View source for Richmond Park

{{Short description|Royal Park in London, England}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2012}}
{{Infobox SSSI
|image=Isabella Plantation, Richmond Park, London - April 2011.jpg
|image_caption=[[Isabella Plantation]], Richmond Park
|name= Richmond Park
|aos= [[Greater London]], England, United Kingdom
|interest= Biological, historical
|gridref={{gbmappingsmall| TQ2073 }}
|area= 2360 acres (955 hectares)<ref name="Hansard"/>
|notifydate=1992
|map=[http://magic.defra.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx?startTopic=Designations&activelayer=sssiIndex&query=HYPERLINK%3D%271002388%27   ''Magic Map'']
}}

'''Richmond Park''', in the [[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]], is the largest of [[Royal Parks of London|London's Royal Parks]] and is of national and international importance for wildlife conservation.  It was created by [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] in the 17th century<ref name= Pastscape>{{PastScape|mnumber=397979|mname=Richmond Park|date = 2015|access-date=3 May 2015}}</ref> as a [[Deer park (England)|deer park]]. It is now a [[national nature reserves in England|national nature reserve]], a [[Site of Special Scientific Interest]] and a [[Special Area of Conservation]] and is included, at Grade I, on [[Historic England]]'s [[Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of special historic interest in England]]. Its landscapes have inspired many famous artists and it has been a location for several films and TV series.

[[File:Richmond Park understorey.jpg|thumb|The park is a [[national nature reserve (United Kingdom)|national nature reserve]].]]
[[File:Two deer at Richmond Park, London.jpg|thumb|[[Fallow deer]] in Richmond Park]]
[[File:Richmond Park, Beverley Brook - geograph.org.uk - 676367.jpg|thumb|[[Beverley Brook]] in the park]]
[[File:Adam's Pond, Richmond Park - geograph.org.uk - 1453459.jpg|thumb|Adams Pond]]

Richmond Park includes many buildings of architectural or historic interest. The [[Listed building|Grade I-listed]] [[White Lodge]] was [[List of British royal residences#Current royal residences|formerly a royal residence]] and is now home to the [[Royal Ballet School#White Lodge|Royal Ballet School]]. The park's boundary walls and ten other buildings are listed at Grade II, including [[Pembroke Lodge]], the home of 19th-century British Prime Minister Lord [[John Russell, 1st Earl Russell|John Russell]] and his grandson, the philosopher [[Bertrand Russell]]. In 2020, Historic England also listed two other features in the park – King Henry's Mound which is possibly a [[round barrow]]<ref name="King Henry's listing">{{National Heritage List for England |num=1457267|desc=King Henry VIII's Mound, Richmond Park|access-date= 8 June 2020|date=27 May 2020}}</ref> and another (unnamed) mound which could be a [[long barrow]].<ref name="Mound listing">{{National Heritage List for England |num=1457269|desc=Mound at TQ1891972117, Richmond Park|access-date= 8 June 2020|date=16 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Ancient">{{Cite press release |title=Ancient Burial Mounds in London's Richmond Park Protected |date=31 May 2020 |publisher=[[Historic England]] |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/whats-new/news/ancient-burial-mounds-richmond-park-protected/ |access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref><ref name="Protected BBC">{{Cite news |date=1 June 2020 |title=King Henry VIII's Mound protected as scheduled monument |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-52879650 |access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref>

Historically the preserve of the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|monarch]], the park is now open for all to use and includes a [[golf course]] and other facilities for sport and recreation. It played an important role in both [[world war]]s and in the [[1948 Summer Olympics|1948]] and [[2012 Summer Olympics]].
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==Overview==

===Size===
Richmond Park is the largest of London's Royal Parks.<ref name="TRP">{{cite web | url=https://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks| title=London's Royal Parks | publisher=[[The Royal Parks]] | access-date=4 July 2024}}</ref> It is the second-largest park in London (after the {{cvt|10000|acre}} [[Lee Valley Park]], whose linear shaped area extends beyond the [[M25 motorway|M25]] into [[Hertfordshire]] and [[Essex]]) and is Britain's second-largest urban walled park after [[Sutton Park, West Midlands|Sutton Park]],<ref name= "Hansard">{{cite Hansard |jurisdiction= |title=Royal Parks |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200102/cmhansrd/vo020207/text/20207w18.htm |house=Commons |date=7 Feb 2002 |column_start=1113W |column_end=1114W}}</ref> [[Birmingham]].
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Comparison of areas
!rowspan=2|Name of park!!rowspan=2|City!!colspan=2|Area!!rowspan=2 class="unsortable"|Notes
|-
!Hectares!!Acres
|-style="background:#DDFFDD;"
|Richmond Park||London||955||2,360<ref name= "Hansard"/>||
|-
|[[Bois de Vincennes]]||[[Paris]]||995||2,458<ref name=ParisDigest>{{Cite web |url= https://www.parisdigest.com/paris-gardens/bois-de-vincennes.htm|title= Bois de Vincennes. Chateau. Zoo.| year=2018 |publisher=Paris Digest |access-date=28 November 2018}}</ref>||
|-
|[[Bois de Boulogne]]||Paris||846||2,090<ref>{{cite book |author= Dominique Jarrassé |title=Grammaire des jardins Parisiens | publisher=Parigramme |date=2007 |language=fr |isbn=978-2-84096-476-6 |ol=OL21422234M}}</ref>||
|-
|[[Casa de Campo]]||[[Madrid]]||1750||4,324<ref>{{cite web|last1=Instituto Geográfico Nacional (Spain)|title=Visor cartográfico Iberpix|url=http://www2.ign.es/iberpix/visoriberpix/visorign.html|access-date=20 July 2014|author1-link=Instituto Geográfico Nacional (Spain)}}</ref>||
|-
|[[Central Park]]||[[New York City]]||341||843<ref>{{cite web|title=Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://www.centralpark.com/guide/faq.html |website=CentralPark.com |access-date=30 August 2020|date=8 September 2017}}</ref>||
|}

===Status===
Of national and international importance for wildlife conservation, most of Richmond Park (856 hectares; 2115 acres) is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://magic.defra.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx?startTopic=Designations&activelayer=sssiIndex&query=HYPERL|publisher= [[Natural England]]|title= Map of Richmond Park SSSI|access-date = 1 June 2023}}</ref><ref name= "SSSI"/> a National Nature Reserve (NNR)<ref name=NNR>{{cite web |url= https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/greater-londons-national-nature-reserves/londons-national-nature-reserves|title= London's National Nature Reserves |publisher= [[Natural England]]|date= 12 November 2021|access-date=12 February 2024}}</ref> and a Special Area of Conservation (SAC).<ref name="JNCC">{{cite web | url= https://sac.jncc.gov.uk/site/UK0030246 | title=Richmond Park | publisher=[[Joint Nature Conservation Committee]] | access-date=26 October 2023}}</ref><ref name="Management Plan 16-29">{{cite web | url=https://www.royalparks.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/41767/richmond-park-management-plan.pdf | title=Strategic Framework | publisher=[[The Royal Parks]] | work=Richmond Park Management Plan | date=January 2008 | access-date=2 February 2015 | archive-date=2 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202164014/https://www.royalparks.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/41767/richmond-park-management-plan.pdf }}</ref> The largest Site of Special Scientific Interest in London, it was designated as an SSSI in 1992,<ref name="SSSI">{{cite web | url=https://www.frp.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/RICHMOND-PARK-DESIGNATIONS-NNR-SSSI-SAC-and-Listed-Buildings.pdf| title=Richmond Park Designations | publisher=Friends of Richmond Park | date=January 2019 | access-date=31 July 2023}}</ref> excluding the area of the golf course, Pembroke Lodge Gardens and the Gate Gardens.<ref name="Management Plan 16-29"/> In its citation, [[Natural England]] said: "Richmond Park has been managed as a royal deer park since the seventeenth century, producing a range of habitats of value to wildlife. In particular, Richmond Park is of importance for its diverse deadwood beetle fauna associated with the ancient trees found throughout the parkland. In addition the park supports the most extensive area of dry acid grassland in Greater London."<ref name="SSSI"/>

