View source for Shōhō

{{Short description|Period of Japanese history (1644–1648)}}
{{for|the aircraft carrier|Japanese aircraft carrier Shōhō}}
{{History of Japan |image=Shoso-in.jpg |caption=[[Shōsōin]]}}

{{nihongo|'''Shōhō'''|正保}} was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era name]]|年号|''nengō''|"year name"}} after ''[[Kan'ei]]'' and before ''[[Keian]]''. This period spanned the years from December 1644 through February 1648.<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Shōhō''" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA881  ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 881]; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120524174828/http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 |date=2012-05-24 }}.</ref> The reigning emperor was {{nihongo|[[Emperor Go-Kōmyō|Go-Kōmyō]]''-tennō''|後光明天皇}}.<ref name="t412">Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Cg8oAAAAMAAJ&q=editions:OCLC63259938  ''Annales des empereurs du japon'', p. 412.]</ref>

==Change of era==
* '''1644''' {{nihongo|''Shōhō gannen''|正保元年}}: The era name was changed to Shōhō to mark the enthronement of the new emperor [[Emperor Go-Komyo of Japan|Go-Kōmyō]]. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Kan'ei'' 21, on the 16th day of the 12th month.<ref name="hallxx">Hall, John Whitney. ''The Cambridge History of Japan.'' p. xx.</ref>

==Events of the ''Shōhō'' era==
* '''1644''' (''Shōhō 1''): The third major map of Japan was ordered by the [[Tokugawa Shogunate]]—the first having been completed in ''[[Keichō]]'' 10—at a scale of 1:432,000 (based on maps of the provinces drawn to a scale of 1:21,600).<ref>Traganeou, Jilly. (2004). ''The [[Tōkaidō (road)|Tokaido Road]]: Traveling and Representation in Edo and Meiji Japan'', p. 230.</ref>
* '''May 18, 1645''' (''Shōhō 2, 23rd day of the 4th month'')<!-- NengoCalc 正保二年四月二十三日  -->: The Shōgun was elevated the court role of {{nihongo|Middle Counselor|中納言|''Chūnaigon''}}.<ref name="t412"/>
* '''June 13, 1645''' (''Shōhō 2, 19th day of the 5th month'')<!-- NengoCalc 正保二年五月十九日  -->: Death of [[Miyamoto Musashi]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}}
* '''December 1645''' (''Shōhō 3''): Death of [[Takuan Sōhō]], a leading figure in the Zen reform movement.<ref name="hallxx"/>
* '''January 18, 1646''' (''Shōhō 2, 2nd day of the 12th month'')<!-- NengoCalc 正保二年十二月二日  -->: Death of [[Hosokawa Tadaoki]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}}
* '''May 11, 1646''' (''Shōhō 3, 26th day of the 3rd month''): Death of [[Yagyū Munenori]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}}
* '''1648''' (''Shōhō 6''): The shogunate issues a legal code governing the lives of commoners in Edo.<ref name="hallxx"/>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* [[John Whitney Hall|Hall, John Whitney]]. (1997). ''The Cambridge History of Japan: Early Modern Japan''. Cambridge: [[Cambridge University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-521-22355-3}}; {{OCLC|174552485}}
* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia''. Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48943301/editions?editionsView=true&referer=br OCLC 48943301]
* [[Timon Screech|Screech, Timon]]. (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=BLzQA7cpr7wC ''Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822''.] London: [[RoutledgeCurzon]]. {{ISBN|978-0-203-09985-8}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/65177072 OCLC 65177072]
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac]]. (1834). ''[[Nihon Ōdai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon''.]  Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691]
* Traganeou, Jilly. (2004). ''The [[Tōkaidō (road)|Tokaido Road]]: Traveling and Representation in Edo and Meiji Japan''. London: [[RoutledgeCurzon]]. {{ISBN|0-415-31091-1}}

==External links==
* [[National Diet Library]], "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]
* National Archives of Japan [http://jpimg.digital.archives.go.jp/jpg_prg/jgmWeb?%TmpFileDisp%env=jpeg2k_images/ezu/shoho_edozu_e.env map of Edo in the 1st or 2nd year of ''Shōhō'' (1644 or 1645)]{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| before = {{nihongo|[[Kan'ei]]|寛永}}
| title = [[Japanese era name|Era or ''nengō'']]<br>{{nihongo|Shōhō|正保}}
| years = 1644–1648
| after = {{nihongo|[[Keian]]|慶安}}
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Japanese era name}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shoho}}
[[Category:Japanese eras]]
[[Category:1640s in Japan]]