View source for Turkish Naval Forces

{{Short description|Naval warfare service branch of the Turkish Armed Forces}}
{{about|the Naval Forces of the [[Turkey|Republic of Turkey]] established in 1923|the Turkish Navy in the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] period|Ottoman Navy}}
{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name                     = Turkish Naval Forces
| native_name                   = {{lang|tr|Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri}}<br/>{{lang|tr|Türk Donanması}}
| image                         = [[File:Seal of the Turkish Navy.svg|centre|180px]]
| caption                       = Seal of the Turkish Navy
| start_date                    =
*10 July 1920 <small>(as the Directorate of Naval Affairs)</small><ref name="TNF History">[http://www.dzkk.tsk.tr/denizweb/english/hakkimizda/genel_tarihce.php?CSRF_TOKEN=656a28a0e88992ad6e846af7f7720696f1da0117 History of Turkish Naval Forces] (Official Turkish Naval Forces website)</ref>
* 1 July 1949 <small>(as the Turkish Naval Forces Command)</small><ref>''1949 Temmuzunda Türk Silâhlı Kuvvetleri yeniden örgütlendirilerek, Genelkurmay Başkanlığına bağlı Kara, Deniz, Hava Kuvvetleri kuruldu.'', [[General Staff of the Republic of Turkey|Genelkurmay Başkanlığı]], ''Türk Tarihi, Silahlı Kuvvetleri ve Atatürkçülük'', Genelkurmay Başkanlığı, 1973, [https://books.google.com/books?id=vI1EAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Kara,+Deniz,+Hava+Kuvvetleri+kuruldu%22 p. 65.] {{in lang|tr}}</ref>
| dates                         = 
| country                       = {{TUR}}
| type                          = [[Navy]]
| role                          = [[Naval warfare]]
| size                          = 45,000 active personnel<ref name=IISS1>{{cite book| url=https://www.iiss.org/publications/the-military-balance/the-military-balance-2023| title=The Military Balance 2023| author1=International Institute for Strategic Studies| author-link1=International Institute for Strategic Studies| date=15 February 2023| publisher=[[Routledge]]| location=[[London]]| page= 141| isbn=9781032508955}}</ref><br />
55,000 reserve personnel<ref name=IISS1/>
| command_structure             = [[Turkish Armed Forces]]
| garrison                      = [[Ankara]]
| garrison_label                = Headquarters
| nickname                      = 
| patron                        = 
| motto                         = "[[Semper paratus|Always Ready]]"
| colors                        = {{plainlist|
* {{color box|#0000FF}} Blue
* {{color box|#FFD700}} Gold
* {{color box|#FFFFFF}} White 
}}
| colors_label                  = Colors
| march                         = Turkish Navy March {{audio|Turkish Navy March, December 2013.ogg|Play}}
| mascot                        = 
| equipment                     = [[List of equipment of the Turkish Naval Forces]]<br />[[List of active ships of the Turkish Naval Forces]]
| equipment_label               = 
| battles                       = 
| anniversaries                 = 27 September<ref name="TNF History"/>
| decorations                   = 
| battle_honours                = 
| disbanded                     = 
| flying_hours                  = 
| website                       = {{URL|https://www.dzkk.tsk.tr/en-US}}
<!-- Commanders -->| commander1                    = [[President of Turkey|President]] [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]]
| commander1_label              = [[Commander-in-Chief]]
| commander2                    = [[Yaşar Güler]]
| commander2_label              = [[List of Ministers of National Defense of Turkey|Minister of National Defence]]
| commander3                    = General [[Metin Gürak]]
| commander3_label              = [[Chief of the Turkish General Staff|Chief of the General Staff]]
| commander4                    = Admiral [[Ercüment Tatlıoğlu]]
| commander4_label              = [[List of Commanders of the Turkish Naval Forces|Commander]]
| commander5                    = Vice Admiral [[İbrahim Özdem Koçer]]
| commander5_label              = Chief of Staff of Turkish Naval Forces
| notable_commanders            = <!-- Insignia -->
| identification_symbol         = [[File:Flag of Turkish Naval Forces Command.svg|80px]]
| identification_symbol_label   = 
| identification_symbol_2       = [[File:Roundel of Turkey.svg|80px]]
| identification_symbol_2_label = [[Naval Aviation]] [[Roundel]]
| identification_symbol_3       = [[File:Turkish masthead pennant.svg|310px]]
| identification_symbol_3_label = [[Masthead Pennant]]
}}
{{Turkish Navy}}
{{Turkish Armed Forces}}
The '''Turkish Naval Forces''' ({{langx|tr|{{italics correction|Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri}}}}), or '''Turkish Navy''' ({{langx|tr|{{italics correction|Türk Donanması}}}}), is the [[naval warfare]] service branch of the [[Turkish Armed Forces]].

The modern naval traditions and customs of the Turkish Navy can be traced back to 10 July 1920, when it was established as the ''Directorate of Naval Affairs'' during the [[Turkish War of Independence]] led by [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]]. Since July 1949, the service has been officially known as the ''Turkish Naval Forces''.

In 2008, the Turkish Navy had a reported active personnel strength of 48,600; this figure included an [[Amphibious Marine Brigade (Turkish Armed Forces)|Amphibious Marines Brigade]] as well as several Special Forces and [[Commando]] detachments.<ref name="loc">{{citation|url=http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Turkey.pdf|title=Country Profile: Turkey|date=August 2008|author=[[Library of Congress]] – Federal Research Division|pages=25–26}}</ref> As of early 2021, the navy operates a wide variety of [[List of active ships of the Turkish Naval Forces|ships]] and 60 maritime aircraft.

==History==
{{Main|Ottoman Navy}}

===Ottoman fleet after Mudros===
Following the demise of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the aftermath of [[World War I]], on 3 November 1918, the [[List of Fleet Commanders of the Ottoman Navy|fleet commander]] of the [[Ottoman Navy]], [[rear admiral]] Arif Pasha, ordered all flags to be struck on all warships lying in the [[Golden Horn]], and the Ottoman Navy ceased to exist.<ref name="Steam Navy57">Bernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, ''The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828–1923'', Naval Institute Press, [[Annapolis, Maryland]], 1995, {{ISBN|1-55750-659-0}}, p. 57.</ref> The major surface combatants of the former Ottoman fleet (totalling 62,000 tons) were rendered inactive by the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] and in accordance with the terms of the [[Armistice of Mudros]], the warships were disarmed during the last week of 1918. The battleship {{ship|Ottoman battleship|Turgut Reis||2}} and the cruisers {{ship|Ottoman cruiser|Hamidiye||2}} and {{ship|Ottoman cruiser|Mecidiye||2}} were substantially limited and kept inactive inside the Golden Horn by the occupying forces.<ref name=historyTN>{{cite web|url=http://www.dzkk.tsk.tr/english/TARIHIMIRAS.php|title=Hata Sayfası|access-date=14 December 2014}}</ref> Due to its larger size, the battlecruiser {{ship|Ottoman battlecruiser|Yavuz Sultan Selim||2}} was transferred to the [[Gulf of İzmit]] on the grounds that she could adversely affect the sea traffic inside the Golden Horn;<ref name=historyTN/> while her ammunition and guns were removed.<ref name=historyTN/> During this period, only a small number of Ottoman Navy vessels were allowed by the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] to remain on active [[coast guard]] duties and were released from internment on 26 February 1919;<ref name="Steam Navy57"/> such as the torpedo boats ''Akhisar'' and ''Dıraç'' which patrolled the [[Sea of Marmara]], the gunboat ''[[Ottoman gunboat Hizir Reis|Hızır Reis]]'' which patrolled the [[Gulf of İzmir]], and the minelayers {{ship|Ottoman minelayer|Nusret||2}} and ''Tir-i Müjgan'' which conducted mine cleaning operations in the [[Gulf of Saros]].<ref name=historyTN/>