The park was designated as an SAC in April 2005 because it has "a large number of ancient trees with decaying timber. It is at the heart of the south London centre of distribution for [[stag beetle]] ''Lucanus cervus'', and is a site of national importance for the conservation of the fauna of invertebrates associated with the decaying timber of ancient trees".<ref name="SAC selection">{{cite web | url=https://sac.jncc.gov.uk/site/UK0030246 | title=Richmond Park | publisher=[[Joint Nature Conservation Committee]] | work=SAC selection | date=2005 | access-date=12 May 2023}}</ref>

Since October 1987 the park has also been included, at Grade I, on the [[Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England]], being described in [[Historic England]]'s listing as "A royal deer park with pre C15 origins, imparked by Charles I and improved by subsequent monarchs. A public open space since the mid C19".<ref name="Listed">{{NHLE|num=1000828|desc=Richmond Park|date = 1 October 1987|access-date=24 June 2017}}</ref>

===Geography===
Richmond Park is located in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. It is close to [[Richmond, London|Richmond]], [[Ham, London|Ham]], [[Petersham, London|Petersham]], [[Kingston upon Thames]], [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]], [[Roehampton]] and [[East Sheen]].<ref name= "Hansard"/>

{{Geographic Location
|title = '''Destinations from Richmond Park'''
|Northwest = [[Richmond, London|Richmond]]
|North     = [[East Sheen]], [[Mortlake]]
|Northeast = [[Roehampton]]
|West      = [[Petersham, London|Petersham]], [[Ham, London|Ham]]
|Centre    = Richmond Park
|East      = [[Wimbledon Common]]
|Southwest = [[Kingston upon Thames]]
|South     = [[Kingston upon Thames]]
|Southeast = [[Coombe, Kingston upon Thames|Coombe]], [[Kingston Vale]]
}}

==Organisation==

===Governance===
[[File:Parking sign in Richmond Park, UK - 3.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Sign in Richmond Park citing the authority of the Secretary of State]]
The [[Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport]] manages Richmond Park and the other [[Royal Parks of London]] under powers set out in the [[Crown Lands Act 1851]], which transferred management of the parks from the monarch to the government.  Day-to-day management of the Royal Parks has been delegated to [[The Royal Parks]], an executive agency of the [[Department for Culture, Media and Sport]] (DCMS). The Royal Parks' Board sets the strategic direction for the agency. Appointments to the Board are made by the [[Mayor of London]].<ref name="Royal Parks Board">{{cite web | url=https://www.london.gov.uk/about-us/londonassembly/meetings/mgCommitteeDetails.aspx?ID=252| title=Royal Parks Board | publisher=[[Greater London Authority]] | access-date=19 February 2022}}</ref>

[[#Friends of Richmond Park|The Friends of Richmond Park]] and the Friends of [[Bushy Park]] co-chair the Richmond and Bushy Parks Forum, comprising 38 local groups of local stakeholder organisations.<ref name="Forum">{{cite web | url=http://www.frp.org.uk/pdf/news/171_Richmond_and_Bushy_Parks_Forum_Letter_re_TRP_Board_composition_final_191011.pdf | title=Letter to Sir Edward Lister, Deputy Mayor of London, re Royal Parks Board | publisher=Richmond and Bushy Parks Forum | date=19 October 2011 | access-date=22 October 2012 | author1=Ron Crompton | author2=Pieter Morpurgo | name-list-style=amp | archive-date=2 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202175243/http://www.frp.org.uk/pdf/news/171_Richmond_and_Bushy_Parks_Forum_Letter_re_TRP_Board_composition_final_191011.pdf }}</ref> The forum was formed in September 2010 to consider proposals to bring Richmond Park and Bushy Park&nbsp;– and London's other royal parks&nbsp;– under the control of the Mayor of London through a new Royal Parks Board<ref name="Forum"/><ref name="Transfer to Mayor">{{cite web | url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/responsibility-for-londons-royal-parks-to-pass-to-londons-mayor| title=Responsibility for London's Royal Parks to pass to London's Mayor | publisher=[[Department for Culture, Media and Sport]] and [[John Penrose]] MP| date= 8 February 2011|access-date=12 May 2023}}</ref> and to make a joint response. Although welcoming the principles of the new governance arrangements, the forum (in 2011) and the Friends of Richmond Park (in 2012) expressed concerns about the composition of the new board.<ref name="Forum"/><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.frp.org.uk/new-board-for-royal-parks/ | title=New Board for Royal Parks | publisher=[[#Friends of Richmond Park|Friends of Richmond Park]] | date= October 2011 | access-date=12 May 2023}}</ref><ref name="New board">{{cite web | url= https://www.frp.org.uk/?s=Royal+Parks+board+appointed | title=Royal Parks Board appointed | publisher=[[#Friends of Richmond Park|Friends of Richmond Park]] | date=12 February 2012 | access-date=19 February 2022}}</ref>

===Access===
Richmond Park is the most visited royal park outside central London, with 4.4 million visits in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/422397/number-of-visitors-in-royal-parks-uk/ |title=Number of visitors to Royal Parks in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2014, by park (in millions) |website=Statista |access-date=4 September 2018}}</ref> The park is enclosed by a high wall with several gates. The gates either allow pedestrian and bicycle access only, or allow bicycle, pedestrian and other vehicle access. The gates for motor vehicle access are open only during daylight hours; the speed limit is {{cvt|20|mph}}. The gates for pedestrians and cyclists are open 24 hours a day except during the deer culls in February and November, when the pedestrian gates are closed between 8:00 pm and 7:30 am.<ref name="Opening times">{{cite web | url=https://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/richmond-park/visitor-information/opening-times-and-getting-here | title=Opening times and getting here | publisher=[[The Royal Parks]] | work=Visitor information | access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> However, since 2020, there has been restricted through traffic in Richmond Park, for example restricted traffic between Richmond Gate and Roehampton Gate at weekends.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Royal Parks' traffic reduction measures to remain in place for another year|url=https://www.royalparks.org.uk/media-centre/press-releases/the-royal-parks-traffic-reduction-measures-to-remain-in-place-for-another-year|access-date=2021-07-07|website=The Royal Parks|date=9 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Apart from taxis, no [[commercial vehicles]] are allowed unless they are being used to transact business with residents of the park.<ref name="opsi.gov.uk">{{cite web |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/1639/contents/made |title=The Royal Parks and Other Open Spaces Regulations 1997 |access-date=29 October 2020}}</ref>

From April to November, a free bus service, calling near [[Mortlake railway station]], runs on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, stopping at the main car parks and the gate at Isabella Plantation nearest Peg's Pond.<ref name="Bus">{{cite web | url= https://www.royalparks.org.uk/visit/parks/richmond-park/free-minibus-service-richmond-park| title=Free minibus service in Richmond Park | publisher=[[The Royal Parks]] | work= Richmond Park | access-date=17 August 2024}}</ref><ref name="Minibus">{{Cite web |date=19 April 2024 |title=Free minibus service to Richmond Park |url=https://www.richmond.gov.uk/news/news_april_2024/free_minibus_service_to_richmond_park |access-date=17 August 2024 |website=[[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]]}}</ref>

[[File:Dual use path, Richmond Park - geograph.org.uk - 1453370.jpg|thumb|The shared use cycle/footpath, between Roehampton Gate and Sheen Gate, crosses [[Beverley Brook]] amid [[willows]].]]
The gates open to motor traffic are: Sheen Gate, Richmond Gate, Ham Gate, Kingston Gate, Roehampton Gate and (for access to [[Richmond Park Golf Course]] only) Chohole Gate.<ref name="Map">{{cite web | url=https://www.royalparks.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/41642/richmondpark_english_map.pdf | title=Richmond Park map | publisher=[[The Royal Parks]] | access-date=1 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202154201/https://www.royalparks.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/41642/richmondpark_english_map.pdf | archive-date=2 February 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Management Plan 10">{{cite web | url=https://www.royalparks.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/41767/richmond-park-management-plan.pdf | title=Getting to the Park | publisher=[[The Royal Parks]] | work=Richmond Park Management Plan | date=January 2008 | access-date=2 February 2015 | page=10 | archive-date=2 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202164014/https://www.royalparks.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/41767/richmond-park-management-plan.pdf }}</ref> 
The park has designated [[Rights of way in England and Wales|bridleway]]s and [[cycle path]]s. These are shown on maps and noticeboards displayed near the main entrances, along with other regulations that govern use of the park.<ref name="Map"/> The bridleways are special in that they are for horses (and their riders) only and not open to cyclists, like normal bridleways.

