Penrose Pegasus: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
No edit summary |
m →References: Adding archives to assist with Wikipedia:Verifiability, WP:SOURCEACCESS |
||
| (30 intermediate revisions by 19 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|British single-seat glider, 1935}} |
|||
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. --> |
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. --> |
||
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}} |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
{{Use British English|date=January 2017}} |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| name=Pegasus |
| name=Pegasus |
||
| image= |
| image= |
||
| caption= |
| caption= |
||
}}{{Infobox |
}}{{Infobox aircraft type |
||
| type=Single seat [[glider (sailplane)|glider]] |
| type=Single seat [[glider (sailplane)|glider]] |
||
| national origin=[[ |
| national origin=[[United Kingdom]] |
||
| manufacturer= |
| manufacturer= |
||
| designer=H.J.Penrose |
| designer=H.J. Penrose |
||
| first flight=1935 |
| first flight=21 July 1935 |
||
| introduced= |
| introduced= |
||
| retired= |
| retired= |
||
| Line 19: | Line 22: | ||
| program cost= <!--Total program cost--> |
| program cost= <!--Total program cost--> |
||
| unit cost= <!--Incremental or flyaway cost for military or retail price for commercial aircraft--> |
| unit cost= <!--Incremental or flyaway cost for military or retail price for commercial aircraft--> |
||
| developed from= |
| developed from= |
||
| variants with their own articles= |
| variants with their own articles= |
||
}} |
}} |
||
|} |
|} |
||
The '''Penrose Pegasus''' was a 1930s [[high-wing]], single-seat, wooden [[glider (sailplane)|glider]] from the [[UK]]. Designed, built and flown by [[Harald Penrose]] until the start of [[World War II]], only one was built at the time though a reproduction was constructed in the 1990s. |
|||
The '''Penrose Pegasus''' was a |
|||
==Design and development== |
==Design and development== |
||
In 1932 |
In 1932 Penrose, Chief Test Pilot at [[Westland Aircraft]] from 1931–53,<ref name=Indy/> began the design of a wooden single-seat glider. One unusual design constraint was that no component could be more the 12 ft 6 in (3.81 m) long in order for it to leave the workshop.<ref name=Ell/> |
||
The wing of the Pegasus had the same spar and planform as the unbuilt Cloudcraft Junior. It was constructed around a single box spar of [[spruce]] and [[plywood]] and had three sections, a parallel |
The wing of the Pegasus had the same spar and planform as the unbuilt Cloudcraft Junior. It was constructed around a single box spar of [[spruce]] and [[plywood]] and had three sections, a parallel-[[chord (aircraft)|chord]] centre section and two slightly longer, tapered outer panels with [[ailerons]] along the whole of their [[trailing edge]]s. It was [[aircraft fabric covering|fabric covered]] and braced with [[lift strut]]s to the lower fuselage [[longerons]]. Both [[rudder]] and [[elevator (aircraft)|elevator]] were [[stabilator|all-moving surfaces]], fabric covered and with rounded trailing edges. The rudder extended to the lower fuselage so the elevator, mounted on the upper fuselage, had a cut-out to allow its movement.<ref name=Ell/><ref name=Flight1/> |
||
The Pegasus had a rectangular |
The Pegasus had a rectangular-section, ply-covered fuselage, which tapered towards the tail. The wing was braced above the fuselage by the struts and the open, unscreened cockpit was under the [[leading edge]]; fabric-covered, inverted V-shaped decking tapered from the lower wing surface rearwards. There was a short, curved landing skid fixed at the nose and joined to the lower longerons at the same point as the lift struts by a V-form pair of telescopic compression struts. Initially the Pegasus had a tailskid but flight trials showed that both skids were easily broken, so the main skid was replaced with a stiffer one and the tailskid by a rubber tailwheel.<ref name=Ell/><ref name=Flight1/> |
||
==Operational history== |
==Operational history== |
||
The Pegasus flew for the first time in 1935 and gained its [[ |