Before the [[Turkish War of Independence]] began, the ''Bahriye Nazırlığı'' (Naval Ministry) sent the gunboat ''Preveze'' to [[Sinop, Turkey|Sinop]] and the gunboat ''Aydın Reis'' to [[Trabzon]] in February 1919 for surveillance, reconnaissance and patrol duties.<ref name=historyTN/> However, a lack of coal to fuel their propulsion systems caused the ''Preveze'' and ''Aydın Reis'' to remain in harbour until the end of 1919.<ref name=historyTN/> During the early stages of the Turkish War of Independence, these two gunboats did not return to Istanbul, despite heavy pressure from the Ottoman government and the Allies.<ref name=historyTN/> Instead, they were placed under the command of the [[Turkish National Movement|Turkish liberation forces]] led by [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] and headquartered in [[Ankara]].<ref name=historyTN/>

===Turkish War of Independence===

====Directorate of Naval Affairs====
A large number of the naval officers and students of the Naval Academy went to [[Anatolia]] for participating in the [[Turkish War of Independence]]. On 10 July 1920, the ''Directorate of Naval Affairs'' (''Umur-u Bahriye Müdürlüğü'') was founded in Ankara under the Ministry of National Defense and was given the duty of organizing and maintaining strategic logistical shipping through the [[Black Sea]] in order to provide the Turkish liberation forces in Anatolia with weapons and other supplies.<ref name=historyTN/> All existing naval institutions in the parts of Anatolia that were administered by the Ankara government were assigned to this Directorate.<ref name=historyTN/> The Directorate of Naval Affairs was extremely successful in organizing local surface units and volunteers and in forming an intelligence network to discover the movements of the enemy ships.<ref name=historyTN/> As a result, logistic transportation was carried out effectively.<ref name=historyTN/> The [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey|Turkish Grand National Assembly]] in Ankara made an agreement with the [[Soviet Union]] to procure supplies for the Turkish liberation forces.<ref name=historyTN/> ''Aydın Reis'' left from [[Samsun]] (on 16 September 1920) and ''Preveze'' left from [[Trabzon]] (on 30 September 1920) for [[Novorossiysk]] in order to transport weapons, other supplies and financial aid to the Turkish liberation forces.<ref name="Steam Navy57"/><ref name=historyTN/> The ''Trabzon Shipping Detachment'', which was founded on 21 September 1920, was renamed as the ''Trabzon Naval Shipping Command'' with the directive issued by the Ministry of National Defense on 26 October 1920.<ref name=historyTN/> On 1 January 1921, the [[Samsun]] Naval Command was formed.<ref name="Cevat"/> In the subsequent stages of the Turkish War of Independence, due to the growing need for maritime shipping and the increase in the quantity and quality of the units and small ships, the organizational structure of the Directorate of Naval Affairs was gradually extended.<ref name=historyTN/>

In the same period, a number of Turkish civilian seamen formed a group under the name of the ''Naval Aid Organization'' (''Muavenet-i Bahriye'').<ref name="Cevat">Cevat Ülkekul, [https://web.archive.org/web/20071025035857/http://www.shodb.gov.tr/pirireis/oturumlar/kurtulus_savasi_turk_denizci.htm "Kurtuluş Savaşı'nda Türk Denizcileri ve Cumhuriyet Bahriyesinin Kuruluşu"] (''"Turkish Seamen during the War of Independence and Establishment of the Republican Navy"''), ''Uluslararası Piri Reis Sempozyumu'', 27–29 Eylül 2004 (Bildiri), Office of Navigation of Hydrography and Oceanography. {{in lang|tr}}</ref> This group secretly obtained cannons, light weapons, ammunition, landmines and ordnance from the former Ottoman military warehouses in Istanbul that were under the control of the occupying Allies and sent them to the Turkish liberation forces in Anatolia with civil water transportation crafts.<ref name="Cevat"/>

====Presidency of the Naval Department====
On 1 March 1921, the Directorate of Naval Affairs was transformed into the Presidency of the Naval Department (''Bahriye Dairesi Reisliği'') and had control over the Naval Commands in Samsun, [[Amasra]] and [[İzmit]] (formed on 28 June 1921); the Naval Transport Detachment in Trabzon; the Naval Transport Command in [[Karadeniz Ereğli|Ereğli]]; the Naval Detachment in [[Lake Eğirdir]]; and the Naval Liaison Group in [[Fethiye]] (formed on 16 March 1921.)<ref name=historyTN/> During the War of Independence, Turkish naval forces transported 220,000 tons of weapons, ammunition and equipment to the land forces in Anatolia.<ref name="Cevat"/>

===Ministry of the Navy===
Following the [[Armistice of Mudanya]] on 11 October 1922, the former Ottoman Ministry of the Navy (''Bahriye Nazırlığı'') building in the [[Kasımpaşa, Beyoğlu|Kasımpaşa]] quarter of [[Istanbul]], on the [[Golden Horn]], became the headquarters of the Istanbul Naval Command on 14 November 1922.<ref name=historyTN/> The establishment of the Ministry of the Navy (''Bahriye Vekâleti'') of the Republic of Turkey, headquartered in Ankara, was decided by the [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey|Grand National Assembly]] on 29 December 1924, and [[İhsan Eryavuz|Topçu İhsan Bey]] (İhsan Eryavuz) was appointed the first (and only) Naval Minister of Turkey.<ref>Ümit Özdağ, ''Atatürk ve İnönü dönemlerinde Ordu-Siyaset İlişkisi'', Bilgeoğuz, 2006, [https://books.google.com/books?id=TE5pAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Bahriye+Vekaleti%22 p. 97.] {{in lang|tr}}</ref><ref name="Diyanet">''Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm ansiklopedisi'', Vol 12, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, İslâm Ansiklopedisi Genel Müdürlüğü, 1988, {{page needed|date=December 2010}} {{in lang|tr}}</ref> When the [[Republic of Turkey]] was established on 29 October 1923, the former Ottoman vessels that remained under Turkish control were as follows:<ref name="Steam Navy59">Bernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, ''The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828–1923'', Naval Institute Press, [[Annapolis, Maryland]], 1995, {{ISBN|1-55750-659-0}}, p. 59.</ref>

In active service: 2 cruisers ({{ship|Ottoman cruiser|Hamidiye||2}}, ''Peyk-i Şevket''), 2 yachts (''Ertuğrul'', ''Söğütlü''), 1 destroyer (''Taşoz''), 4 gunboats (''Burak Reis'', ''Hızır Reis'', ''Kemal Reis'', ''İsa Reis''), 1 minelayer ({{ship|Ottoman minelayer|Nusret||2}}), 1 aviso (''Galata''), 4 tugs and 7 motorboats.
Out of service (needing repair): 2 battleships ({{ship|Ottoman battlecruiser|Yavuz Sultan Selim||2}}, {{ship|Ottoman battleship|Turgut Reis||2}}), 2 cruisers (''Berk-i Satvet'', {{ship|Ottoman cruiser|Mecidiye||2}}), 4 destroyers ({{ship|Ottoman destroyer|Muâvenet-i Millîye||2}}, ''Nümune-i Hamiyet'', ''Basra'', ''Samsun''), 6 torpedo boats ({{ship|Ottoman torpedo boat|Sultanhisar||2}}, ''Yunus'', ''Akhisar'', ''Dıraç'', ''Musul'', ''Berk Efşan''), 1 gunboat (''Sakız'').

