Manibhai Desai: Difference between revisions

Manibhai Desai
Manibhai Desai
	Desai in 1990 at Uruli Kanchan
Born	27 April 1920; Kosmada, Surat District, Bombay presidency (now in State of Gujarat)
Died	14 November 1993 (aged 73); Pune, India
Occupation	Social activist
Awards	Padma Shri; Ramon Magsaysay Award

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Manibhai Bhimbhai Desai (27 April 1920 – 14 November 1993) was an Indian social activist, associate of Mahatma Gandhi, and a pioneer of rural development.

Early life

Manibhai Desai was born to Ramiben and Bhimbhai Desai, on April 27, 1920, in the village of Kosmada, Surat District, Bombay presidency (now in State of Gujarat), British India. His father, Bhimbhai, was a well-to-do farmer and respected leader among the farmers of the 10 or 15 villages in the area. The couple had five boys and one daughter. When Bhimbhai died in 1927, the eldest son took charge of the ancestral farm while the next two sons pursued careers in the textile industry, one becoming a gold medal spinner and the other an expert weaver and the general manager of one of India's largest textile units. At the time of his father's death Manibhai was in first grade at the elementary school in his native village. For the five years he attended that school (1927-1931) he ranked first in his class; he was also good in sports and a leader in the Boy Scouts. India in these years was being shaken by Mahatma Gandhi's civil disobedience against British rule. Desai credited an incident that happened when he was ten that influenced his future life. A young man from the village, Narottambhai Patel, joined Gandhi on his march from Ahmadabad to Dandi where the demonstrators raided the salt stocks as a protest against the imposition of a salt tax. It was Patel's duty on his return to the village, to see that a pinch of salt, which had become a symbol of the struggle for independence, was distributed to each household. He chose young Manibhai to carry out the task. Deeply moved by the sight of villagers bowing down as they ate the salt, Manibhai felt at age 10 the call of Mahatma Gandhi. Later Manibhai attended high school in Surat. Since his family wanted him to pursue a career in Engineering, young Manibhai selected Physics and Mathematics for his undergraduate studies. However, in his final year of Manibhai's study, Gandhi started the Quit India movement against the British rule that Manibhai joined.^[1]^[2]

Career

After graduation Manibhai joined Mahatma Gandhi in the independence struggle. Mahatma Gandhi stayed in the village of Uruli Kanchan near the city of Pune in 1946. At that time Gandhi had lost trust in western medicine and wanted to explore Nature therapy. For this purpose he nominated Manibhai as the manager of the newly established Nature therapy Ashram at Urali. The young Manibhai gave a pledge to Mahatma Gandhi to devote his life to uplifting of Uruli.^[3] His first major activity there was to manage the Nature cure Ashram which continues to this day and is well known throughout India. The Nature cure therapy at the ashram followed guidelines issued by Gandhiji. They included regulation of diet, fast, sun-bath, fomentations, steam-bath, mud- bandage, massage and non-injurious indigenous herbs.^[4] Manibhai followed this by opening a high school in Uruli.^[5] Although Gandhian principles were central to Manibhai's work, he believed the rural poor can benefit from scientific advances^[6] During his work at the Nature cure ashram, Manibhai self-taught himself aspects of horticulture and cattle breeding. To take this to next stage, he founded the NGO Bharatiya Agro-Industries Foundation (BAIF) in 1967.^[7] BAIF has been a pioneer in cross breeding of high yielding European cattle such as Holstein Freisian and Jersey with the sturdy Indian breeds such as Gir from Gujarat.^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12] During this period Manibhai visited numerous countries around the world such as Denmark, Great Britain, United States, Canada and Israel to learn about cattle breeding, farming techniques and to raise funds. Indian politicians at the highest level used to visit Urali to see for themselves the cow breeding activities. Later Manibhai expanded the scope of activities for BAIF to include animal health, nutrition, afforestation^[13] wasteland development, and tribal development.^[14]

Although Manibhai did not pursue high political office, he served as the Sarpanch Council chjief) of Uruli Kanchan Gram panchayat (village council) for many years. He also served on the board of Yeshwant sahakari sakhar karkhana (Yeshwant cooperative sugar mill) at nearby village of Theur for many years.^[15]

Awards and honours

In 1968, the Indian government honoured Manibhai with the Padmashree award. In 1982, Manibhai accepted the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Public Service.^[16] In 1983, he received the Jamnalal Bajaj Award for Gandhian values, community values and social development.^[17]^[18]

Death and legacy

Manibhai died on 14 November 1993 at Pune.^[19] The institutes he established have continued and prospered.

BAIF with Canadian funding set up a new headquarters and a management training center in 1996 at Warje in the outskirts of Pune. The center has been named Dr. Manibhai Desai Nagar.^[20]