The Pegasus flew for the first time in 1935 and gained its [[British Gliding Association]] certificate of airworthiness no. ''BGA 232''. Early test flights with the improved undercarriage were made in July and August at [[Maiden Newton]], home of the [[Dorset]] Gliding Club.<ref name=S&P1/> It flew in the annual BGA competition held at [[Sutton Bank]] in late August 1935 as no.20.<ref name=S&P2/> Until the outbreak of war Penrose often flew the Pegasus from [[Kimmeridge]], on the Dorset coast, at weekends.<ref name=RCSA/> The Pegasus survived [[World War II]] and afterwards underwent modifications, never completed, to enlarge the cockpit. This, the only example built, was later burnt.<ref name=Ell/> |
||
A reproduction of the Pegasus, called the '''Pegasus 2''', flew in 1993 and is now on display at the [[Norfolk and Suffolk Aviation Museum]].<ref name=W&R22/> |
A reproduction of the Pegasus, called the '''Pegasus 2''', flew in 1993 and is now on display at the [[Norfolk and Suffolk Aviation Museum]].<ref name=W&R22/> |
||
| Line 40: | Line 43: | ||
==Specifications== |
==Specifications== |
||
{{Aircraft specs |
{{Aircraft specs |
||
|ref=British Gliders |
|ref=British Gliders and Sailplanes 1922-1970<ref name=Ell/> |
||
|prime units?=imp |
|prime units?=imp |
||
<!-- |
<!-- |
||
| Line 89: | Line 92: | ||
|never exceed speed kts= |
|never exceed speed kts= |
||
|never exceed speed note= |
|never exceed speed note= |
||
|minimum control speed kmh= |
|||
|minimum control speed mph= |
|||
|minimum control speed kts= |
|||
|minimum control speed note= |
|||
|ceiling m= |
|ceiling m= |
||
|ceiling ft= |
|ceiling ft= |
||
| Line 115: | Line 114: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
<!--==Notes==--> |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
||
{{reflist|refs= |
{{reflist|refs= |
||
<ref name=Ell>{{cite book |title= British Gliders and Sailplanes|last=Ellison|first=Norman| year=1971 |
<ref name=Ell>{{cite book |title= British Gliders and Sailplanes|last=Ellison|first=Norman| year=1971|publisher=A & C Black Ltd|location=London |isbn=978-0-7136-1189-2|page=154}}</ref> |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | <ref name=Flight1>{{cite |
||
| ⚫ | <ref name=S&P1>{{cite journal | |
||
| ⚫ | <ref name=S&P2>{{cite journal | |
||
<ref name=RCSA>{{cite journal |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1989 |month=Autumn |title=The Penrose Pegasus|journal=Radio Contolled Scale Aircraft|volume= |issue= |pages=p.45-8 |id= |url=|accessdate= |quote= }}</ref> |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | <ref name=Indy>{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-harald-penrose-1362801.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-harald-penrose-1362801.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Obituary:Harald Penrose|date= 11 September 1996 |work=Independent|accessdate=2011-10-28}}</ref> |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | <ref name=S&P2>{{cite journal |date=September 1935 |title=The Sutton Bank Competitions|journal=The Sailplane & Glider|volume=6 |issue=9 |pages=147–155 |url= http://www.lakesgc.co.uk/mainwebpages/Sailplane%20&%20Glider%201930%20-%201955/Volume%206%20No.%209%20Sept%201935.pdf}}</ref> |
||
<ref name=RCSA>{{cite journal |date=Autumn 1989 |title=Prototype Parade: Penrose Pegasus|journal=Radio Control Scale Aircraft|pages=45–8 |url=http://www.scalesoaring.co.uk/VINTAGE/Documentation/PenrosePegasus/images/RCModeller%201989.pdf}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
<!-- ==Further reading== --> |
|||
==External links== |
==External links== |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1935]] |
|||
<!-- Navboxes go here --> |
|||
{{Aviation lists}} |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
Latest revision as of 01:12, 26 May 2022
| Pegasus | |
|---|---|
| Role | Single seat glider |
| National origin | United Kingdom |
| Designer | H.J. Penrose |
| First flight | 21 July 1935 |
| Number built | 1 |
The Penrose Pegasus was a 1930s high-wing, single-seat, wooden glider from the UK. Designed, built and flown by Harald Penrose until the start of World War II, only one was built at the time though a reproduction was constructed in the 1990s.