The [[Beverley Brook Walk]] runs through the park between Roehampton Gate and Robin Hood Gate.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.merton.gov.uk/assets/Documents/beverly-brook-walk.pdf|title=Beverley Brook Walk|publisher=[[London Borough of Merton]]|date=12 Sep 2007}}</ref> The [[Capital Ring]] walking route passes through the park from Robin Hood Gate to Petersham Gate.

Cycling is allowed only on main roads, on [[National Cycle Route 4]] through the centre of the park and on the Tamsin Trail (the shared-use pedestrian–cycle path that runs close to the park's perimeter).<ref name="Cycling">{{cite web | url=https://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/richmond-park/visitor-information/park-regulations-and-policies/cycling-in-the-royal-parks | title=Cycling in the Royal Parks | publisher=[[The Royal Parks]] | work=Managing the parks | access-date=27 July 2019 | archive-date=20 September 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920083841/https://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/richmond-park/visitor-information/park-regulations-and-policies/cycling-in-the-royal-parks }}</ref><ref name="Tamsin Trail">{{cite web | url=https://www.sustrans.org.uk/find-a-route-on-the-national-cycle-network/tamsin-trail-at-richmond-park/ | title=Tamsin Trail at Richmond Park | publisher=[[Sustrans]] | access-date=4 August 2019}}</ref>
National Cycle Route 4 crosses the park between Ham Gate in the west and Roehampton Gate in the east, skirting Pen Ponds and White Lodge. It interlinks with the [[Thames Path|Thames Cycle Route]] and forms part of the [[List of cycle routes in London|London Cycle Network]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sustrans.org.uk/find-a-route-on-the-national-cycle-network/route-4/ |title=Sustrans NCN Route 4|access-date=29 October 2020}}</ref> The speed limit on this route through the centre of the park, where it is off the main road, is {{cvt|10|mph}}.<ref name="Management Plan 16-29"/>

As the park is a national nature reserve and a Site of Special Scientific Interest, all dog owners are required to keep their dogs under control while in the park. This includes not allowing their dog to disturb other park users or disrupt wildlife. In 2009, after some incidents leading to the death of wildfowl, the park's dogs-on-leads policy was extended. Park users are said to believe that the deer are feeling increasingly threatened by the growing number of dogs using the park<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/family/pets/9321953/Watch-out-Fenton-Richmond-Park-deers-take-on-dogs.html|title=Watch out Fenton! Richmond Park deers take on dogs|author= Jasper Copping|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=10 June 2012|access-date= 12 July 2023}}</ref> and The Royal Parks advises against walking dogs in the park during the deer's birthing season.<ref name="Chase">{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-22752091 | title=Richmond Park dogwalkers chased by protective deer | work=[[BBC News]] | date=3 June 2013 | access-date=8 June 2013}}</ref>

===Law enforcement===
A [[robbery|mugging]] at gunpoint in 1854 reputedly led to the establishment of a park police force.<ref>Baxter Brown, p. 115</ref> Until 2005 the park was policed by the separate [[Royal Parks Constabulary]], but that was subsumed into the [[Royal Parks Operational Command Unit]] of the [[Metropolitan Police]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.royalparks.org.uk/park-management/policing-in-the-royal-parks|title= Policing in the Royal Parks|publisher= [[The Royal Parks]]|access-date= 6 February 2015|archive-date= 15 March 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150315072434/https://www.royalparks.org.uk/park-management/policing-in-the-royal-parks}}</ref> The [[mounted police]] have been replaced by a patrol team in a [[four-wheel drive]] vehicle. In 2015 the Friends of Richmond Park expressed concern about plans to cut the numbers of police in the park to half their level ten years previously, despite an increase in visitor numbers and in incidents of crime.<ref name="Bad news">{{cite web | url=https://www.frp.org.uk/bad-news-on-policing/ | title=Bad news on policing | publisher=[[#Friends of Richmond Park|Friends of Richmond Park]] | work=News | date=2015 | access-date=27 May 2023}}</ref>

In July 2012 it was reported that police had been given the power to issue £50 on-the-spot fines for littering, cycling outside designated areas and dog fouling offences.<ref>{{cite news |title=Park to bring in bad behaviour penalties |newspaper=[[Richmond and Twickenham Times]] |page=7 |date=13 July 2012}}</ref> In August 2012 a dog owner was ordered to pay £315 after allowing five dogs to chase ducks in the park.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.richmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk/news/9935558.fine-for-man-who-allowed-dogs-to-chase-ducks-in-richmond-park/| title= Fine for man who allowed dogs to chase ducks in Richmond Park|author=Amy Dyduch|work= [[Richmond and Twickenham Times]]|date=19 September 2012|access-date= 2 June 2023}}</ref> Since 2013 commercial dog-walkers have been required to apply for licences to walk dogs in the park, and are allowed to walk only four dogs at a time.<ref name="Dog licence">{{cite web| url= https://www.royalparks.org.uk/park-management/licences-and-permits/professional-dog-walking-licences/about-the-professional-dog-walking-licence| title= About the Professional Dog Walking Licence| publisher= [[The Royal Parks]]| access-date= 6 February 2015| archive-date= 7 February 2015| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150207003636/https://www.royalparks.org.uk/park-management/licences-and-permits/professional-dog-walking-licences/about-the-professional-dog-walking-licence}}</ref> In 2013 a cyclist was successfully prosecuted for speeding at 37&nbsp;mph in the park.<ref name="Cycling fine">{{cite news|url=http://www.richmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk/archive/2013/09/18/10682089.Teen_fined_for_cycling_at_37mph_in_Richmond_Park/|title=Speeding fine for teenager doing 37mph on bicycle|author=Clare Buchanan|work=[[Richmond and Twickenham Times]]|date=18 September 2013|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402103810/http://www.richmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk/archive/2013/09/18/10682089.Teen_fined_for_cycling_at_37mph_in_Richmond_Park/|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref> In 2015 a [[cycling club]] member was fined for speeding at 41&nbsp;mph and faced disciplinary action from his cycling club, which uses the park for training.<ref name="Pettitt">{{cite news | url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/speeding-cyclist-who-clocked-40mph-in-richmond-park-faces-expulsion-from-top-london-cycling-club-10099781.html?origin=internalSearch | title=Speeding cyclist who reached 40mph in Richmond Park faces expulsion from top club | work=[[Evening Standard]] | date=12 March 2015 | access-date=12 March 2015 |author1=Josh Pettitt |author2=Matt Watts |name-list-style=amp }}</ref> In 2014 and 2015 two men were prosecuted for picking mushrooms in the park.<ref name="Mushrooms–2015">{{cite news | url=http://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/news/11749836.Mushroom_tamperer_gets_conditional_discharge_after_Richmond_Park_picking/?ref=mr | title=Mushroom tamperer gets conditional discharge after Richmond Park picking | work=Richmond Guardian |date=27 January 2015 | access-date=13 February 2015 | author=Laura Proto}}</ref><ref name="Mushrooms - 2014">{{cite news | url=http://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/news/11653028.Mushroom_thief_fined_after_picking_in_Richmond_Park/?ref=mr | title=Mushroom thief fined after picking in Richmond Park | work=Richmond Guardian | date=9 December 2014 | access-date=13 February 2015 | author=Laura Proto}}</ref>

[[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] MP [[Danny Kruger]] was fined after his puppy, during a family walk, caused a stampede when it chased a 200-strong herd of deer in the park in March 2021.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://uk.yahoo.com/news/tory-mp-fined-puppy-caused-145417217.html|title=Tory MP fined after puppy caused stampede of deer in London park|work=[[Yahoo News]]|author=Henry Vaughan|date=7 June 2021|access-date=28 June 2021}}</ref> Kruger apologised and said he would be more careful in future.<ref>{{Cite news|date=7 June 2021|title=Danny Kruger MP fined over puppy's Richmond Park deer stampede|language=en-GB|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-57327657|access-date=8 June 2021|archive-date=7 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607175722/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-57327657|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Sport and recreation===
''Cycling'': Cycles are available for hire near Roehampton Gate and, at peak times, near Pembroke Lodge.<ref name="Sport"/> The Tamsin Trail (shared between pedestrians and cyclists) provides a circuit of the park and is almost entirely car-free.<ref name="Tamsin Trail"/>

''Fishing'' is allowed, by paid permit, on Pen Ponds from mid-June to mid-March.<ref name="Sport"/>

''Golf'' is played at [[Richmond Park Golf Course]], a public facility opened in 1923 by the Prince of Wales (later King [[Edward VIII]]).<ref name="MBB 150">{{cite book | title=Richmond Park: The History of a Royal Deer Park | author=Michael Baxter Brown | year=1985 | page=150|location= London|publisher= R. Hale| ISBN= 0709021631}}</ref>  It has two 18-hole golf courses and practice facilities and is accessed from Chohole Gate.