"ManiBhai is a revered figure for people in Village of Dulba, District Patiala, Punjab.His birthday every year is marked by celebrations and by paying respect and thanking him for his work in rural areas.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Biography at Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation
^ Meera Johri (2010). Greatness of Spirit: Profiles of Indian Magsaysay Award Winners. Rajpal & Sons. pp. 94–97. ISBN 978-81-7028-858-9.
^ "Biography at Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation". Archived from the original on 12 March 2007. Retrieved 15 September 2006.
^ Gandhi M. Nature cure. Kumarappa B, editor. Navajivan Publishing House; 1954.[1]
^ "Biography at Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation". Archived from the original on 12 March 2007. Retrieved 15 September 2006.
^ Smillie, Ian; Hailey, John (2001). Managing for change : leadership, strategy and management in Asian NGOs. London [u.a.]: Earthscan. pp. 52, 138–139. ISBN 9781853837210.
^ Rangnekar, D.V., Pradhan, P.K. and Gahlot, O.P., 1993. Surveys and farming systems researches seen by a non-government organisation like BAIF and outside agencies. In Feeding of ruminants on fibrous crop residues. Proceedings of an international workshop held at the National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India, ICAR, New Delhi, India (pp. 98-108).[2]
^ Deore, P.A., Sidhaye, V.J., Rangnekar, D.V., Hegde, G.R. and Mangurkar, B.R., 1990. Manual on crossbred cows [3].
^ Bandyopadhyay ., A. (editor) (2005). Sustainable agriculture. New Delhi: Northern Book Centre. p. 27. ISBN 81-7211-184-3. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)
^ Bhosrekar, M.R., 1990. Semen production and artificial insemination. BAIF Development Research Foundation.[4]
^ Howard, Connie (2000). In Gandhi's Footsteps: The Manibhai Desai & BAIF Story. New Age International Ltd. p. 114. ISBN 81-224-1221-1.
^ "Biography at Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation". Archived from the original on 12 March 2007. Retrieved 15 September 2006.
^ Syed Noman Ahmad (1997). Rapid Rural Transformation Through Voluntary Action. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 43–83. ISBN 978-81-7533-052-8.
^ Ahmad, Syed Noman (1997). Rapid rural transformation through voluntary action. New Delhi: MD Publications. p. 43. ISBN 9788175330528.
^ Recipient of Jamnalal Bajaj Award for Application of Science and Technology for Rural Development-1983 [5]
^ Johri, Meera (2010). Greatness of spirit : profiles of Indian Magsaysay award winners. Delhi: Rajpal & Sons. pp. 94–98. ISBN 9788170288602.
^ "Jamnalal Bajaj Award". Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation. 2015. Retrieved 13 October 2015.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ Howard, Connie (2000). In Gandhi's footsteps : the Manibhai Desai & BAIF story. New Delhi: New Age International. pp. 12–50. ISBN 9788122412215.
^ Moole, Balkrishna Madhavrao (1997). "દેસાઈ, મણિભાઈ ભીમભાઈ". In Thaker, Dhirubhai (ed.). Gujarati Vishwakosh (in Gujarati). Vol. IX (First ed.). Ahmedabad: Gujarat Vishvakosh Trust. p. 432. OCLC 248969185.
^ Howard, Connie (2000). In Gandhi's Footsteps: The Manibhai Desai & BAIF Story. New Age International Ltd. pp. 137–138. ISBN 81-224-1221-1.

External links

[1] Biography at Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation

[Johri2010-2] Meera Johri (2010). Greatness of Spirit: Profiles of Indian Magsaysay Award Winners. Rajpal & Sons. pp. 94–97. ISBN 978-81-7028-858-9.

[3] "Biography at Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation". Archived from the original on 12 March 2007. Retrieved 15 September 2006.

[4] Gandhi M. Nature cure. Kumarappa B, editor. Navajivan Publishing House; 1954.[1]

[5] "Biography at Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation". Archived from the original on 12 March 2007. Retrieved 15 September 2006.

[6] Smillie, Ian; Hailey, John (2001). Managing for change : leadership, strategy and management in Asian NGOs. London [u.a.]: Earthscan. pp. 52, 138–139. ISBN 9781853837210.

[7] Rangnekar, D.V., Pradhan, P.K. and Gahlot, O.P., 1993. Surveys and farming systems researches seen by a non-government organisation like BAIF and outside agencies. In Feeding of ruminants on fibrous crop residues. Proceedings of an international workshop held at the National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India, ICAR, New Delhi, India (pp. 98-108).[2]

[8] Deore, P.A., Sidhaye, V.J., Rangnekar, D.V., Hegde, G.R. and Mangurkar, B.R., 1990. Manual on crossbred cows [3].

[9] Bandyopadhyay ., A. (editor) (2005). Sustainable agriculture. New Delhi: Northern Book Centre. p. 27. ISBN 81-7211-184-3. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)

[10] Bhosrekar, M.R., 1990. Semen production and artificial insemination. BAIF Development Research Foundation.[4]

[11] Howard, Connie (2000). In Gandhi's Footsteps: The Manibhai Desai & BAIF Story. New Age International Ltd. p. 114. ISBN 81-224-1221-1.

[12] "Biography at Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation". Archived from the original on 12 March 2007. Retrieved 15 September 2006.

[Ahmad1997-13] Syed Noman Ahmad (1997). Rapid Rural Transformation Through Voluntary Action. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 43–83. ISBN 978-81-7533-052-8.

[14] Ahmad, Syed Noman (1997). Rapid rural transformation through voluntary action. New Delhi: MD Publications. p. 43. ISBN 9788175330528.

[15] Recipient of Jamnalal Bajaj Award for Application of Science and Technology for Rural Development-1983 [5]

[biography-16] Johri, Meera (2010). Greatness of spirit : profiles of Indian Magsaysay award winners. Delhi: Rajpal & Sons. pp. 94–98. ISBN 9788170288602.

[Jamnalal_Bajaj_Award-17] "Jamnalal Bajaj Award". Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation. 2015. Retrieved 13 October 2015.^{[permanent dead link]}

[18] Howard, Connie (2000). In Gandhi's footsteps : the Manibhai Desai & BAIF story. New Delhi: New Age International. pp. 12–50. ISBN 9788122412215.

[Moole1997-19] Moole, Balkrishna Madhavrao (1997). "દેસાઈ, મણિભાઈ ભીમભાઈ". In Thaker, Dhirubhai (ed.). Gujarati Vishwakosh (in Gujarati). Vol. IX (First ed.). Ahmedabad: Gujarat Vishvakosh Trust. p. 432. OCLC 248969185.