Preparations were made to carry out the maintenance and overhaul of small-tonnage warships (the three ''Taşoz''-class destroyers and the gunboats ''Burak Reis'', ''Sakız'', ''İsa Reis'' and ''Kemal Reis'') and to make them combat-ready.<ref name=historyTN/> Thus, the cruiser ''Hamidiye'', which was planned to be employed as a Cadet Training Ship, was overhauled.<ref name=historyTN/>

During the 1920s, a commitment to refurbish the battlecruiser {{TCG|Yavuz}} (which remained in active service until 1950) as the centerpiece of the republic's fleet was the only constant element of the various naval policies which were put forward.<ref>Güvenç and Barlas, p. 7</ref> The battlecruiser remained in [[İzmit]] until 1926, in a neglected state:<ref name=Conways391>Gardiner and Gray, p. 391</ref><ref name="Whitley241">Whitley, p. 241</ref><ref name="Worth271">Worth, p. 271</ref> only two of her boilers worked, she could not steer or steam, and she still had two unrepaired scars from the mine damage in 1918. Enough money was raised to allow the purchase of a new {{convert|26000|t|LT|adj=on|sp=us}} [[floating dry dock|floating dock]] from the German company ''Flender'',<ref name=historyTN/> as ''Yavuz'' could not be towed anywhere without risk of her sinking in rough seas.<ref name=b7>Brice, p. 277</ref> The French company ''Atelier et Chantiers de St. Nazaire-Penhöet'' was contracted in December 1926 to oversee the subsequent refit, which was carried out by the [[Gölcük Naval Shipyard]].<ref name="Whitley241"/> Since the [[Treaty of Lausanne]] in 1923 required the disarmament of the [[Turkish Straits]], the infrastructures belonging to the Turkish Naval Forces on the [[Bosphorus]] (in [[Istinye]]) and on the Golden Horn were transferred to [[Gölcük, Kocaeli|Gölcük]].<ref name=historyTN/> In this period, Gölcük was designated as the main Turkish naval base.<ref name=historyTN/>

The overhaul works of TCG ''Yavuz'' proceeded over three years (1927–1930); they were delayed when several compartments of the dock collapsed while being pumped out. ''Yavuz'' was slightly damaged before she could be refloated and the dock had to be repaired before the overhaul works could be resumed. The Minister of the Navy, [[İhsan Eryavuz]], was convicted of embezzlement in the resulting investigation which became known as the ''Yavuz-Havuz case'' (''havuz'' meaning "dock" in Turkish naval engineering terminology.)<ref name=b7/> The investigation revealed that Ihsan Eryavuz had reduced the insurance obligation of the French company (Atelier et Chantiers de St. Nazaire-Penhöet) from 5 million to 1.5 million Turkish liras, and was convicted guilty of fraud,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.belgenet.com/dava/yucedivan_02.html|title=The Yavuz-Havuz Case (Turkish)|access-date=27 October 2015}}</ref> which resulted in the abolition of the Ministry of the Navy on 27 December 1927.<ref name="Cevat"/><ref name="DZKK Tarihce">[http://www.dzkk.tsk.tr/turkce/TarihiMiras/geneltarihce.php Genel Tarihçe], Turkish Navy official site.</ref>

===Undersecretariat of the Sea===
Following the dissolution of the Ministry of the Navy, the naval forces were reorganized under the Ministry of National Defense<ref name="Diyanet"/> and on 16 January 1928<ref name="DZKK Tarihce"/> the ''Undersecretariat of the Sea'' (''Deniz Müsteşarlığı'') was established in order to undertake the duties of the former Ministry of the Navy.<ref name="Cevat"/><!--[http://aksiyon.com.tr/aksiyon/haber-8042-34-bahriye-maresal-cakmaka-kirgin.html Erkan Acar, 'Bahriye, Mareşal Çakmak'a kırgın...'], ''Aksiyon'', 4 August 2001.---> With this new reorganization, the Turkish Fleet Command was put under the command of the [[Turkish General Staff]] in terms of administration and logistics.<ref name=historyTN/> On 2 November 1930, the ''Naval War College'' (''Deniz Harp Akademisi'') commenced training and education of Staff Officers at its facilities in the [[Yıldız Palace]].<ref name=historyTN/> During [[World War II]], the naval schools were temporarily relocated from [[Istanbul]] to [[Mersin]] for security reasons and conducted education and training activities in this city.<ref name=historyTN/>

In 1933, with the approval of the [[Turkish Grand National Assembly]], [[Gölcük, Kocaeli|Gölcük]] was designated as the main base of the Turkish Navy.<ref name=historyTN/> In the same year, the first new ship built at the [[Gölcük Naval Shipyard]], the tanker TCG ''Gölcük'', was laid down; and launched the following year.<ref name=historyTN/> With the signing of the [[Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits|Montreux Convention]] in 1936, Turkey's sovereignty over the [[Turkish Straits]] was internationally recognized, and ''Fortified Area Commands'' were founded on the [[Bosphorus]] and [[Dardanelles]] straits, with Naval Detachments assigned to these Commands.<ref name=historyTN/>

===Naval Forces Command===
The Turkish Naval Forces were represented under the title of the ''Naval Undersecreteriat'' at the Turkish General Staff Headquarters in Ankara from 1928 to 1949.<ref name=historyTN/> The historic decree of the Higher Military Council on 15 August 1949 led to the foundation of the Turkish Naval Forces Command (''Deniz Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı''.)<ref name=historyTN/> After Turkey joined [[NATO]] on 18 February 1952, the Turkish Naval Forces were integrated into the organizational branches of the alliance.<ref name=historyTN/>

==Structure==
[[File:TCG Anadolu (L-400) on the Bosphorus (cropped).jpg|thumb|350px|[[TCG Anadolu|TCG ''Anadolu'' (L-400)]] at the [[Bosporus]] [[strait]] during the naval parade for celebrating the [[Republic Day (Turkey)|centenary of the Turkish Republic]] on October 29, 2023. TCG ''Anadolu'' was commissioned on April 10, 2023.<ref name="Helfrich">{{cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/turkeys-drone-carrier-amphibious-assault-ship-enters-service|title=Turkey's 'Drone Carrier' Amphibious Assault Ship Enters Service|author=Emma Helfrich|website=thedrive.com|date=11 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.trtworld.com/video/strait-talk/turkish-navy-officially-welcomes-its-new-flagship-tcg-anadolu/64356f5e9d32a80017b0933d|title=Turkish Navy Officially Welcomes Its New Flagship, TCG Anadolu|publisher=[[TRT World]]|date=11 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://trthaberstatic.cdn.wp.trt.com.tr/resimler/2038000/tcg-anadolu-2038539.jpg|title=TCG Anadolu (L-400) at the Bosporus strait in Istanbul|publisher=[[TRT Haber]]|date=23 April 2023}}</ref> [[Baykar Bayraktar Kızılelma|Baykar MIUS Kızılelma]] is a [[jet engine|jet]]-powered [[UCAV]] designed to operate on TCG ''Anadolu''.<ref name="Helfrich"/><ref name="Baykar MIUS Official">{{cite web|url=https://baykartech.com/en/press/baykars-unmanned-fighter-aircraft-completes-first-flight/|title=Baykar's unmanned fighter aircraft completes first flight|website=baykartech.com|date=15 December 2022}}</ref><ref name="navalnews-01-05-2022"/>]]
[[File:TCG İstanbul (F-515) (cropped).jpg|thumb|350px|[[TCG Istanbul (F-515)|TCG ''Istanbul'' (F-515)]], the lead ship of the [[Istanbul-class frigate|''Istanbul''-class frigates]], at the [[Bosporus]] strait during the naval parade for celebrating the centenary of the Turkish Republic in 2023. Built as part of the [[MILGEM project]], the ''Istanbul''-class frigates use Turkish systems such as the [[Aselsan]] CENK 3D multi-beam [[Active electronically scanned array|AESA]] radar,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aselsan.com/en/defence/product/1904/cenk|title=CENK Long Range AESA Air & Surveillance Radar|website=aselsan.com|publisher=[[Aselsan]]}}</ref>
 [[Roketsan]] MİDLAS [[Vertical launching system|VLS]],<ref name="defensenews_2024-01-24">{{cite web|url=https://www.defensenews.com/industry/2024/01/24/turkey-inks-deal-to-replace-four-foreign-made-weapons-with-local-types/|title=Turkey inks deal to replace four foreign-made weapons with local types|author=Tayfun Ozberk|website=defensenews.com|date=24 January 2024}}</ref> [[Hisar (missile_family)#Hisar-RF|Sapan]] [[Surface-to-air missile|SAM]],<ref name="defensenews_2024-01-24"/> [[SİPER]] [[Surface-to-air missile|SAM]],<ref name="defensenews_2024-01-24"/> and [[Atmaca]] [[Surface-to-surface missile|SSM]].<ref name="defensenews_2024-01-24"/>]]