''Horse riding'': Horses from local stables are ridden in the park.<ref name="Sport">{{cite web | url=https://www.royalparks.org.uk/visit/parks/richmond-park/sport-leisure | title=Sports and leisure in Richmond Park| publisher=[[The Royal Parks]] | access-date=14 February 2024}}</ref>

''Rugby'': A section of the grassland to the north of the Roehampton Gate is maintained and laid out during the winter months for rugby; there are three pitches. At weekends, this area is hired extensively to the [[rugby union]] club [[Rosslyn Park F.C.]]. Visiting teams are transferred by bus to and from the park pitches from the club's nearby clubhouse and changing rooms.<ref name="Sport"/>

''Running'': The Tamsin Trail is a {{convert|7.2|mi|km|1|abbr=out}} trail around the park which is popular with runners. Members of Barnes Runners complete at least one circumnavigation of it on the first and third Sunday of every month. Richmond Park [[Parkrun]], a five-kilometre organised run, takes place every Saturday.<ref name="parkrun">{{cite web | url=https://www.parkrun.org.uk/richmond/| title=Richmond parkrun | publisher=parkrun UK | access-date=15 July 2023}}</ref>

There is a children's playground at Petersham Gate.<ref name="Sport"/>

===Friends of Richmond Park===

{{Infobox organization
|name         = Friends of Richmond Park
|image        = Friends of Richmond Park logo.jpg
|image_border =
|size         =  160px
|caption      =
|abbreviation = FRP
|formation    = 1961
|status       = [[registered charity]] and membership organisation
|purpose      = To conserve and protect Richmond Park and its peace and natural beauty for the benefit of the public and future generations, and to advance public education about the park
|headquarters = [[Richmond, London]]
|location     = England, [[United Kingdom]]
|region_served =
|membership   = 3,700
|language     =
|leader_title = Key people
|leader_name  = Roger Hillyer, Chairman
|main_organ   = ''Park Life'' (printed magazine, published twice a year)
|parent_organization =
|affiliations =
|num_staff    = None
|num_volunteers = 300
|budget       =
|website      = {{URL|https://www.frp.org.uk/}}
|remarks      =
}}
'''The Friends of Richmond Park''' (FRP) was founded in 1961 to protect the park. In 1960 the [[speed limit]] in the park had been raised from 20 to 30 miles an hour and there were concerns that the roads in the park would be assigned to the main highway system as had recently happened in parts of [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]].<ref name= "Pollard and Crompton 2-3">Pollard and Crompton, pp. 2–3</ref> In 1969, plans by the then [[Greater London Council]] to assign the park's roads to the national highway were revealed by the Friends and subsequently withdrawn.<ref name= "Pollard and Crompton 9">Pollard and Crompton, p. 9</ref> The speed limit was reduced to 20 miles an hour in 2004.<ref name= "Pollard and Crompton 33">Pollard and Crompton, p. 33</ref>

In 2011, the Friends successfully campaigned for the withdrawal of plans for open-air screenings of films in the park.<ref name="Auto6L-10">{{cite news|url= https://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/news/9190284.richmond-park-cinema-plans-withdrawn/|title= Richmond Park cinema plans withdrawn|work= Richmond Guardian|author=Paul Teed|date= 11 August 2011|access-date=8 December 2022}}</ref><ref name="Auto6L-11">{{cite web|url=https://www.frp.org.uk/friends-oppose-park-screenings/|title=Friends oppose Park screenings |publisher= [[#Friends of Richmond Park|Friends of Richmond Park]] website|date= 19 July 2011|access-date= 3 October 2020}}</ref> In 2012, the Friends contributed towards the cost of a new Jubilee Pond, and launched a public appeal for a Ponds and Streams Conservation Programme in which the Friends, the Richmond Park Wildlife Group and [[Healthy Planet]] have been working with staff from The Royal Parks to restore some of the streams and ponds in the park.<ref name="Auto6L-13">{{cite web |url= http://www.stmgrts.org.uk/archives/2012/05/new_jubilee_pond_in_richmond_park_to_be_created.html|title=New Jubilee Pond in Richmond Park to be Created|publisher=[[St Margarets, London|St Margarets]] Community website|date=11 May 2012|access-date=5 June 2012}}</ref><ref name="Auto6L-14">{{cite news| url= https://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/news/9699149.jubilee-pond-to-open-in-richmond-park/ |title=Jubilee pond to open in Richmond Park|author= Christine Fleming|work=Richmond Guardian|date= 10 May 2012|access-date= 15 July 2023}}</ref><ref name="More Ponds">{{cite web | url=https://www.frp.org.uk/work-starts-on-more-ponds/ | title=Work starts on more ponds | publisher=[[#Friends of Richmond Park|Friends of Richmond Park]] | year=2012 | access-date=13 December 2020}}</ref>

The Friends run a visitor centre near Pembroke Lodge, organise a programme of walks and education activities for young people, and produce a quarterly newsletter. The Friends have published two books, ''A Guide to Richmond Park'' and ''Family Trails in Richmond Park''; profits from the books' sales contribute towards the Friends' conservation work.<ref name="Auto6L-8">{{Cite web|url=https://www.wandsworth.gov.uk/news/article/10356|title=New guide book to Richmond Park|publisher=[[London Borough of Wandsworth]]|date=28 March 2011|access-date=15 July 2023|archive-date=15 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715215320/https://www.wandsworth.gov.uk/news/article/10356}}</ref>

The Friends of Richmond Park has been a charitable organisation since 2009.<ref name="50 years">{{cite news |url= http://www.wandsworthguardian.co.uk/news/8927743.Friends_group_to_mark_50_years/|title=Friends of Richmond Park to mark 50 years of protecting the green space |author=Christine Fleming |work=Wandsworth Guardian |date=25 March 2011|access-date=2 April 2012}}</ref> It has 3,700 members, is run by approximately 300 volunteers<ref name="Achievements">{{Cite web |title=What we did in 2022: Achievements and performance during the year |url=https://www.frp.org.uk/our-achievements/ |access-date=10 September 2023 |website=Friends of Richmond Park}}</ref> and has no staff.<ref name= "50 years"/>  Broadcaster and naturalist Sir David Attenborough, former Richmond Park MP Baroness [[Susan Kramer]] and broadcaster [[Clare Balding]] are patrons of FRP.<ref name="AutoQO-4">{{cite news |url= http://www.richmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk/news/8949352.Sir_David_steps_up_at_park_party/|title= Sir David Attenborough steps up as Friends of Richmond Park marks golden anniversary|author= Christine Fleming|work= [[Richmond and Twickenham Times]]|date=3 April 2011|access-date= 8 September 2014}}</ref> The chairman, since April 2021, is Roger Hillyer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Contact us |url=https://www.frp.org.uk/contact-3/ |access-date=8 December 2022 |website=Friends of Richmond Park}}</ref>