[20] Howard, Connie (2000). In Gandhi's Footsteps: The Manibhai Desai & BAIF Story. New Age International Ltd. pp. 137–138. ISBN 81-224-1221-1.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|Indian social activist}}
 {{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
+{{Infobox person
-[[File:Dr. Manibhai Desai in December 1990 at Uruli Kanchan.png|thumb|right|Dr. Manibhai Desai in December 1990 at Uruli Kanchan]]
+| name          = Manibhai Desai
-'''Manibhai Bhimbhai Desai ''' (27 April 1920 – 14 November 1993) was an [[India]]n social activist, associate of [[Mahatma Gandhi]], and a pioneer of rural development. For his work on improving Milk production in India, he has been called "the father of white revolution".
+| image         = Dr. Manibhai Desai in December 1990 at Uruli Kanchan.png
+| alt           =
+| caption       = Desai in 1990 at Uruli Kanchan
+| birth_name    =
+| birth_date    = {{Birth date|df=yes|1920|4|27}}
+| birth_place   = Kosmada, [[Surat District]], [[Bombay presidency]] (now in State of [[Gujarat]])
+| death_date    = {{death date and age|df=y|1993|11|14|1920|4|27}}
+| death_place   = [[Pune]], India
+| other_names   =
+| occupation    = Social activist
+| years_active  =
+| known_for     =
+| notable_works =
+| awards = [[Padma Shri]]<br />[[Ramon Magsaysay Award]]
+}}
+'''Manibhai Bhimbhai Desai ''' (27 April 1920 – 14 November 1993) was an Indian social activist, associate of [[Mahatma Gandhi]], and a pioneer of [[rural development]].
 ==Early life==
-Manibhai Desai was born to Ramiben and Bhimbhai Desai, on April 27, 1920 in the village of Kosmada, [[Surat District]], [[Bombay presidency]] (now in State of [[Gujarat]]), [[British India]]. His father, Bhimbhai, was a well-to-do farmer and respected leader among the farmers of the 10 or 15 villages in the area. The couple had five boys and one daughter.
+Manibhai Desai was born to Ramiben and Bhimbhai Desai, on April 27, 1920, in the village of Kosmada, [[Surat District]], [[Bombay presidency]] (now in State of [[Gujarat]]), [[British India]]. His father, Bhimbhai, was a well-to-do farmer and respected leader among the farmers of the 10 or 15 villages in the area. The couple had five boys and one daughter.
 When Bhimbhai died in 1927, the eldest son took charge of the ancestral farm while the next two sons pursued careers in the textile industry, one becoming a gold medal spinner and the other an expert weaver and the general manager of one of India's largest textile units.
 At the time of his father's death Manibhai was in first grade at the elementary school in his native village. For the five years he attended that school (1927-1931) he ranked first in his class; he was also good in sports and a leader in the Boy Scouts. India in these years was being shaken by Mahatma Gandhi's civil disobedience against British rule. Desai credited an incident that happened when he was ten that influenced his future life. A young man from the village, Narottambhai Patel, joined Gandhi on his [[Salt march|march]] from Ahmadabad to Dandi where the demonstrators raided the salt stocks as a protest against the imposition of a salt tax. It was Patel's duty on his return to the village, to see that a pinch of salt, which had become a symbol of the struggle for independence, was distributed to each household. He chose young Manibhai to carry out the task. Deeply moved by the sight of villagers bowing down as they ate the salt, Manibhai felt at age 10 the call of Mahatma Gandhi. Later Manibhai attended high school in Surat. Since his family wanted him to pursue a career in Engineering, young Manibhai selected Physics and Mathematics for his undergraduate studies. However, in his final year of Manibhai's study, Gandhi started the [[Quit India]] movement against the British rule that Manibhai joined.<ref>[http://rmaward.asia/awardees/desai-manibhai-bhimbhai/ Biography at Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation]</ref><ref name="Johri2010">{{cite book|author=Meera Johri|title=Greatness of Spirit: Profiles of Indian Magsaysay Award Winners|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j1iegDJAYakC&pg=PA7|year=2010|publisher=Rajpal & Sons|isbn=978-81-7028-858-9|pages=94–97}}</ref>
 ==Career==
-After graduation Manibhai joined Mahatma Gandhi in the independence struggle. Mahatma Gandhi stayed in the village of [[Uruli Kanchan]] near the city of [[Pune]] in 1946. At that time Gandhi had lost trust in western medicine and wanted to explore Nature therapy. For this purpose he nominated Manibhai as the manager of the newly established Nature therapy Ashram at Urali. The young Manibhai gave a pledge to Mahatma Gandhi to devote his life to uplifting of Uruli.<ref>[http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Biography/BiographyDesaiMan.htm Biography at Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation]</ref> His first major activity there was to manage the Nature cure Ashram which continues to this day and is well known throughout India. The Nature cure therapy at the ashram followed guidelines issued by Gandhiji. They included regulation of diet, fast, sun-bath, fomentations, steam-bath, mud- bandage, massage and non-injurious indigenous herbs.<ref>Gandhi M. Nature cure. Kumarappa B, editor. Navajivan Publishing House; 1954.[http://gandhiashramsevagram.org/pdf-books/nature-cure.pdf]</ref> Manibhai followed this by opening a high school in Uruli.<ref>[http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Biography/BiographyDesaiMan.htm Biography at Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation]</ref> Although Gandhian principles were central to Manibhai's work, he believed the rural poor can benefit from scientific advances<ref>{{cite book|last1=Smillie|first1=Ian|last2=Hailey|first2=John|title=Managing for change : leadership, strategy and management in Asian NGOs|date=2001|publisher=Earthscan|location=London [u.a.]|isbn=9781853837210|pages=52,138–139|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=1AaUBp0UaKEC&oi=fnd&pg=PR6&dq=%22manibhai+desai%22+cows&ots=5rzP2q0EMD&sig=srk1Cz6Kl8a8raFYr63v6u4uGog#v=onepage&q=%22manibhai%20desai%22%20&f=false}}</ref> During his work at the Nature cure ashram, Manibhai self-taught himself aspects of horticulture and cattle breeding. To take this to next stage, he founded the NGO [[Bharatiya Agro-Industries Foundation]] (BAIF) in 1967.<ref>Rangnekar, D.V., Pradhan, P.K. and Gahlot, O.P., 1993. Surveys and farming systems researches seen by a non-government organisation like BAIF and outside agencies. In Feeding of ruminants on fibrous crop residues. Proceedings of an international workshop held at the National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India, ICAR, New Delhi, India (pp. 98-108).[http://edepot.wur.nl/333325#page=106]</ref> BAIF has been a pioneer in cross breeding of high yielding European cattle such as [[Holstein Friesian cattle|Holstein Freisian]] and