In 1961, the Turkish Naval Forces Command was organized into four main subordinate commands: The ''Turkish Fleet Command'', the ''Turkish Northern Sea Area Command'', the ''Turkish Southern Sea Area Command'' and the ''Turkish Naval Training Command''.<ref name=historyTN/> In 1995, the ''Turkish Naval Training Command'' was renamed as the ''Turkish Naval Training and Education Command.''<ref name=historyTN/>

=== Current Structure ===
*'''[[Fleet Command (Turkey)|Fleet Command]]''', [[Gölcük Naval Base]], [[Kocaeli Province|Kocaeli]]
**Surface Action Group Command, [[Gölcük Naval Base]], [[Kocaeli Province|Kocaeli]]
***Northern Task Group Command, [[Gölcük Naval Base]], [[Kocaeli Province|Kocaeli]]
***Western Task Group Command, [[Foça Naval Base|Foça]], [[İzmir]]
***Southern Task Group Command, [[Aksaz Naval Base|Aksaz]], [[Muğla]]
**Submarine Group Command, [[Gölcük Naval Base]], [[Kocaeli Province|Kocaeli]]
**Fast Patrol Boat Group Command, [[Istanbul|İstanbul]]
**Mine Warfare Group Command, [[Erdek Naval Base]], [[Balıkesir Province|Balıkesir]]
**Logistic Support Group Command, [[Gölcük Naval Base]], [[Kocaeli Province|Kocaeli]]
**Naval Aviation Group Command, [[Cengiz Topel Naval Air Station]], [[Kocaeli Province|Kocaeli]]
**[[Gölcük Naval Base|Gölcük Naval Base Command]], [[Kocaeli Province|Kocaeli]]
**[[Gölcük Naval Shipyard|Gölcük Naval Shipyard Command]], [[Kocaeli Province|Kocaeli]]
**Inventory Control Center Command, [[Kocaeli Province|Kocaeli]]
**Marine Supply Center Command, [[Kocaeli Province|Kocaeli]]
**Yıldızlar Surface Training Center, [[Gölcük, Kocaeli|Gölcük]], [[Kocaeli Province|Kocaeli]]
*'''Northern Sea Area Command''', [[Istanbul|İstanbul]]
**[[Bosporus|Istanbul Strait]] Command, [[Anadolukavağı]], [[Istanbul|İstanbul]]
**[[Dardanelles|Çanakkale Strait]] Command, [[Nara, Turkey|Nara]], [[Çanakkale]]
**[[Black Sea]] Area Command, [[Karadeniz Ereğli]], [[Zonguldak]]
**[[Underwater Search and Rescue Group Command (Turkey)|Underwater Search and Rescue Group Command]], [[Beykoz]], [[Istanbul|İstanbul]]
***[[Underwater searches|Rescue]] Group Command
***[[Underwater Defence Group Command]]
** Naval [[Hydrography]] and [[Oceanography]] Division Command, [[Çubuklu]], [[Istanbul|İstanbul]]
**[[Bartın Naval Base|Bartın Naval Base Command]], [[Bartın Province|Bartın]]
**Naval Museum Command, [[Beşiktaş]], [[Istanbul|İstanbul]]
**[[Pendik Naval Shipyard|Istanbul Naval Shipyard Command, Pendik]]
*'''Southern Sea Area Command''', [[İzmir]]
**Amphibious Task Group Command, [[Foça]], [[İzmir]]
***[[Amphibious Marine Brigade (Turkish Armed Forces)|Amphibious Marine Brigade Command]], [[Foça]], [[İzmir]]
***Amphibious Ships Command, [[Foça]], [[İzmir]]
**[[Aksaz Naval Base|Aksaz Naval Base Command]], [[Aksaz Naval Base]], [[Marmaris]]
**[[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] Area Command, [[Mersin]]
**[[Iskenderun Naval Base|İskenderun Naval Base Command]], [[İskenderun]], [[Hatay Province|Hatay]]
**[[Aegean Sea]] Area Command, [[İzmir]]
**[[Foça Naval Base|Foça Naval Base Command]], [[Foça]], [[İzmir]]
**Maintenance, Repair and Engineering Command, [[İzmir]]
*'''Naval Training and Education Command''', [[Istanbul|İstanbul]]
**Training Flotilla Commodore, [[Tuzla, Istanbul|Tuzla]], [[Istanbul|İstanbul]]
**Karamürselbey Training Center Command, [[Karamürsel]], [[Kocaeli Province|Kocaeli]]
**Derince Training Center Command, [[Derince]], [[Kocaeli Province|Kocaeli]]

=== Marines and Special Forces ===
The Turkish Navy maintains [[Marines|marine]], [[explosive ordnance disposal]] and [[special operations]] units such as:

*[[Amphibious Marine Brigade (Turkish Armed Forces)|Amphibious Marine Brigade Command]] – ({{langx|tr|Amfibi Deniz Piyade Tugayı Komutanlığı, AMFİBİ}}), (Subordinate to Amphibious Task Group Command)
*[[Underwater Defence (Turkish Armed Forces)|Underwater Defence Group Command]] – ({{langx|tr|Sualtı Savunma Grup Komutanlığı, SAS}}), (Subordinate to Rescue and Underwater Command)
*[[Underwater Offence (Turkish Armed Forces)|Underwater Offence Group Command]] – ({{langx|tr|Sualtı Taarruz Grup Komutanlığı, SAT}}), (Directly Subordinate to Naval Forces Operations Department)

==Equipment==
[[File:Deniz Hava Komutanlığı.jpg|thumb|upright|Naval Aviation Command]]
{{Further|List of active ships of the Turkish Naval Forces|List of equipment of the Turkish Naval Forces|Lists of ships of the Turkish Navy|List of miscellaneous ships of the Turkish Navy}}

==Modernisation programmes==
The Turkish Navy is currently undergoing several modernisation programmes to replace its ageing equipment. As of 2023, the major modernisation projects are as follows:

=== Ships & Submarines ===
==== TF-2000-class air defense destroyer ====

A total of 16 ships of three types ([[Ada-class corvette|''Ada''-class corvettes]], [[Istanbul-class frigate|''Istanbul''-class frigates]] and [[TF2000-class destroyer]]s) will be built within the scope of the National Ship ([[MILGEM project|MILGEM]]) project, which aims to meet the warship needs of the Turkish Navy through national means. The first five ships built within this scope, the corvettes [[TCG Heybeliada (F-511)]], [[TCG Büyükada (F-512)]], [[TCG Burgazada (F-513)]], [[TCG Kınalıada (F-514)]], and the frigate [[TCG Istanbul (F-515)]], have been delivered to the Naval Forces Command.