==History==

===Stuart origins===
In 1625 [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] brought his court to [[Richmond Palace]] to escape an outbreak of plague in London<ref name="Landscape History">{{cite web | url=https://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/richmond-park/about-richmond-park/landscape-history | title=Richmond Park: Landscape History | publisher=[[The Royal Parks]] | access-date=7 October 2012 | archive-date=6 May 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506134616/https://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/richmond-park/about-richmond-park/landscape-history }}</ref> and turned the area on the hill above Richmond into a park for the hunting of red and fallow deer.<ref name="Landscape History"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.frp.org.uk/history/|title= About the Park: History|publisher= [[The Friends of Richmond Park]]|access-date= 13 December 2020}}</ref> It was originally referred to as the king's "New Park"<ref name= Eyre>{{cite book | url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C4048674|title= Surrey: Richmond. Plan of New Park (now Richmond Park) as in 1754. Scale: 1 inch to...|access-date = 4 January 2022| publisher=[[The National Archives (UK)]]}}</ref> to distinguish it from the existing park in Richmond, which is now known as [[Old Deer Park]]. In 1637 he appointed [[Jerome Weston, 2nd Earl of Portland]] as keeper of the new park for life, with a fee of 12 [[Penny (British pre-decimal coin)|(old) pence]] a day, pasture for four horses, and the use of the brushwood<ref name="Calendar 1644">{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924091770309#page/n289/mode/2up|title=Calendar of State Papers, Domestic series, of the reign of Charles I, 1644, preserved in Her Majesty's Public Record Office | publisher=[[HMSO]] | editor=William Douglas Hamilton | year=1888 | location=London | page=234}}</ref>&nbsp;– later holders of that office were known as [[List of keepers and rangers of Richmond Park|"Ranger"]]. Charles's decision, also in 1637, to [[enclosure|enclose]] the land{{refn|group="nb"|An [[Ordnance Survey]] map, published in 1949 and now held at [[The National Archives (UK)]], shows contemporary features in Richmond Park alongside the place names and field boundaries that existed prior to the [[Enclosure#Parliamentary Inclosure Acts|1637 Enclosure Act]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C1864821 |title=Richmond Park: field boundaries before Enclosure Act 1637|work= ZOS 5/5  |date=1949 |publisher=[[The National Archives (UK)]] |access-date=31 July 2023}}</ref>}} was not popular with the local residents, but he did allow pedestrians the right of way.<ref name="Malden">{{cite web | url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=43018#n95 | title=A History of the County of Surrey: Volume 3 | publisher=British History Online | work=[[Victoria County History]] | year=1911 | access-date=3 December 2012 | author=H E Malden | pages=533–546| author-link=Henry Elliot Malden }}</ref> To this day the walls remain, although they have been partially rebuilt and reinforced. Following [[Charles I of England#Execution|Charles I's execution]], custodianship of the park passed to the [[Corporation of the City of London]]. It was returned to the restored monarch, [[Charles II of England|Charles II]], on his return to London in 1660.<ref>McDowall, p. 51</ref>

===Georgian alterations===
In 1719, [[Caroline of Ansbach]] and her husband, the future [[George II of Great Britain]], bought [[Richmond Lodge]] as a country residence. This building had first been built as a hunting lodge for [[James I of England|James I]] in 1619 and had also been occupied by [[William III of Great Britain|William III]].<ref name="Groom 26–40">{{cite book | publisher=Merrell Publishers | title=Kew Palace: The Official Illustrated History | date=2006 | author=[[Susanne Groom]] and Lee Prosser | isbn= 978-1-85894-323-7| pages=26–40}}</ref> As shown in a map of 1734, Richmond Park and Richmond Gardens then formed a single unit – the latter was merged with [[Kew Gardens]] by George III in the early 19th century.<ref name="RCT Rocque">{{cite web | url=https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/702999/plan-of-the-house-gardens-park-hermitage-of-their-majesties-at-richmond | title=Plan of the House, Gardens, Park & Hermitage of their Majesties, at Richmond 1734 | publisher=[[Royal Collection Trust]] | access-date=21 July 2016 | author=John Rocque| author-link=John Rocque }}</ref> In 1736 the Queen's Ride was cut through existing woodland to create a grand avenue through the park<ref name="FRP Guide97">{{cite book | title=''"Buildings" in'' Guide to Richmond Park | author=Michael Davison |publisher=[[#Friends of Richmond Park|Friends of Richmond Park]] | year=2011 | page=97|isbn=978-0-9567469-0-0}}</ref> and Bog Gate or Queen's Gate was opened as a private entrance for Caroline to enter the park on her journeys between White Lodge and Richmond Lodge. The same map shows Pen Ponds, a lake divided in two by a [[causeway]], dug in 1746 and initially referred to as the Canals, which is now a good place to see water birds.<ref name= "Landscape History"/><ref>Baxter Brown, p. 51</ref> Richmond Lodge fell out of use on Caroline's death in 1737 but was brought back into use by her grandson [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]] as his summer residence from 1764 to 1772, when he switched his summer residence to [[Kew Palace]] and had Richmond Lodge demolished.<ref name="Groom 72–81">{{cite book | publisher=Merrell Publishers | title=Kew Palace: The Official Illustrated History | date=2006 | author=[[Susanne Groom]] and Lee Prosser | isbn= 978-1-85894-323-7 | pages=72–81}}</ref>

[[File:John Lewis 1713-1792 Richmond brewer who secured public rights of access to the park in 1758.jpg|thumb|upright|Plaque outside Sheen Gate to John Lewis, the Richmond brewer who secured public rights of access to the park in 1758]]
In 1751, Caroline's daughter [[Princess Amelia of Great Britain|Princess Amelia]] became ranger of Richmond Park after the death of [[Robert Walpole]]. Immediately afterwards, the Princess caused major public uproar by closing the park to the public, only allowing a few close friends and those with special permits to enter.<ref>{{cite book|title= Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy|author= Kenneth J. Panton |publisher= [[Rowman & Littlefield|Scarecrow Press, Inc]]|isbn= 978-0-8108-5779-7|year=2011}} p. 45</ref> This continued until 1758, when a local brewer, John Lewis, took the gatekeeper, who stopped him from entering the park, to court.<ref name= "Pollard and Crompton 38">Pollard and Crompton, p. 38</ref> The court ruled in favour of Lewis, citing the fact that, when Charles I enclosed the park in the 17th century, he allowed the public right of way in the park. Princess Amelia was forced to lift the restrictions.<ref name="Milestone">{{cite web | url=https://www.frp.org.uk/?s=A+park+milestone+celebrated | title=A Park Milestone Celebrated | publisher=[[#Friends of Richmond Park|Friends of Richmond Park]] | date=27 May 2008 | access-date=19 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.richmond.gov.uk/media/6311/john_lewis_brief_open.pdf|title=John Lewis' re-establishment of pedestrian access to Richmond Park|author= Max Lankester, [[#Friends of Richmond Park|Friends of Richmond Park]] | publisher= [[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]]|date= September 2009|access-date = 15 July 2023}}</ref>

===19th century===
Full right of public access to the park was confirmed by [[Act of Parliament]] in 1872.<ref name="FRP Guide88">{{cite book | title=''"History" in'' Guide to Richmond Park | publisher=[[#Friends of Richmond Park|Friends of Richmond Park]] | author=Max Lankester|year=2011 | page=88|isbn= 978-0-9567469-0-0}}</ref> However, people were no longer given the right to remove firewood; this is still the case and helps in preserving the park.<ref name= "Landscape History"/>

[[File:White Lodge, Richmond Park, Richmond - geograph.org.uk - 1304585.jpg|thumb|[[White Lodge, Richmond Park|White Lodge]] from the air]]
Between 1833 and 1842 the Petersham Lodge estate, and then part of [[Sudbrook Park, Petersham|Sudbrook Park]], were incorporated into Richmond Park. Terrace Walk was created from Richmond Gate to Pembroke Lodge.<ref name = "Cloake 190">Cloake, p. 190</ref> The Russell School was built near Petersham Gate in 1851.<ref name="FRP Guide89">{{cite book | title=''"History" in'' Guide to Richmond Park | author=Max Lankester| publisher=[[Friends of Richmond Park]] | year=2011 | page=89|isbn= 978-0-9567469-0-0}}</ref> Between 1855 and 1861, new drainage improvements were constructed, including drinking points for deer.<ref name = "Cloake 196">Cloake, p. 196</ref> In 1867 and 1876 fallow deer from the park were sent to New Zealand to help build up stocks – the first fallow deer introduced to that country.<ref name="Ungulates">{{cite journal | url=https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-Bio14Tuat02-t1-body-d3.html | title=Introduced ungulates in New Zealand&nbsp;– (D) Fallow deer | journal=Tuatara | volume= 14|issue =2|date=July 1966 | access-date=15 July 2023 |author1=A H C Christie |author2=J R H Andrews |name-list-style=amp | page=84}}</ref><ref>Baxter Brown, p. 118</ref> In or around 1870, the [[Inns of Court Regiment#History|Inns of Court Rifle Volunteers]] were using an area near Bog Gate as a drill ground.<ref name = "Cloake 196"/> [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]], Italian general and politician, visited Lord [[John Russell, 1st Earl Russell|John Russell]] at Pembroke Lodge in 1864,<ref name= "Cloake 192"/> as did the Shah of [[Persia]], [[Naser al-Din Shah Qajar]] in 1873. He was the first modern Iranian monarch to visit Europe.<ref name= "Cloake 192">Cloake, p. 192</ref>