+After graduation Manibhai joined Mahatma Gandhi in the independence struggle. Mahatma Gandhi stayed in the village of [[Uruli Kanchan]] near the city of [[Pune]] in 1946. At that time Gandhi had lost trust in western medicine and wanted to explore Nature therapy. For this purpose he nominated Manibhai as the manager of the newly established Nature therapy Ashram at Urali. The young Manibhai gave a pledge to Mahatma Gandhi to devote his life to uplifting of Uruli.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Biography/BiographyDesaiMan.htm |title=Biography at Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation |access-date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312020244/http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Biography/BiographyDesaiMan.htm |archive-date=12 March 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> His first major activity there was to manage the Nature cure Ashram which continues to this day and is well known throughout India. The Nature cure therapy at the ashram followed guidelines issued by Gandhiji. They included regulation of diet, fast, sun-bath, fomentations, steam-bath, mud- bandage, massage and non-injurious indigenous herbs.<ref>Gandhi M. Nature cure. Kumarappa B, editor. Navajivan Publishing House; 1954.[http://gandhiashramsevagram.org/pdf-books/nature-cure.pdf]</ref> Manibhai followed this by opening a high school in Uruli.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Biography/BiographyDesaiMan.htm |title=Biography at Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation |access-date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312020244/http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Biography/BiographyDesaiMan.htm |archive-date=12 March 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Although Gandhian principles were central to Manibhai's work, he believed the rural poor can benefit from scientific advances<ref>{{cite book|last1=Smillie|first1=Ian|last2=Hailey|first2=John|title=Managing for change : leadership, strategy and management in Asian NGOs|date=2001|publisher=Earthscan|location=London [u.a.]|isbn=9781853837210|pages=52,138–139|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1AaUBp0UaKEC&q=%22manibhai+desai%22+&pg=PR6}}</ref> During his work at the Nature cure ashram, Manibhai self-taught himself aspects of horticulture and cattle breeding. To take this to next stage, he founded the NGO [[Bharatiya Agro-Industries Foundation]] (BAIF) in 1967.<ref>Rangnekar, D.V., Pradhan, P.K. and Gahlot, O.P., 1993. Surveys and farming systems researches seen by a non-government organisation like BAIF and outside agencies. In Feeding of ruminants on fibrous crop residues. Proceedings of an international workshop held at the National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India, ICAR, New Delhi, India (pp. 98-108).[http://edepot.wur.nl/333325#page=106]</ref> BAIF has been a pioneer in cross breeding of high yielding European cattle such as [[Holstein Friesian cattle|Holstein Freisian]] and
-[[Jersey cattle|Jersey]] with the sturdy Indian breeds such as [[Gyr cattle|Gir]] from Gujarat.<ref>Deore, P.A., Sidhaye, V.J., Rangnekar, D.V., Hegde, G.R. and Mangurkar, B.R., 1990. Manual on crossbred cows [https://idl-bnc-idrc.dspacedirect.org/bitstream/handle/10625/7453/53008.pdf?sequence=1].</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Bandyopadhyay .|first1=A. (editor)|title=Sustainable agriculture|date=2005|publisher=Northern Book Centre|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-7211-184-3|page=27|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=HtPQzC0f8Q0C&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=%22manibhai+desai%22+cows&ots=uiZkdQJu6x&sig=YULpwvzQAy6WWNxhsmP_-wKBWmg#v=onepage&q=%22manibhai%20desai%22%20cows&f=false}}</ref><ref>Bhosrekar, M.R., 1990. Semen production and artificial insemination. BAIF Development Research Foundation.[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Madhukar_Bhosrekar2/publication/265484397_SEMEN_PRODUCTION_AND_ARTIFICIAL_INSEMINATION/links/56d52f7708ae2cd682b94779.pdf]</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Howard|first=Connie|title=In Gandhi's Footsteps: The Manibhai Desai & BAIF Story|year=2000|publisher=New Age International Ltd.|isbn=81-224-1221-1|pages=114}}</ref><ref>[http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Biography/BiographyDesaiMan.htm Biography at Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation]</ref> During this period Manibhai visited numerous countries around the world such as Denmark, Great Britain, United States,Canada and Israel to learn about cattle breeding, farming techniques and to raise funds. Indian politicians at the highest level used to visit Urali to see for themselves the cow breeding activities. Later Manibhai expanded the scope of activities for BAIF to include animal health, nutrition, afforestation<ref name="Ahmad1997">{{cite book|author=Syed Noman Ahmad|title=Rapid Rural Transformation Through Voluntary Action|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ocUYpC_78kC&pg=PP15|year=1997|publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd.|isbn=978-81-7533-052-8|pages=43–83}}</ref> wasteland development, and tribal development.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ahmad|first1=Syed Noman|title=Rapid rural transformation through voluntary action|date=1997|publisher=MD Publications|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788175330528|page=43|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=3ocUYpC_78kC&oi=fnd&pg=PP15&dq=%22manibhai+desai%22+cows&ots=9hurhgmpT-&sig=mnokd54YUaeInK4gEW7vmq1UfgI#v=onepage&q=%22manibhai%20desai%22%20&f=false}}</ref>
+[[Jersey cattle|Jersey]] with the sturdy Indian breeds such as [[Gyr cattle|Gir]] from Gujarat.<ref>Deore, P.A., Sidhaye, V.J., Rangnekar, D.V., Hegde, G.R. and Mangurkar, B.R., 1990. Manual on crossbred cows [https://idl-bnc-idrc.dspacedirect.org/bitstream/handle/10625/7453/53008.pdf?sequence=1].</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Bandyopadhyay .|first1=A. (editor)|title=Sustainable agriculture|date=2005|publisher=Northern Book Centre|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-7211-184-3|page=27|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HtPQzC0f8Q0C&q=%22manibhai+desai%22+cows&pg=PA1}}</ref><ref>Bhosrekar, M.R., 1990. Semen production and artificial insemination. BAIF Development Research Foundation.[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Madhukar_Bhosrekar2/publication/265484397_SEMEN_PRODUCTION_AND_ARTIFICIAL_INSEMINATION/links/56d52f7708ae2cd682b94779.pdf]</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Howard|first=Connie|title=In Gandhi's Footsteps: The Manibhai Desai & BAIF Story|year=2000|publisher=New Age International Ltd.