The design activities of the [[TF2000-class destroyer|TF-2000 class]] [[anti-air warfare|AAW]] [[destroyer]],<ref name="NavalNews_25.08.2021"/> the last phase of the MILGEM Project, was started by the Design Project Office (DPO) of the Turkish Navy in 2017.<ref name="NavalNews_25.08.2021">{{cite web|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/08/idef-2021-turkey-full-steam-ahead-with-tf-2000-air-defense-destroyer-project/|title=IDEF 2021: Turkey Full Steam Ahead with TF-2000 Air Defense Destroyer Project|author=Tayfun Özberk|website=navalnews.com|date=25 August 2021}}</ref> Initially four ships will be built, with the option to build up to eight in total.<ref name="NavalNews_25.08.2021"/> The first TF-2000 class destroyer is planned to be delivered to the Turkish Navy in 2027.<ref name="NavalNews_25.08.2021"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.turkishdefencenews.com/tf-2000-air-defence-warfare-adw-destroyer/|title=TF-2000 Air Defence Warfare (ADW) Destroyer &#124; Turkish Defence News}}</ref>

==== Istanbul-class frigate ====
The [[Istanbul-class frigate]] programme was launched to construct four frigates to replace the aging [[Yavuz-class frigate]]s in the mid-2020s. Developed under the [[MILGEM project|MILGEM]] indigenous warship program, the Istanbul-class is an enlarged variant of the [[Ada-class corvette|Ada-class]] anti-submarine warfare corvette. The ''Istanbul''-class frigates will have around 50% increased fuel capacity and operational range capability compared to the [[Ada-class corvette]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/01/turkey-launches-the-lead-ship-of-i-class-frigates-istanbul/|title=Turkey launches the lead ship of I-class frigates "Istanbul"|first=Tayfun|last=Ozberk|website=navalnews.com|date=23 January 2021}}</ref>

The first ''Istanbul''-class frigate, {{TCG|Istanbul|F-515}} was launched on 23 January 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/milli-firkateyn-istanbul-denize-indiriliyor/2114800 |title= Milli fırkateyn 'İstanbul' denize indiriliyor |website= aa.com.tr |publisher= [[Anadolu Agency]] |date= 17 January 2021 |language= turkish |first= Göksel |last= Yıldırım}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-kendi-savas-gemisini-tasarlayan-10-ulke-icinde-yer-aliyoruz/2120374 |title= Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan: Kendi savaş gemisini tasarlayan 10 ülke içinde yer alıyoruz |website= aa.com.tr |publisher= [[Anadolu Agency]] |date= 23 January 2021 |language= turkish }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/pg/foto-galeri/milgem-projesinin-5inci-gemisi-istanbul-f-515-firkateyninin-denize-inis-toreni |title= MİLGEM Projesi'nin 5'inci gemisi İstanbul (F-515) Fırkateyni'nin denize iniş töreni |website= aa.com.tr |publisher= [[Anadolu Agency]] |date= 23 January 2021 |language= turkish }}</ref> TCG ''Istanbul'' (F-515) was commissioned on 19 January 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mavi Vatan yerli ve milli sistemlerle korunacak|url=https://www.trthaber.com/haber/gundem/mavi-vatan-yerli-ve-milli-sistemlerle-korunacak-462027.html/amp|access-date=2021-03-12|website=www.trthaber.com|language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Sabah | first=Daily | title=Türkiye delivers new ships, sea drone in fresh bolster for navy | website=Daily Sabah | date=2024-01-19 | url=https://www.dailysabah.com/business/defense/turkiye-delivers-new-ships-sea-drone-in-fresh-bolster-for-navy | access-date=2024-01-21}}</ref>

The ''Istanbul''-class frigates use Turkish systems such as the [[Aselsan]] CENK 3D multi-beam [[Active electronically scanned array|AESA]] radar,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aselsan.com/en/defence/product/1904/cenk|title=CENK Long Range AESA Air & Surveillance Radar|website=aselsan.com|publisher=[[Aselsan]]}}</ref> [[Roketsan]] MİDLAS [[Vertical launching system|VLS]],<ref name="defensenews_2024-01-24"/> [[Hisar (missile_family)#Hisar-RF|Sapan]] [[Surface-to-air missile|SAM]],<ref name="defensenews_2024-01-24"/> [[SİPER]] [[Surface-to-air missile|SAM]],<ref name="defensenews_2024-01-24"/> and [[Atmaca]] [[Surface-to-surface missile|SSM]].<ref name="defensenews_2024-01-24"/>

==== Barbaros-class frigate modernisation ====
[[File:TCG Salihreis (F-246) (cropped).jpg|thumb|350px|TCG ''Salihreis'' (F-246) at the [[Dardanelles]] strait during the centenary of the [[Gallipoli campaign]] in 2015. The upgraded [[Barbaros-class frigate|''Barbaros''-class frigates]] are equipped with the [[SMART-S Mk2|SMART-S Mk2 3D radar]] and have two [[Mark 41 VLS|Mk. 41 Mod 8 VLS]] for 64 × [[RIM-162 ESSM]] and two Mk-141 launchers for 8 × [[RGM-84 Harpoon]].]]

On 3 April 2018, a contract was signed between the [[Aselsan]]–[[HAVELSAN]] joint venture and the Undersecretariat for Defense Industries (SSM) regarding the mid-life upgrade project of the [[Barbaros-class frigate|''Barbaros''-class frigates]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.milscint.com/tr/aselsan-ve-havelsan-is-ortakligi-barbaros-sinifi-firkateynlerin-modernizasyonunda-yer-alacak/ |title=Modernization of the Barbaros Class Frigates, MSI Turkish Defense Review (in Turkish) |access-date=2018-05-04 |archive-date=2019-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229202851/http://www.milscint.com/tr/aselsan-ve-havelsan-is-ortakligi-barbaros-sinifi-firkateynlerin-modernizasyonunda-yer-alacak/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://turkishnavy.net/2017/07/05/mid-life-modernisation-for-barbaros-class-frigates/ Mid-Life Modernisation For Barbaros Class Frigates, article in the website turkishnavy.net]</ref> The project includes the integration of new weapons systems, a new combat management system, and new radars and sensors; together with the replacement of the original mast with an integrated mast and various upgrades. All four ships in the class are included in this project. The project is scheduled to be completed by 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|last=ŞAHİN|first=ANIL|date=2020-01-11|title=Barbaros Sınıfı Fırkateyn Yarı Ömür Modernizasyonu Projesi|url=https://www.savunmasanayist.com/barbaros-sinifi-firkateyn-yari-omur-modernizasyon-projesi/|access-date=2020-08-20|website=SavunmaSanayiST|language=Turkish}}</ref>

The first two ''Barbaros''-class vessels (F-244, F-245) have received an 8-cell Mk41 vertical launcher system (VLS) module, which replaced the obsolete Mk.29 Sea Sparrow launcher, while the slightly longer ''Salihreis''-subclass vessels (F-246, F-247) have received a second 8-cell Mk 41 VLS module which brought the total number of cells to 16 (they can store a total of 64 [[RIM-162 ESSM]] missiles). Additionally, the old AWS-9 3D air search radars in all four vessels have been replaced by the [[SMART-S|SMART-S Mk2 3D radars]].