===Early 20th century===
[[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|Edward VII]] developed the park as a public amenity by opening up almost all the previously fenced woods and making public those gates that were previously private.<ref name="McDowall 90">McDowall, p. 90</ref> From 1915 level areas of the park were marked out for football and cricket pitches.<ref name="McDowall 90"/> A golf course was developed on the former "Great Paddock" of Richmond Park, an area used for feeding deer for the royal hunt. The tree belt in this part of the park was supplemented by additional planting in 1936.<ref>McDowall, pp. 121–126</ref> The public golf course was opened in 1923 by Edward, Prince of Wales<ref>Baxter Brown, p. 150</ref> (who was to become [[King Edward VIII]] and, after his [[Edward VIII abdication crisis|abdication]], Duke of Windsor). The future king had been born in the park, at White Lodge, in 1894.<ref name="PFJ 36">{{cite book | title=Richmond Park: Portrait of a Royal Playground | author=Pamela Fletcher Jones | publisher= [[The History Press|Phillimore & Co Ltd]] |year=1972 | page=36|isbn= 978-0-85033-497-5}}</ref>  In 1925, a second public 18-hole course was laid out to the south of the first (towards Robin Hood Gate); it was opened by the Duke of York ([[George VI]]). In honour of their respective openers, [[Richmond Park Golf Course]]'s two courses are named the "Prince's" and the "Duke's".

The park played an important role during World War I and was used for [[cavalry]] training.<ref name="Pollard and Wood">{{cite web| url=https://www.frp.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/21c_Richmond_Park_and_the_First_World_War_-_Summer_2014.pdf| title=Richmond Park and the First World War| publisher=[[Friends of Richmond Park]]| work=Friends of Richmond Park Newsletter| date=17 November 2014| access-date=30 September 2023| author1=Mary Pollard| author2=Robert Wood| name-list-style=amp}}</ref> On 7 December 1915 English inventor [[Harry Grindell Matthews]] demonstrated, in a secret test on Pen Ponds, how [[selenium]] cells would work in a remotely controlled prototype weapon for use against German [[Zeppelins]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.harrygrindellmatthews.com/earlywireless.asp | title=Remote Controlled Boat | publisher=Jonathan Foster | work=The Death Ray: The Secret Life of Harry Grindell Matthews | date=2008 | access-date=6 February 2015 | author=Jonathan Foster | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122053357/http://harrygrindellmatthews.com/earlywireless.asp | archive-date=22 January 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Reporting on this story several years later, in April 1924, ''[[Daily Chronicle (United Kingdom)|The Daily Chronicle]]'' reported that the test had been carried out in the presence of [[Arthur Balfour]], [[Lord Fisher]] and a staff of experts.  Its success led to Matthews receiving a payment of £25,000 from the Government the very next morning.  Despite this large sum changing hands, the Admiralty never used the invention.<ref name="Foster">{{cite book | title=The Death Ray: The Secret Life of Harry Grindell Matthews | publisher=Inventive Publishing | author=Jonathan Foster | year=2009 | isbn=978-0-9561348-0-6}}</ref> Between 1916 and 1925 the park housed a South African military war hospital, which was built between Bishop's Pond and Conduit Wood.<ref>McDowall, pp. 95–96</ref><ref name="Lost">{{cite web | url=http://ezitis.myzen.co.uk/southafrican.html | title=South African Military Hospital | publisher=Lost Hospitals of London | access-date=17 December 2013}}</ref> The hospital closed in 1921 and was demolished in 1925.<ref name="Hearsum WWI"/> [[Richmond Cemetery]], just outside the park, contains a section of war graves commemorating 39 soldiers who died at the hospital; the section is marked by a [[Cross of Sacrifice]] and a Grade II listed<ref name="Cenotaph listed">{{National Heritage List for England |num=1409475 |desc=South African War Memorial|date = 24 July 2012|access-date= 19 October 2016}}</ref> [[South African War Memorial, Richmond Cemetery|cenotaph]] designed by [[Sir Edwin Lutyens]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p031yvl9|title=Richmond Park, London: The South African Military Hospital|work= World War One At Home|date=6 November 2015 |publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=30 September 2023}}</ref>

[[Faisal I of Iraq]] and [[Lebanese people|Lebanese]] politician [[Salim Ali Salam]] were photographed visiting the park in 1925.

=== World War II and its aftermath===
An army camp was established in 1938. It covered {{convert|45|acres|ha}} to the south and east of Thatched House Lodge, extending to the area south of Dann's Pond.<ref name="FRP Guide91">{{cite book | title=''"History" in'' Guide to Richmond Park | author=Max Lankester|publisher=[[Friends of Richmond Park]] | year=2011 | page=91|isbn= 978-0-9567469-0-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite map |title=Kingston Gate Camp|url=https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/#zoom=16.899706808074292&lat=51.42620&lon=-0.28030&layers=170&b=1|date=1959|scale=1:1,250–1:2,500|series=National Grid maps, 1940s-1960s|publisher=[[Ordnance Survey]]|location=Richmond Park|access-date =28 October 2020}}</ref> It became known as Kingston Gate Camp and expanded the capacity of the [[East Surrey Regiment]]'s [[The Barracks, Kingston upon Thames|regimental depot]] Infantry Training Centre (ITC). As a result, the ITC was better able to meet the demands of training new recruits and called-up militia between early 1940 and August 1941 when the ITC transferred to a facility in [[Canterbury]] shared with [[Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment)|the Buffs]].<ref>{{cite book|author=David Scott Daniell|year=1957|title=The History of the East Surrey Regiment|volume=IV 1920–1952|location=London|publisher=[[Ernest Benn Limited]]|pages=115–116|oclc=492800784}}</ref> The camp was subsequently used as a military convalescent depot for up to 2,500 persons after which it continued as a base for the [[Auxiliary Territorial Service]] (ATS) until after the war.<ref name="Rabbitts 145">{{harvnb|Rabbitts|2014|p=145}}</ref>

During World War II Pembroke Lodge was used as the base for "Phantom" (the [[GHQ Liaison Regiment]]).<ref name="FRP Guide91"/> The Pen Ponds were drained, in order to disguise them as a landmark,<ref>McDowall, p. 91</ref> and an experimental bomb disposal centre was set up at Killcat Corner, which is between Robin Hood Gate and Roehampton Gate.<ref name="Osborne">{{cite book | title=Defending London: A Military History from Conquest to Cold War | publisher=[[The History Press]] | author=Mike Osborne | year=2012 | location=[[Stroud, Gloucestershire]] | isbn=978-07524-7930-9}}</ref>

An [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft gun]] site was inside Sheen Gate for the duration of the war. The Prime Minister, [[Winston Churchill]], visited it on 10 November 1940<ref>{{Cite web |author=Simon Fowler |author-link = Simon Fowler |date=October 2020 |title=Winston Churchill in Richmond  |url=https://www.richmondhistory.org.uk/wordpress/history-of-richmond/richmond-at-war/winston-churchill-in-richmond/ |access-date=24 April 2021|website=Richmond Local History Society}}</ref> and it was featured in a photograph published in ''[[Picture Post]]'' on 13 December 1941.<ref name= "Photographs151">{{cite book | title=Richmond in Old Photographs | publisher=[[Alan Sutton|Alan Sutton Publishing]] |editor=[[John Cloake]] |author=Compiled by members of the [[Richmond, London#Societies|Richmond Local History Society]] | year=1990 | page=151 | isbn=978-0-86299-855-4}}</ref>