|isbn=81-224-1221-1|pages=114}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Biography/BiographyDesaiMan.htm |title=Biography at Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation |access-date=15 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312020244/http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Biography/BiographyDesaiMan.htm |archive-date=12 March 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> During this period Manibhai visited numerous countries around the world such as Denmark, Great Britain, United States, Canada and Israel to learn about cattle breeding, farming techniques and to raise funds. Indian politicians at the highest level used to visit Urali to see for themselves the cow breeding activities. Later Manibhai expanded the scope of activities for BAIF to include animal health, nutrition, afforestation<ref name="Ahmad1997">{{cite book|author=Syed Noman Ahmad|title=Rapid Rural Transformation Through Voluntary Action|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ocUYpC_78kC&pg=PP15|year=1997|publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd.|isbn=978-81-7533-052-8|pages=43–83}}</ref> wasteland development, and tribal development.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ahmad|first1=Syed Noman|title=Rapid rural transformation through voluntary action|date=1997|publisher=MD Publications|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788175330528|page=43|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ocUYpC_78kC&q=%22manibhai+desai%22+&pg=PP15}}</ref>
+Although Manibhai did not pursue high political office, he served as the [[Sarpanch]] Council chjief) of Uruli Kanchan [[Gram panchayat]] (village council) for many years. He  also served on the board of Yeshwant sahakari sakhar karkhana (Yeshwant [[Cooperative sugar factories in Maharashtra|
+cooperative sugar mill]]) at nearby village of  [[Theur]] for many years.<ref>Recipient of Jamnalal Bajaj Award for Application of Science and Technology for Rural
+Development-1983 [http://www.jamnalalbajajfoundation.org/Media/pdf/JBA_1983_Bio_Dr_Manibhai_Desai.pdf]</ref>
-==Awards and Honours==
+==Awards and honours==
-In 1968, the Indian government honoured Manibhai with the [[Padma Shri|Padmashree]] award. In 1982, Manibhai accepted the [[Ramon Magsaysay Award]] for Public Service.<ref name="biography">{{cite book|last1=Johri|first1=Meera|title=Greatness of spirit : profiles of Indian Magsaysay award winners|date=2010|publisher=Rajpal & Sons|location=Delhi|isbn=9788170288602|pages=94–98|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j1iegDJAYakC&pg=PA97&lpg=PA97&dq=%22manibhai+desai%22+death&source=bl&ots=10vMyHqKCu&sig=Of7GGGHXhq-NvMIAVThwX4RUd1E&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjfrazak6fUAhXEx4MKHUwPA5IQ6AEITTAJ#v=onepage&q=%22manibhai%20desai%22%20death&f=false}}</ref> In 1983, he received the [[Jamnalal Bajaj Award]] for Gandhian values, community values and social development.<ref name="Jamnalal Bajaj Award">{{cite web | url=http://www.jamnalalbajajfoundation.org/awards/archives/1983/science-and-technology/dr-manibhai-desai | title=Jamnalal Bajaj Award | publisher=Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation | date=2015 | accessdate=13 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Howard|first1=Connie|title=In Gandhi's footsteps : the Manibhai Desai & BAIF story|date=2000|publisher=New Age International|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788122412215|pages=12–50|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JbrnqHaN64MC&pg=PA137&lpg=PA137&dq=%22manibhai+desai%22+death&source=bl&ots=U9Lw3pLhO0&sig=L5r31ckh11QWJhuecoIVbMsFskg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj00oHQ9qbUAhXszIMKHT-cAiwQ6AEIRzAI#v=onepage&q=%22manibhai%20desai%22%20death&f=false}}</ref>
+In 1968, the Indian government honoured Manibhai with the [[Padma Shri|Padmashree]] award. In 1982, Manibhai accepted the [[Ramon Magsaysay Award]] for Public Service.<ref name="biography">{{cite book|last1=Johri|first1=Meera|title=Greatness of spirit : profiles of Indian Magsaysay award winners|date=2010|publisher=Rajpal & Sons|location=Delhi|isbn=9788170288602|pages=94–98|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j1iegDJAYakC&q=%22manibhai+desai%22+death&pg=PA97}}</ref> In 1983, he received the [[Jamnalal Bajaj Award]] for Gandhian values, community values and social development.<ref name="Jamnalal Bajaj Award">{{cite web | url=http://www.jamnalalbajajfoundation.org/awards/archives/1983/science-and-technology/dr-manibhai-desai | title=Jamnalal Bajaj Award | publisher=Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation | date=2015 | access-date=13 October 2015 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Howard|first1=Connie|title=In Gandhi's footsteps : the Manibhai Desai & BAIF story|date=2000|publisher=New Age International|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788122412215|pages=12–50|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JbrnqHaN64MC&q=%22manibhai+desai%22+death&pg=PA137}}</ref>
 ==Death and legacy==
-Manibhai died on 14 November 1993 at Pune.<ref name="Moole1997">{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=[[Gujarati Vishwakosh]]|title=દેસાઈ, મણિભાઈ ભીમભાઈ|last=Moole|first=Balkrishna Madhavrao|publisher=Gujarat Vishvakosh Trust|editor-last=Thaker|editor-first=Dhirubhai|editor-link=Dhirubhai Thaker|edition=1st|volume=IX|location=[[Ahmedabad]]|publication-date=1997|pages=432|language=gu|oclc=248969185}}</ref> The institutes he established have continued and prospered.
+Manibhai died on 14 November 1993 at Pune.<ref name="Moole1997">{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=[[Gujarati Vishwakosh]]|title=દેસાઈ, મણિભાઈ ભીમભાઈ|last=Moole|first=Balkrishna Madhavrao|publisher=Gujarat Vishvakosh Trust|editor-last=Thaker|editor-first=Dhirubhai|editor-link=Dhirubhai Thaker|edition=First|volume=IX|location=[[Ahmedabad]]|date=1997|pages=432|language=gu|oclc=248969185}}</ref> The institutes he established have continued and prospered.
 *BAIF with Canadian funding set up a new headquarters and a management training center in 1996 at Warje in the outskirts of Pune. The center has been named Dr. Manibhai Desai Nagar.<ref>{{cite book|last=Howard|first=Connie|title=In Gandhi's Footsteps: The Manibhai Desai & BAIF Story|year=2000|publisher=New Age International Ltd.|isbn=81-224-1221-1|pages=137–138}}</ref>
@@ Line 30: / Line 52: @@
 * [http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Citation/CitationDesaiMan.htm Citation for 1982 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Public Service]
 *Video, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lRyxbBrtblw In Gandhi's footsteps]
+{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Social Work}}
 {{RMA winners of India}}
 {{Jamnalal Bajaj Award winners}}