The mid-life modernisation program also projects to enhance EW capabilities, double the number of anti-ship missiles that the vessels are equipped with, while also replacing the [[Harpoon (missile)|Harpoon]] missiles by the locally designed and produced [[Atmaca|Atmaca anti-ship missiles]]. The project also includes the substitution of the [[Rheinmetall Air Defence|Oerlikon]] [[Sea Zenith]] [[Close-in weapon system|CIWS]] systems with one [[Phalanx CIWS]] and one [[Aselsan]] [[Aselsan GOKDENIZ|Gökdeniz CIWS]]; the replacement of the existing TACTICOS combat management system with the [[HAVELSAN|Havelsan]] "B-SYS Combat Management System", and the installation of a 127mm main gun to the frigates. Finally, against asymmetric threats that the vessels may face, 2x2 [[UMTAS|L/UMTAS]] launchers will be integrated to the frigates.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mid-Life Modernization for Turkish Navy's MEKO 200 Frigate|url=https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2020/january/7916-mid-life-modernization-for-turkish-navy-s-meko-200-frigate.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-12|website=www.navyrecognition.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812025928/http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2020/january/7916-mid-life-modernization-for-turkish-navy-s-meko-200-frigate.html |archive-date=2020-08-12 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ozberk|first=Tayfun|date=2021-01-11|title=MLU of Turkish Navy's Barbaros-class frigates Passes Critical Design Phase|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/01/mlu-of-turkish-navys-barbaros-class-frigates-passes-critical-design-phase/|access-date=2021-04-12|website=Naval News|language=en-US}}</ref>

==== G-class frigate modernisation ====
[[File:TCG Goksu (F-497) in the Mediterranean Sea 21 August 2023.jpg|thumb|350px|TCG ''Göksu'' (F-497) in the [[Mediterranean Sea]] on August 21, 2023. The [[G-class frigate]]s are equipped with the GENESIS combat management system, [[SMART-S Mk2|SMART-S Mk2 3D radar]] and [[Mark 41 Vertical Launching System|Mk. 41 VLS]], which has been installed in front of the [[Mark 13 missile launcher|Mk. 13 GMLS]].]]

The [[G-class frigate]]s of the Turkish Navy have undergone a major modernisation program which included the retrofitting of a Turkish digital combat management system named GENESIS (''Gemi Entegre Savaş İdare Sistemi'').<ref>[http://www.ssm.gov.tr/home/projects/Sayfalar/proje.aspx?projeID=48 Ship Integrated Combat Management System (GENESIS)], Undersecretariat for Defence Industries, Turkey</ref> The system was designed and implemented jointly by the Turkish Navy and [[HAVELSAN]], a Turkish electronic hardware systems and software company.<ref>[http://www.raytheon.com/businesses/rtnwcm/groups/public/documents/content/rtn09_bus_genesis_pdf.pdf] {{dead link|date=October 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> The GENESIS upgraded ships were delivered between 2007 and 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dzkk.tsk.tr/turkce/MODERNIZASYON.php?strAnaFrame=modernizasyon&strIFrame=genesis_projesi |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-11-16 |archive-date=2013-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921151924/http://www.dzkk.tsk.tr/turkce/MODERNIZASYON.php?strAnaFrame=modernizasyon&strIFrame=genesis_projesi |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.afcea.org/content/turkeys-defense-industry-matures|title=Turkey's Defense Industry Matures|date=24 August 2010|newspaper=Afcea International|access-date=23 November 2021}}</ref>

The GENESIS advanced combat management system has the capacity of tracking more than 1,000 tactical targets, thanks to its digital sensor data fusion, automatic threat evaluation, weapon engagement opportunities and [[Link-16]]/[[Link 22|22]] system integration.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dzkk.tsk.tr/tdgg/genesys.php |title=Turkish Maritime Task Group |access-date=2010-11-16 |archive-date=2012-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304223000/http://www.dzkk.tsk.tr/tdgg/genesys.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> 

The modernisation program also includes the addition of an 8-cell [[Vertical launching system|Mk.41 VLS]] for [[RIM-162 ESSM]], together with the upgrade of the Mk-92 [[fire control system]] by [[Lockheed Martin]];<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/albuquerque/stories/2009/02/16/daily15.html|title=Lockheed Martin to upgrade weapons systems on Turkish frigates|website=Bizjournals.com|access-date=23 November 2021}}</ref> the retrofitting of the [[SMART-S|SMART-S Mk2 3D air search radar]] which replaced the [[AN/SPS-49]];<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rwJ7fyvexGc|title=Bayraktar Kızılelma: Maiden Flight|publisher=Baykar Technologies|date=14 December 2022}}</ref> and the addition of a new long range [[sonar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/mk-41-naval-vertical-missile-launch-systems-delivered-supported-updated-02139/|title=MK 41 Naval Vertical Missile Launch Systems Delivered|website=Defenseindustrydaily.com|access-date=23 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-turkey-lockheed-idUKN0938198620080409|title=US approves $227 mln Lockheed arms sale to Turkey|date=9 April 2008|access-date=23 November 2021|website=Reuters.com}}</ref>

The Mk.41 vertical launching system (VLS) has been fitted in front of the [[Mk 13 missile launcher|Mk.13 launcher]]. TCG ''Gediz'' was the first ship in the class to receive the Mk.41 VLS installation.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Alemdar |first=Ahmet |date=2022-01-01 |title=VURAN zırhlı aracı Amfibi Deniz Piyadelerinin hizmetine girdi |url=https://www.defenceturk.net/vuran-zirhli-araci-amfibi-deniz-piyadelerinin-hizmetine-girdi |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=DefenceTurk |language=tr}}</ref>

The G-class frigates of the Turkish Navy were also modified with the [[Aircraft Ship Integrated Secure and Traverse|ASIST]] landing platform system at the Istanbul Naval Shipyard, so that they can accommodate the [[Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk|S-70B Seahawk]] helicopter in all types of weather conditions.

==== Preveze-class submarine modernisation ====
[[File:US Navy 050624-N-1464F-025 The Turkish submarine Preveze surfaces following the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) submarine escape and rescue exercise Sorbet Royal 2005.jpg|thumb|350px|[[Type 209 submarine|TCG ''Preveze'' (S-353)]] surfaces at the [[Gulf of Taranto]] during the NATO exercise ''Sorbet Royal 2005'']]

Half-life Modernisation Project of [[Preveze-class submarine]] covers the modernisation of TCG Preveze (S-353), TCG Sakarya (S-354), TCG 18 Mart (S-355) and TCG Anafartalar (S-356) submarines in the inventory of the Naval Forces Command. Modernisation activities are carried out by STM-ASELSAN-HAVELSAN and ASFAT Partnership.

