13.
- ^ a b "BirdLife Factsheet - Grey-green Fruit-dove (Ptilinopus purpuratus)". BirdLife International.
- ^ a b c Baptista, L.F.; Trail, P.W.; Horblit, H.M. (1997). "Grey-green fruit-dove". In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 4: Sandgrouse to Cuckoos. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. p. 215. ISBN 978-84-87334-22-1.
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