v t e Recipients of Padma Shri in Social Work
1950s	Mary Clubwala Jadhav (1955) R. S. Subbalakshmi (1958) Sailabala Das (1959) Lakshman Singh Jangpangi (1959)
1960s	Nanabhai Bhatt (1960) Bina Das (1960) Sophia Wadia (1960) Kamalabai Hospet (1961) Mithuben Petit (1961) N. Ramaswami Ayyar (1962) Mother Teresa (1962) Brij Krishna Chandiwala (1963) Leela Sumant Moolgaokar (1963) Leela Sumant Moolgaokar (1963) Ambujammal (1964) Mona Chandravati Gupta (1965) Lakshmi Mazumdar (1965) Gordhandas Bhagwandas Narottamdas (1965) John Richardson (1965) Manibhai Desai (1968) Bhaurao Gaikwad (1968) Shalini Moghe (1968) Sis Ram Ola (1968) Kalyan Singh Gupta (1969) Mangru Ganu Uikey (1969)
1970s	Indumati Chimanlal Sheth (1970) Maniben Kara (1970) Baba Amte (1971) Robin Banerjee (1971) Lila Ramkumar Bhargava (1971) Savita Behen (1971) Pandurang Dharmaji Jadhav (1971) Yudhvir Singh (1971) Avabai Bomanji Wadia (1971) Badri Prasad Bajoria (1972) Kanta Saroop Krishen (1972) Iyyanki Venkata Ramanayya (1972) Chandraprabha Saikiani (1972) Sarojini Varadappan (1973) Queenie H. C. Captain (1974) L. Kijungluba Ao (1976) Bishambhar Nath Pande (1976) Ismail Ahmed Cachalia (1977) Dhani Prem (1977)
1980s	Kunwar Singh Negi (1981) Bhagat Puran Singh (1981) Claire Vellut (1981) Swami Kalyandev (1982) Shiv Dutt Upadhyaya (1982) M. P. Nachimuthu (1983) Omem Moyong Deori (1984) Zainulabedin Gulamhusain Rangoonwala (1984) Ela Bhatt (1985) Ratnappa Kumbhar (1985) Anutai Wagh (1985) Chandi Prasad Bhatt (1986) Mahasweta Devi (1986) Krishan Dev Dewan (1986) Tushar Kanjilal (1986) Avdhash Kaushal (1986) Narayan Singh Manaklao (1986) Bunker Roy (1986) Begum Zaffar Ali (1987) Jaya Arunachalam (1987) Darshan Singh Vohra (1988) Mithu Alur (1989) Vedaratnam Appakutti (1989) Rajmohini Devi (1989) Krishnammal Jagannathan (1989) Mag Raj Jain (1989) Edward Kutchat (1989)
1990s	Anna Hazare (1990) Renana Jhabvala (1990) Silverine Swer (1990) Silverine Swer (1991) Vimla Dang (1991) T. G. K. Menon (1991) Jagdish Kashibhai Patel (1991) D. Y. Patil (1991) Sundaram Ramakrishnan (1991) Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti (1991) Shanthi Ranganathan (1992) Vidyaben Shah (1992) Leonarda Angela Casiraghi (1998) Antony Padiyara (1998) Shantha Sinha (1998) Kanta Tyagi (1998) Acharya Ramamurti (1999) T. Sailo (1999) Natwar Thakkar (1999)
2000s	Neidonuo Angami (2000) Jagan Nath Kaul (2000) Patricia Mukhim (2000) Janaky Athi Nahappan (2000) Hanumappa Sudarshan (2000) Rabindra Nath Upadhyay (2000) Tulasi Munda (2001) Norma Alvares (2002) Prakash Amte (2002) Kiran Martin (2002) Prema Narendra Purao (2002) Sivananda Rajaram (2002) Verna Elizabeth Watre Ingty (2003) Queenie Rynjah (2004) Hema Bharali (2005) Nana Chudasama (2005) Lalsawma (2005) Theilin Phanbuh (2005) Gladys Staines (2005) Suwalal Bafna (2006) Anil Prakash Joshi (2006) Sudha Murty (2006) Sudha Varghese (2006) Melhupra Vero (2006) Runa Banerjee (2007) S. M. Cyril (2007) M. A. Yusuff Ali (2008) Sheela Borthakur (2008) Karuna Mary Braganza (2008) V. R. Gowrishankar (2008) Kshama Metre (2008) Kutikuppala Surya Rao (2008) Madan Mohan Sabharwal (2008) Vikramjit Singh Sahney (2008) Bilkees Latif (2009) Keepu Tsering Lepcha (2009) C. K. Menon (2009) Joseph H. Pereira (2009) Sunil Kanti Roy (2009) Mitraniketan Viswanathan (2009)