In the modernisation process, it is planned to carry out the procurement activities of Inertial Navigation System, Salinity-Depth-Density Measurement System, Floating Antenna, Satellite Communication Mast, Assault and Navigation Periscope System, Emergency Underwater Communication System, Cooled Water System, Static Converter and Air Freshening System by STM.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stm.com.tr/our-solutions/naval-engineering/turkish-navy-type-209-1400-preveze-class-submarine|title=STM – Turkish Navy Type 209-1400 PREVEZE Class Submarine|website=STM}}</ref>

==== Reis-class submarine ====
The [[Type 214 submarine|Reis-class submarine]] class vessels are the first submarines in the Turkish Navy with [[air-independent propulsion]] (AIP), which is made possible by fuel cell technology. The submarines can also deploy heavyweight torpedoes and anti-ship missiles, and lay mines against targets, both at sea and on land.
Apart from Piri Reis, five more submarines of the project are expected to be commissioned by 2027. The sea trials of the first submarine of the class, Piri Reis, began on 6 December 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.savunmatr.com/piri-reis-denizaltisinin-deniz-testleri-basladi|title=Piri Reis denizaltısının deniz testleri başladı|website=savunmatr.com|date=9 December 2022}}</ref> The outfitting of the project's second submarine Hızır Reis and the hull production phases of two other vessels are ongoing.
In 2015, [[Gölcük Naval Shipyard]] commenced a 10-year programme to build six Type 214 submarines, locally known as the Reis-class submarines, with technology from [[ThyssenKrupp|Thyssen-Krupp Marine Systems]] of Germany.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.defenseworld.net/news/26051/Turkey_Launches_Submarine_with_Air_independent_Propulsion#.YDqs1VX7TIV|title=Turkey Launches Submarine with Air-independent Propulsion|website=www.defenseworld.net}}</ref>

=== Aircraft, UAVs & UCAVs ===
[[File:Baykar Bayraktar Kızılelma 2.png|thumb|350px|The [[Baykar Bayraktar Kızılelma|Baykar MIUS Kızılelma]] is a jet-powered,<ref name="Baykar MIUS Official"/> low-observable,<ref name="defenceturk">{{Cite web|last=Azman|first=Kaan|date=2021-08-04|title=Selçuk Bayraktar'dan Muharip İnsansız Uçak Sistemi üzerine açıklamalar |url=https://www.defenceturk.net/selcuk-bayraktardan-muharip-insansiz-ucak-sistemi-uzerine-aciklamalar |access-date=2021-08-09 |website=DefenceTurk |language=tr}}</ref> supersonic,<ref name="asia-nikkei">{{Cite web |title=Ascendant and assertive Turkey creates tough choices for US |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Ascendant-and-assertive-Turkey-creates-tough-choices-for-US |access-date=2021-08-09 |website=Nikkei Asia |language=en-GB}}</ref> carrier-capable<ref name="naval-news">{{Cite web |last=Ozberk |first=Tayfun |date=2021-07-22 |title=Turkey to deploy MIUS unmanned combat aircraft from LHD Anadolu |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/07/turkey-to-deploy-mius-unmanned-combat-aircraft-from-lhd-anadolu/|access-date=2021-08-09 |website=Naval News |language=en-US}}</ref> [[UCAV]] designed to operate on [[TCG Anadolu|TCG ''Anadolu'']].<ref name="Helfrich"/><ref name="navalnews-01-05-2022"/><ref name="Baykar MIUS Official"/><ref name="Scramble"/><ref name="Baykar_05.06.2023"/>]]
==== Baykar MIUS Kızılelma UCAV ====

Developed for the Turkish Navy and Turkish Air Force as part of Project MIUS, the jet-engined [[Baykar Bayraktar Kızılelma|Baykar Kızılelma]] [[UCAV]] is designed to operate on [[TCG Anadolu|TCG ''Anadolu'']].<ref name="Baykar MIUS Official"/><ref name="Helfrich"/><ref name="navalnews-01-05-2022">{{cite web|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/05/here-is-how-uavs-will-be-recovered-aboard-tcg-anadolu/|title=Here Is How UAVs Will Be Recovered Aboard TCG Anadolu|website=navalnews.com|publisher=Naval News|author=Tayfun Özberk|date=1 May 2022}}</ref> Its maiden flight took place on 14 December 2022.<ref name="Baykar MIUS Official"/><ref name="Scramble">{{Cite web |last=Herk |first=Hans van |title=Kızılelma takes to the sky! |url=https://www.scramble.nl/military-news/k-z-lelma-takes-to-the-sky |date=14 December 2022 |website=www.scramble.nl |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="Baykar_05.06.2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IxVpXGf8e8I|title=Bayraktar Kızılelma's Formation Flights — A First in Aviation History|publisher=Baykar Technologies|date=5 June 2023}}</ref>

==== Bayraktar TB3 UCAV ====
In February 2021, chairman of the Presidency of Defense Industries (SSB) Ismail Demir made public a [[Baykar Bayraktar TB3|new type of UAV]] being developed by Baykar that is planned to be stationed to Turkey's first [[amphibious assault ship]], [[TCG Anadolu]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=SABAH|first=DAILY|date=2021-03-25|title=Turkey's TCG Anadolu to allow drones to land, takeoff in global 1st|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/business/defense/turkeys-tcg-anadolu-to-allow-drones-to-land-takeoff-in-global-1st|access-date=2021-05-11|website=Daily Sabah|language=en-US}}</ref> The new aircraft being developed is a naval version of the Bayraktar TB2 equipped with a local engine developed by [[Tusaş Engine Industries|TEI]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=AA|first=DAILY SABAH WITH|date=2020-10-30|title=Local engines to power Turkey's cutting-edge combat drones|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/business/defense/local-engines-to-power-turkeys-cutting-edge-combat-drones|access-date=2021-05-11|website=Daily Sabah|language=en-US}}</ref> According to the initial plans the ship was expected to be equipped with [[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II|F-35B]] fighter jets but following the removal of Turkey from the procurement program, the vessel got into a modification process to be able to accommodate UAVs. Mr. Demir stated that between 30 and 50 folding-winged Bayraktar TB3 UAVs will be able to land and take off using the deck of Anadolu.<ref name="Baykar TB3 Official">{{cite web|url=https://baykartech.com/en/bayraktar-tb3/|title=Bayraktar TB3|website=baykartech.com|accessdate=9 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="navalnews-01-05-2022"/><ref>{{Cite web|last=Axe|first=David|title=Behold The Turkish Navy's Drone Aircraft Carrier|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2021/05/10/behold-the-turkish-navys-drone-aircraft-carrier/|access-date=2021-05-11|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref><ref name="dailysabah.com">{{Cite web  |date=25 March 2021|title=Turkey's TCG Anadolu to allow drones to land, takeoff in global 1st|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/business/defense/turkeys-tcg-anadolu-to-allow-drones-to-land-takeoff-in-global-1st|access-date=10 May 2021|website=Daily Sabah|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |date=30 October 2020|title=Local engines to power Turkey's cutting-edge combat drones |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/business/defense/local-engines-to-power-turkeys-cutting-edge-combat-drones|access-date=10 May 2021|website=Daily Sabah|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-05|title=Bayraktar TB3 to perform maiden flight in 2022 |url=https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2021/09/06/bayraktar-tb3-to-perform-maiden-flight-in-2022/|access-date=2021-09-06|website=Global Defense Corp|language=en-US}}</ref>

===USVs===
==== ULAQ====
[[ULAQ (AUSV)|ULAQ]] is the first indigenous and locally developed Armed [[Unmanned surface vehicle|Unmanned Surface Vehicle]] (AUSV). The vehicle is being developed by a joint venture between [[Ares Shipyard]] and [[Meteksan Savunma|METEKSAN]]. The vessel is planned to be equipped with four [[Roketsan Cirit|Cirit]] and two [[UMTAS|L-UMTAS]] [[Anti-tank guided missile|anti-tank missile]] systems provided by [[ROKETSAN|Roketsan]]. Moreover, ULAQ is projected to have a 400-kilometer-long cruising range with 65&nbsp;km per hour maximum speed. The vessel is planned to be operated in missions such as reconnaissance, surveillance and intelligence, surface warfare, asymmetric warfare, armed escort and force protection, and strategic facility security.<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 May 2021|title=Meteksan unveils a new version of ULAQ vessel|url=https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/naval-news/naval-news-archive/2021/may/10090-meteksan-unveils-a-new-version-of-ulaq-asw-vessel.html|access-date=2021-05-11|website=www.navyrecognition.com}}</ref> Currently, the project is undergoing sea trials and will start to fire tests through the third quarter of 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=SABAH|first=DAILY|date=2021-02-12|title=Turkey's 1st unmanned marine craft begins trial trips|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/business/defense/turkeys-1st-unmanned-marine-craft-begins-trial-trips|access-date=2021-05-11|website=Daily Sabah|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Turkey launches its first armed unmanned marine vehicle prototype|url=https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/turkey-launches-its-first-armed-unmanned-marine-vehicle-prototype-42415|access-date=2021-05-11|website=Turkey launches its first armed unmanned marine vehicle prototype|language=en}}</ref> First firing test of the vessel was completed on 26 May 2021 by destroying a designated target with Roketsan Cirit Missile.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-27|title=Armed Unmanned Marine Vehicle ULAQ Accurately Hit|url=https://raillynews.com/2021/05/armed-unmanned-naval-vessel-ulaq-hit-with-full-hit/|access-date=2021-05-27|website=RayHaber {{!}} RaillyNews|language=en}}</ref>