Associated with the gun site was the research site of the [[Army Operational Research Group]] (AORG), located on the polo field beside Sheen Cross, where [[James Stanley Hey|Stanley Hey]] researched improvements to the operation of anti-aircraft gun-laying radar. During the war, Hey discovered that the [[Sun]] is a radio source<ref name = "Baker">{{Cite journal |last=Timothy M M Baker |publisher= [[Richmond Local History Society]]|date=October 2021 |title=Richmond Park, radio astronomy's birthplace |journal=Richmond History |volume=42 |pages=22–27 |issn=0263-0958}}</ref> and he investigated radio reflections from [[Meteor shower|meteor]] trails, and radio noise from cosmic sources.  In 1946 Hey's group discovered [[Cygnus A]], later shown to be the first [[radio galaxy]]. The Richmond Park installation thus became the first radio observatory in Britain.<ref name = "Baker"/>

In addition to use of the park for military purposes, approximately {{convert|500|acres|ha}} of the park was converted to agricultural use during the war.<ref name="Hansard_19500703">{{hansard |url=1950/jul/03/richmond-park-closed-area|title=Richmond Park (Closed Area) |access-date=28 October 2020}}</ref>

The Russell School (then located within the park's boundary) was destroyed by enemy action in 1943.<ref>McDowall, p. 97</ref> and Sheen Cottage a year later.<ref>McDowall, p. 95</ref><ref name = "WoodSC">{{Cite journal |last=Robert Wood|publisher= [[Richmond Local History Society]]|date=June 2019 |title=A house through time |journal=Richmond History |volume=40 |pages=34–42 |issn=0263-0958}}</ref>

[[John Boyd-Carpenter, Baron Boyd-Carpenter|John Boyd-Carpenter]], MP for [[Kingston-upon-Thames (UK Parliament constituency)|Kingston-upon-Thames]], proposed using the Kingston Gate Camp to help alleviate the local post-war housing shortage but the [[Ministry of Works (United Kingdom)|Minister of Works]], [[Charles Key]], was opposed, preferring that the site be eventually returned to its former parkland use.<ref>{{Hansard|url=1947/nov/06/richmond-park-camp-use |title=Richmond Park Camp (Use)|access-date=28 October 2020}}</ref> Key's department refurbished and repurposed the camp as an [[Olympic Village]] for the [[1948 Summer Olympics]].<ref name="Cloake 201">Cloake, p. 201</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/news--olympic-town-at-richmond-park/z74y2sg |title= Olympic Town at Richmond Park|date= 4 June 1948|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=28 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001861/19480731/022/0018|title=The XIVth Olympiad| newspaper=[[The Sphere (newspaper)|The Sphere]]|date=31 July 1948|publisher=[[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> The [[Olympic Village]] was opened by [[David Cecil, 6th Marquess of Exeter|Lord Burghley]] with Key making the announcement, in July 1948.<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.britishpathe.com/video/VLVA354L6FHKU412LLQ9JN7WB90IO-OPENING-OF-OLYMPIC-CENTRE-IN-LONDON|title=Opening Of Olympic Centre In London 1948|date=5 July 1948|publisher=[[Reuters]]|series=Gaumont British Newsreel|type=Motion picture, black and white|id=film id:VLVA354L6FHKU412LLQ9JN7WB90IO|access-date = 20 May 2021}}</ref> After the Olympics, the camp was used by units of the [[Royal Corps of Signals]] and then by the [[Women's Royal Army Corps]] following their formation in 1949 as successor to the wartime ATS. Although it had been hoped to clear the camp during the 1950s, it remained in military use and was used to house service families repatriated following the [[Suez Crisis]] in 1956. It was not until 1965 that the camp was eventually demolished and reintegrated into the park during the following year.<ref name="Rabbitts 145" /><ref name="Hansard_19500703" /><ref>{{cite web |author= Michael Davison |url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C12756326|title=When the Olympics Came to Richmond Park|publisher= [[The National Archives (UK)]]|date=July 2005 |pages=11–12|access-date = 12 May 2023}}</ref>

===Late 20th century – present===
In 1953 [[Josip Broz Tito|President Tito]] of [[Yugoslavia]] stayed at White Lodge during a [[state visit]] to Britain.<ref name="FRP Guide130">{{cite book | title=Guide to Richmond Park | publisher=[[#Friends of Richmond Park|Friends of Richmond Park]] | year=2011 | page=130|isbn=978-0-9567469-0-0}}</ref>

The [[Petersham Hole]] was a [[sink hole]] caused by subsidence of a sewer which forced the total closure of the [[A307 road]] in Petersham in 1979–80. As the hole and subsequent repair work had forced a total closure of this main road between Richmond and Kingston, traffic was diverted through the park and the Richmond, Ham, and Kingston gates remained open throughout the day and night.  The park road was widened at Ham Cross near Ham Gate to accommodate temporary traffic lights. About 10 deer a month were killed by traffic while the diversion was in operation.<ref name="Pollard and Crompton 11-12">Pollard and Crompton, pp.11–12</ref>

When the present London Borough of Richmond upon Thames was created in 1965, it included the majority, but not the whole, of the park. The eastern tip, including Roehampton Gate, belonged to the [[London Borough of Wandsworth]], and the southern tip was in the [[Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames]]. Following a series of [[List of Greater London boundary changes|borough boundary changes]] in 1994 and 1995, these anomalies were corrected and the whole park became part of Richmond upon Thames.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1993/1208/contents/made|title=The Greater London and Surrey (County and London Borough Boundaries) (No. 2) Order 1993|publisher=legislation.gov.uk|access-date=15 July 2023}}</ref>

In the [[2012 Summer Olympics]] the men's and the women's [[Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics|cycling road races]] went through the park.<ref name="Women's race">{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/jul/29/olympic-road-race-womens-cycling-live | title=Olympic road race: women's cycling&nbsp;– as it happened | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=29 July 2012 | access-date=15 November 2012 | author=Barry Glendenning | location=London| author-link=Barry Glendenning }}</ref>

==Features==
===Boundary wall===
The brick wall enclosing Richmond Park is eight miles (13&nbsp;km) long and up to 9&nbsp;ft (2.7m) high.<ref name="FRP Guide103">{{cite book | title=''"Buildings" in'' Guide to Richmond Park | author=Michael Davison | author-link=Buildings |publisher=[[Friends of Richmond Park]] | year=2011 | page=103|isbn= 978-0-9527847-0-8}}</ref> Much of the wall is designated by [[Historic England]] as a Grade II listed building.<ref name="Boundary walls SW">{{National Heritage List for England |num= 1358450|desc=Boundary walls to Richmond Park, section to south west of Kingston Place|date = 6 October 1983|access-date= 5 September 2018}}</ref>

===Gates===
====Six original gates====
[[File:Richmond gates of Richmond Park (March 2010) 2.jpg|thumb|upright|Richmond Gate, designed by [[Sir John Soane]]]]
When the park was enclosed in 1637 there were six gates in the boundary wall: Coombe Gate, Ham Gate, Richmond Gate, Robin Hood Gate, Roehampton Gate and Sheen Gate. Of these, Richmond Gate has the heaviest traffic. The present gates were designed by [[Sir John Soane]]<ref name="Soane">{{cite web | url=https://www.frp.org.uk/gate-design-credited-to-soane/| title=Gate design credited to Soane | date=1 October 2010 | publisher=[[#Friends of Richmond Park|Friends of Richmond Park]] | access-date=10 September 2023}}</ref><ref name="EH Richmond Gate">{{National Heritage List for England |num=1263361|desc=Richmond Gate Lodge, Screen Walls, Gate Piers and Gates|date = 10 January 1950|access-date= 19 October 2016}}</ref> and were widened in 1896.<ref name= McDowall71-78/> Sheen Gate was where the brewer John Lewis asserted pedestrian right of entry in 1755 after Princess Amelia had denied it. The present double gates date from 1926.<ref name= McDowall71-78/> Coombe Gate (later known as Ladderstile Gate) provided access to the park for the parishioners of [[Coombe, Kingston upon Thames|Coombe]], with both a gate and a [[stepladder]]. The gate was locked in the early 1700s and bricked up in about 1735. The stepladder was reinstated after John Lewis's case in 1758 and remained in place until about 1884. The present gate dates from 1901.<ref name= "McDowall71-78">McDowall, pp. 71–78</ref> The present [[wrought iron]] gates of Roehampton Gate were installed in 1899.<ref name= McDowall71-78/> Ham Gate was widened in 1921, when the present wrought iron gates were installed. The ''[[chinoiserie]]'' lantern lights over the gate were installed in 1825.<ref name= McDowall71-78/>

Robin Hood Gate takes its name from the nearby Robin Hood Inn (demolished in 2001) and is close to what is called<ref name="Robin Hood Roundabout">{{cite web | url=https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/675837 | title=A3 Robin Hood Roundabout | publisher=[[Geograph]] | access-date=8 October 2012 | author=Nigel Cox}}</ref> the Robin Hood roundabout on the [[A3 road|A3]]. Widened in 1907,<ref name= McDowall71-78/> it has been closed to motorised vehicles since a 2003 traffic reduction trial.<ref name="Aylward">{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/3051399.stm |title=Park blocks scenic rat run |author=Juliet Aylward |date=10 June 2003 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=1 June 2022}}</ref> Alterations commenced in 2013 to make the gates more suitable for pedestrian use and return some of the hard surface to parkland.<ref name="March 2013 diaries">{{cite web | url=https://www.frp.org.uk/march-park-diaries-2/ | title=March Park diaries | publisher=[[#Friends of Richmond Park|Friends of Richmond Park]]  | date=7 March 2013 | access-date=1 June 2023}}</ref>

====Other gates====

Chohole Gate served the farm that stood within the park on the site of the present Kings Farm Plantation. It is first mentioned in 1680.<ref name= McDowall71-78/> The gate now provides access to [[Richmond Park Golf Course]].