2010s	Anu Aga (2010) J. R. Gangaramani (2010) Deep Joshi (2010) Sudha Kaul (2010) Ayekpam Tomba Meetei (2010) Kurian John Melamparambil (2010) Sudhir M. Parikh (2010) Kranti Shah (2010) Baba Sewa Singh (2010) Mamraj Agrawal (2011) Jockin Arputham (2011) Nomita Chandy (2011) Martha Chen (2011) Azad Moopen (2011) Sheela Patel (2011) Anita Reddy (2011) Kanubhai Hasmukhbhai Tailor (2011) Shamshad Begum (2012) Reeta Devi (2012) P. K. Gopal (2012) G. Muniratnam (2012) Niranjan Pranshankar Pandya (2012) Uma Tuli (2012) S. P. Varma (2012) Phoolbasan Bai Yadav (2012) Binny Yanga (2012) Jharna Dhara Chowdhury (2013) S. K. M. Maeilanandhan (2013) Nileema Mishra (2013) Reema Nanavati (2013) Manju Bharat Ram (2013) Narendra Dabholkar (2014) Mukul Chandra Goswami (2014) Durga Jain (2014) J. L. Kaul (2014) Mathur Savani (2014) Ashok Bhagat (2015) Janak Palta McGilligan (2015) Meetha Lal Mehta (2015) Veerendra Raj Mehta (2015) Bimla Poddar (2015) Madeleine Herman de Blic (2016) Madhu Pandit Dasa (2016) Ajoy Kumar Dutta (2016) Damal Kandalai Srinivasan (2016) Sunitha Krishnan (2016) Sundar Menon (2016) Arunachalam Muruganantham (2016) P. Gopinathan Nair (2016) Sudharak Olwe (2016) Girish Bharadwaj (2017) Appasaheb Dharmadhikari (2017) Bipin Ganatra (2017) Karimul Haque (2017) Anuradha Koirala (2017) Suhas Vitthal Mapuskar (2017) Daripalli Ramaiah (2017) Balbir Singh Seechewal (2017) Damodar Ganesh Bapat (2018) Sitavva Joddati (2018) Subhasini Mistry (2018) Sulagitti Narasamma (2018) Abdullah Bin Othman (2018) Sampat Ramteke (2018) Draupadi Ghimiray (2019) Bulu Imam (2019) Friederike Irina Bruning (2019) Chinna Pillai (2019) Shabbir Sayyad (2019) Jyoti Kumar Sinha (2019) Saalumarada Thimmakka (2019) Jamuna Tudu (2019) Muktaben Pankajkumar Dagli (2019)
2020s	Jagdish Lal Ahuja (2020) Popatrao Baguji Pawar (2020) Usha Chaumar (2020) Lia Diskin (2020) Sangkhumi Bualchhuak (2020 Tulsi Gowda (2020) Harekala Hajabba (2020) Tetsu Nakamura (2020) S. Ramakrishnan (2020) Sayed Mehboob Shah Qadri (2020) Mohammed Sharif (2020) Ramjee Singh (2020) Agus Indra Udayana (2020) Sundaram Verma (2020) Sindhutai Sapkal (2021) Girish Prabhune (2021) Prabhaben Shah (2022) Savaji Bhai Dholakia (2022) Gamit Ramilaben Raysingbhai (2022) Om Prakash Gandhi (2022) K V Rabiya (2022) Srimad Baba Balia (2022) Prem Singh (2022) Baba Iqbal Singh Ji (2022) S Damodaran (2022) Basanti Devi (2022) Bhiku Ramji Idate (2023) Bikram Bahadur Jamatia (2023) Ramkuiwangbe Jeme Newme (2023) Hirabai Lobi (2023) Moolchand Lodha (2023) Gajanan Jagannath Mane (2023) Uma Shankar Pandey (2023) V. P. Appukutta Poduval (2023) Vadivel Gopal and Masi Sadaiyan (2023) Sankurathri Chandra Sekhar (2023) Laxman Singh (2023) Palam Kalyana Sundaram (2023) Karma Wangchu (Posthumous) (2023) Sangthankima (2024)