Design and development
[edit]In 1932 Penrose, Chief Test Pilot at Westland Aircraft from 1931–53,[1] began the design of a wooden single-seat glider. One unusual design constraint was that no component could be more the 12 ft 6 in (3.81 m) long in order for it to leave the workshop.[2]
The wing of the Pegasus had the same spar and planform as the unbuilt Cloudcraft Junior. It was constructed around a single box spar of spruce and plywood and had three sections, a parallel-chord centre section and two slightly longer, tapered outer panels with ailerons along the whole of their trailing edges. It was fabric covered and braced with lift struts to the lower fuselage longerons. Both rudder and elevator were all-moving surfaces, fabric covered and with rounded trailing edges. The rudder extended to the lower fuselage so the elevator, mounted on the upper fuselage, had a cut-out to allow its movement.[2][3]
The Pegasus had a rectangular-section, ply-covered fuselage, which tapered towards the tail. The wing was braced above the fuselage by the struts and the open, unscreened cockpit was under the leading edge; fabric-covered, inverted V-shaped decking tapered from the lower wing surface rearwards. There was a short, curved landing skid fixed at the nose and joined to the lower longerons at the same point as the lift struts by a V-form pair of telescopic compression struts. Initially the Pegasus had a tailskid but flight trials showed that both skids were easily broken, so the main skid was replaced with a stiffer one and the tailskid by a rubber tailwheel.[2][3]
Operational history
[edit]The Pegasus flew for the first time in 1935 and gained its British Gliding Association certificate of airworthiness no. BGA 232. Early test flights with the improved undercarriage were made in July and August at Maiden Newton, home of the Dorset Gliding Club.[4] It flew in the annual BGA competition held at Sutton Bank in late August 1935 as no.20.[5] Until the outbreak of war Penrose often flew the Pegasus from Kimmeridge, on the Dorset coast, at weekends.[6] The Pegasus survived World War II and afterwards underwent modifications, never completed, to enlarge the cockpit. This, the only example built, was later burnt.[2]
A reproduction of the Pegasus, called the Pegasus 2, flew in 1993 and is now on display at the Norfolk and Suffolk Aviation Museum.[7]
Specifications
[edit]Data from British Gliders and Sailplanes 1922-1970[2]
General characteristics
- Length: 15 ft 9 in (4.80 m)
- Wingspan: 34 ft 4 in (10.47 m)
- Wing area: 91.8 sq ft (8.53 m2)
- Aspect ratio: 13
- Airfoil: Modified Göttingen 535
- Empty weight: 135 lb (61 kg)
- Gross weight: 275 lb (125 kg)
Performance
- Rate of sink: 162 ft/min (0.82 m/s) minimum
- Lift-to-drag: 20.5 maximum
- Wing loading: 3.0 lb/sq ft (15 kg/m2)
References
[edit]- ^ "Obituary:Harald Penrose". Independent. 11 September 1996. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
- ^ a b c d e Ellison, Norman (1971). British Gliders and Sailplanes. London: A & C Black Ltd. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-7136-1189-2.
- ^ a b "A Multum-in-Parvo Sailplane". Flight. Vol. XXVIII, no. 1399. 17 October 1935.
- ^ "Dorset Gliding Club" (PDF). The Sailplane & Glider. 6 (9): 158. September 1935.
- ^ "The Sutton Bank Competitions" (PDF). The Sailplane & Glider. 6 (9): 147–155. September 1935.
- ^ "Prototype Parade: Penrose Pegasus" (PDF). Radio Control Scale Aircraft: 45–8. Autumn 1989.
- ^ Ellis, Ken (2010). Wrecks & Relics (22 ed.). Manchester: Crecy. p. 196. ISBN 978-0-85979-150-2.