====TCB Marlin====
{{Main|TCB Marlin SİDA}}
At a ceremony held on 9 January 2024, she entered servis in the Turkish Naval Forces as the first Armed USV with the [[hull number]] TCB-1101 and name  ''Marlin'' SİDA.{{cn|date=February 2024|reason=Removed unreliable source}}

== Istanbul Naval Museum ==
[[File:IstanbulNavalMuseum38.JPG|thumb|350px|Late 16th or early 17th century [[Ottoman Navy|Ottoman]] [[galley]] known as ''[[Tarihi Kadırga]]'' at the [[Istanbul Naval Museum]], built in the period between the reigns of Sultan [[Murad III]] (1574–1595) and Sultan [[Mehmed IV]] (1648–1687),<ref name="tarihikadirga1"/><ref name="tarihikadirga2"/> as evidenced by [[AMS radiocarbon dating]] and [[Dendrochronology|dendrochronological research]].<ref name="tarihikadirga2"/> She is the only surviving original galley in the world,<ref name="tarihikadirga1"/><ref name="tarihikadirga3">{{Cite web |title=Cornucopia Magazine |url=https://www.cornucopia.net/guide/listings/museums/naval-museum/ |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=www.cornucopia.net}}</ref> with the oldest continuously maintained wooden hull.<ref name="tarihikadirga4"/>]]

The [[Istanbul Naval Museum]] is located in the [[Beşiktaş]] district of [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]]. It was established in 1897 by the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] Minister of the Navy (''Bahriye Nazırı'') [[Bozcaadalı Hasan Hüsnü Pasha]].<ref name="Salzman">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jVURdQhlYp8C&pg=PA1670|title=The World of Learning 2004|first=Europa Europa|last=Publications|date=28 January 2003|publisher=Taylor & Francis Group|isbn=9781857431827 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-INT/skylife/2006/july/articles/besiktas-maritime-museum.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930081312/http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-INT/skylife/2006/july/articles/besiktas-maritime-museum.aspx |archive-date=2012-09-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The museum contains an important collection of military artifacts pertaining to the [[Ottoman Navy]].<ref name="Salzman"/> In the maritime field, it is Turkey's largest museum, with a great variety of collections. Around 20,000 pieces are present in its collection, including the late 16th or early 17th century [[Ottoman Navy]] [[galley]] known as ''[[Tarihi Kadırga]]'', built in the period between the reigns of Sultan [[Murad III]] (1574–1595) and Sultan [[Mehmed IV]] (1648–1687),<ref name="tarihikadirga1">{{Cite web |date=2021-11-24 |title=The Historical Galley |url=https://denizmuzesi.dzkk.tsk.tr/index.php/en/content/2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008120739/https://denizmuzesi.dzkk.tsk.tr/index.php/en/content/2 |archive-date=8 October 2021 |website=denizmuzesi.dzkk.tsk.tr}}</ref><ref name="tarihikadirga2">{{Cite web|title=Liphschitz, N., 2014. The Kadirga galley in Istanbul – The Turkish Sultan's Caique: A dendrohistorical research. In: Environment and Ecology in the Mediterranean Region II (eds. R. Efe and M. Ozturk). Cambridge Scholars Pub. Pp.39–48. Cambridge.|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304623376}}</ref> as evidenced by [[AMS radiocarbon dating]] and [[Dendrochronology|dendrochronological research]].<ref name="tarihikadirga2"/> She is the only surviving original galley in the world,<ref name="tarihikadirga1"/><ref name="tarihikadirga3"/> and has the world's oldest continuously maintained wooden hull.<ref name="tarihikadirga4">{{Cite web|title=Center for Maritime Archaeology and Conservation – Texas A&M University|url=https://nautarch.tamu.edu/cmac/report1.shtml|access-date=2021-11-24|website=nautarch.tamu.edu}}</ref>

Being connected to the Turkish Naval Forces Command, it is also the country's first military museum.<ref name="dm" />

In the early 21st century a new exhibition building was constructed. The construction began in 2008, and the building was reopened on 4 October 2013. It has two floors above ground level and one basement floor, all covering {{convert|20000|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}.<ref name="dm"/>

The basement consists of diverse items like [[figurehead]]s, ornaments of naval ships, ship models, and pieces of the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] chain that was used for blocking the entrance of the [[Golden Horn]] during the [[Fall of Constantinople|Ottoman conquest of Constantinople (Istanbul)]] in 1453. In the first and second floors, a large number of imperial and other [[caïque]]s are exhibited.{{fact|date=August 2024}}

Many exhibition items underwent special restoration and conservation works due to deformation of the raw materials caused by heat, light, humidity, atmospheric conditions, vandalism and other factors.<ref name="dm">{{cite web |url=http://www.denizmuzeleri.tsk.tr/en/idmk/default.asp |publisher=Deniz Müzeleri |title=Main Page |access-date=2014-11-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111121021/http://www.denizmuzeleri.tsk.tr/en/idmk/default.asp |archive-date=2014-11-11 }}</ref>

==Insignia==
{{main|Ranks of the Turkish Navy}}

{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"
{{Ranks and Insignia of NATO Navies/OF/Blank}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of NATO Navies/OF/Turkey}}
|-
|}
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"
{{Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armies/OR/Blank}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of NATO Navies/OR/Turkey}}
|}
* Non-Turkish speakers might like to know that OF3, OF2, and OR2 literally translates as "Head of 1000", "Head of 100", and "Head of 10", respectively.

==See also==
* [[Turkish Armed Forces]]
* [[Turkish Land Forces]]
* [[Turkish Air Force]]
* [[Lists of ships of the Turkish Navy]]
* [[Ottoman Navy]]
* [[List of commanders of the Turkish Naval Forces]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Navies of Turkey}}
* [http://www.dzkk.tsk.tr/denizweb/english/homepage.php Turkish Navy] – Official website
* [http://www.denizmuzeleri.tsk.tr/en/idmk/ Turkish Naval Museum] – Official website
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101225070935/http://ijnhonline.org/volume1_number1_Apr02/article_guvenc_turkey_navy.doc.htm Serhat Guvenc, "Building a Republican Navy in Turkey: 1924–1939", ''International Journal of Naval History'']
* [http://www.ssm.gov.tr/home/projects/naval/Sayfalar/default.aspx Undersecretariat for Defence Industries]

{{Military of Turkey}}
{{Allied Maritime Command}}
{{Asia topic|Navy of|title=Navies of Asia}}
{{Navies in Europe}}
{{Black Sea Naval Co-operation Task Group (BLACKSEAFOR)}}

[[Category:Turkish Naval Forces| ]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1920]]

[[he:היסטוריה של הצי העות'מאני]]