v t e Jamnalal Bajaj Award winners
Constructive work	Jugatram Dave (1978) Sarla Devi and Baba Amte (1979) Gandhi Niketan Ashram (1980) Amalprava Das (1981) Gokulbhai Daulatram Bhatt (1982) Tagaduru Ramachandra Rao (1983) Popatlal Ramchandra Shah (1984) T. S. Avinashilingam Chettiar (1985) Sunderlal Bahuguna (1986) Natwar Thakkar (1987) Krishnammal Jagannathan (1988) K. Janardanan Pillai (1989) Tirath Ram (1990) Dwarko Sundarani (1991) Thakurdas Bang (1992) Vichitra Narain Sharma (1993) L. N. Gopalaswami (1994) Kashinath Trivedi (1995) Manubhai Pancholi (1996) R. K. Patil (1997) Acharya Ramamurti (1998) Narayan Desai (1999) Somdutt Vedalankar (2000) Sisir Sanyal (2001) Siddharaj Dhadda (2002) Rabindra Nath Upadhyay (2003) Radhakrishna Bajaj (2004) P. Gopinathan Nair (2005) Salem Nanjundaiah Subba Rao (2006) Yashpal M. Mittal (2007) Biswanath Pattnaik (2008) Lavanam (2009) Chunilal Vaidya (2010) Ramesh Bhaiya and Vimla Bahan (2011) Jayant Mathkar (2012) G. V. Subba Rao (2013) Surendra Koulagi (2014) Man Singh Rawat (2015) Mohan Hirabai Hiralal (2016)
Science and Technology	Satish Chandra Das Gupta (1978) Jayant Shamrao Patil (1979) Anil Sadgopal (1980) A. M. M. Murugappa Chettiar (1981) Prembhai (1982) Manibhai Desai (1983) Mohan Narhari Parikh (1984) Sanjit Roy (1985) Vilas B. Salunke (1986) Sunit Dhanaji Bonde (1987) Ishwarbhai Patel (1988) T. G. K. Menon (1989) Shripad Dabholkar (1990) S. Krishnamurthy Mirmira (1991) K. Vishwanathan (1992) Dinkarrao G. Pawar (1993) V. S. Aggarwal (1994) G. Muniratnam (1995) V. S. Aggarwal (1996) S. S. Katagihallimath (1997) Devendra Kumar (1998) Ajoy Kumar Basu (1999) Bhaskar Save (2000) Anil K. Rajvanshi (2001) Arunkumar Dave (2002) Vinayak Patil (2003) Prabhakar Shankar Thakur (2004) Rajendra Singh (2005) Anil Prakash Joshi (2006) Anand Dinkar Karve (2007) Tushar Kanjilal (2008) Ayyappa Masagi (2009) Chewang Norphel (2010) Anupam Mishra (2011) Kalyan Paul (2012) Snehlata Nath (2013) Ram Kumar Singh (2014) Perumal Vivekanandan (2015) B. V. Nimbkar (2016)
Women and child welfare	Kamalabai Hospet (1980) Ramadevi Choudhury (1981) Taraben Mashruwala (1982) Pushpaben Mehta (1983) Gaura Devi (1984) Anutai Wagh (1985) Vasanti S. Roy (1986) Annapragada C. Krishna Rao (1987) Malati Choudhury (1988) Indirabai Halbe (1989) Ratan Shastri (1990) Radha Bhatt (1991) Shalini Moghe (1992) Kantaben and Harivilasben Shah (1993) Shanti Devi (1994) Vimla Bahuguna (1995) Indumati Parikh (1996) Vinoba Niketan (1997) Rajammal P. Devadas (1998) Saraswathi Gora (1999) Vidya Devi (2000) Rehmat Sultan Fazelbhoy (2001) Chitra Naik (2002) Alice Garg (2003) Sarojini Varadappan (2004) Arunaben Shankarprasad Desai (2005) Rani Bang (2006) Ashoka Gupta (2007) Phoolbasan Bai Yadav (2008) Jaya Arunachalam (2009) Shakuntaladevi Choudhary (2010) Shobhana Ranade (2011) Glenn D. Paige (2012) Vidhya Das (2013) Chennupati Vidaya (2014) Anne Ferrer (2015) Dr. N. Manga Devi (2016)
International	Pierre Parodi (1988) Danilo Dolci (1989) A. T. Ariyaratne (1990) Charles Walker (1991) Homer A. Jack (1992) Johan Galtung (1993) Gedong Bagus Oka (1994) Kamala (1995) Adolfo De Obieta (1996) Young Seek Choue (1997) Jharna Dhara Chowdhury (1998) Joseph Rotblat (1999) Desmond Tutu (2000) Satish Kumar (2001) George Willoughby (2002) Mary E. King (2003) Marie Thoeger (2004) Daisaku Ikeda (2005) Ismail Serageldin (2006) Michael Nagler (2007) Louis Campana (2008) Charles Peter Dougherty (2009) Lia Diskin (2010) Agus Indra Udayana (2011) Nighat Shafi (2012) Jean-Marie Muller (2013) Sulak Sivaraksa (2014) Minoru Kasai (2015) Rached Ghannouchi (2016)
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