Kingston Gate dates from about 1750. The existing gates date from 1898.<ref name= McDowall71-78/>

Bog Gate, or Queen's Gate, which connects the park with [[East Sheen Common]], was built in 1736. Public access to the park via this gate, 24 hours a day, was granted in 1894 and the present "cradle" gate was installed.<ref name="McDowall 70">McDowall, p. 70</ref>

Petersham Gate served the Russell School, replacing the more ornate gates to Petersham Lodge. A disused carriage gate further up the hill was probably a tradesman's entrance to the school or to the Lodge stables.<ref name= McDowall71-78/>

Bishop's Gate in Chisholm Road, previously known as the Cattle Gate, was for use by livestock allowed to pasture in the nineteenth century. It was opened for public use in 1896.<ref name= McDowall71-78/>

Kitchen Garden Gate, hidden behind Teck Plantation, is probably a nineteenth-century gate. It has never been open to the public.<ref name="McDowall 70"/>

Cambrian Gate or Cambrian Road Gate<ref name= McDowall71-78/> was constructed during World War I for access to the newly built South Africa Military Hospital.<ref name="Hearsum WWI">{{cite web | url=https://hearsumcollection.org.uk/the-first-world-war-and-richmond-park/ | title=The First World War and Richmond Park | publisher=The Hearsum Collection | date= 2 June 2015 | access-date=15 July 2023}}</ref><ref>Cloake, p. 198</ref> When the hospital was demolished in 1925, the entrance was made permanent, with public access, as a pedestrian gate.<ref name= McDowall71-78/>

===Buildings===
{{Infobox organization
|name         = Holly Lodge Centre
|image        = Holly_Lodge_Centre.png
|image_border =
|size         =
|caption      =
|abbreviation =
|formation    = 1994<ref name="Famous">{{cite press release | url=https://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/richmond-park/richmond-park-news/famous-faces-celebrate-20-years-of-the-holly-lodge-centre-in-richmond-park | title=Famous faces celebrate 20 years of the Holly Lodge Centre in Richmond Park | publisher=[[The Royal Parks]] | date=19 August 2014 | access-date=24 April 2021}}</ref>
|status       = Registered charity<ref name="Charity"/>
|purpose      =
|headquarters = Holly Lodge
|location     = Richmond Park, [[Richmond, London]], [[United Kingdom]]
|region_served = [[Greater London]] and [[Surrey]]<ref name="Charity"/>
|membership   =
|language     =
|leader_title = 
|leader_name  = 
|main_organ   = ''Stepping Stones'' (quarterly newsletter)
|parent_organization =
|affiliations =
|num_staff    = 2
|num_volunteers = 90
|budget       = £121,168<ref name="Charity">{{cite web | url=https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-search/-/charity-details/3962825 | title=1076741&nbsp;– Holly Lodge Centre | publisher=[[Charity Commission]] | work=Find charities | access-date=5 March 2024}}</ref>
|website      = {{URL|https://www.thehollylodgecentre.org.uk/}}
|remarks      =
}}

The park includes a Grade I [[listed building]], White Lodge. The park's boundary wall, and ten other buildings, are also Grade II listed:<ref name="Management Plan 16-29"/><ref name="listed">{{cite web | url=https://www.richmond.gov.uk/media/18000/listed_buildings_register.pdf | title=Listed buildings Register| publisher=[[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]] | date=14 October 2019 | access-date=31 July 2023}}</ref> Ham Gate Lodge, built in 1742;<ref>Cloake, p. 108</ref> Holly Lodge (formerly known as Bog Lodge) and the [[game larder]] in its courtyard, built in 1735;<ref name="Management Plan 16-29"/><ref name="listed"/> Pembroke Lodge; Richmond Gate and Richmond Gate Lodge, dated 1798 and designed by Sir John Soane;<ref name="Pollard and Crompton 42">Pollard and Crompton, p. 42</ref><ref name="Soane"/><ref name="Richmond Gate Lodge listing">{{National Heritage List for England |num=1263361 |desc=Richmond Gate Lodge, Screen Walls, Gate Piers and Gates|date = 10 January 1950|access-date= 19 October 2016}}</ref>  Thatched House Lodge; and White Ash Lodge and its barns and stables, built in the 1730s or 1740s.<ref name="Management Plan 16-29"/><ref name="listed"/><ref name="FRP Guide100">{{cite book | title=''"Buildings" in'' Guide to Richmond Park | author=Michael Davison | author-link=Buildings |publisher=[[Friends of Richmond Park]] | year=2011 | page=100|isbn= 978-0-9527847-0-8}}</ref><ref name="White Ash Lodge listing">{{National Heritage List for England |num=1250204 |desc=White Ash Lodge|date = 30 January 1976|access-date= 19 October 2016}}</ref>

The freebord or "deer leap" is a strip of land 5 metres (16'6") wide, running around most of the perimeter of the park. Owned by the Crown, it allows access to the outside of the boundary wall for inspection and repairs. Householders whose property backs on to the park can use this land by paying an annual fee.<ref name="Management Plan 11">{{cite web | url=https://www.royalparks.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/41767/richmond-park-management-plan.pdf | title=Public Access | publisher=[[The Royal Parks]] | work=Richmond Park Management Plan 2008–2018 | date=January 2008 | access-date=8 September 2024 | page=11 | archive-date=2 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202164014/https://www.royalparks.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/41767/richmond-park-management-plan.pdf }}</ref><ref name="Deer Leap">{{Cite web |author=Robert Wood|title=The "Deer Leap" of Richmond Park |url=https://www.richmondhistory.org.uk/wordpress/history-of-richmond/the-deer-leap-of-richmond-park/ |publisher= [[Richmond Local History Society]]|access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref>

====Holly Lodge====
[[File:Holly Lodge.jpg|thumb|Holly Lodge]]
In 1735, a new lodge, Cooper's Lodge, was built on the site of Hill Farm.<ref name="FRP Guide96">{{cite book | title=''"Buildings" in'' Guide to Richmond Park | author=Michael Davison|publisher=[[Friends of Richmond Park]] | year=2011 | page=96|isbn=978-0-9567469-0-0}}</ref> It was renamed Lucas's Lodge in 1771 and Bog Lodge in the 1790s.<ref name = "WoodHL">{{Cite journal |last=Robert Wood|publisher= [[Richmond Local History Society]]|date=November 2023 |title=How Bog Lodge became Holly Lodge|journal=Richmond History |volume=44 |page=22|issn=0263-0958}}</ref> Bog Lodge was renamed Holly Lodge in 1993<ref name= "Pollard and Crompton 22">Pollard and Crompton, p. 22</ref> and now contains a visitors' centre (bookings only), the park's administrative headquarters and a base for the [[Metropolitan Police]]'s Royal Parks Operational Command Unit.

Holly Lodge also includes the '''Holly Lodge Centre''', an organisation which provides an opportunity for people of all ages and abilities to enjoy and learn from a series of hands-on experiences, focusing particularly on the environment and in the [[Victorian era|Victorian]] history and heritage of Richmond Park. The centre, which is [[wheelchair-accessible]] throughout,<ref name="About"/> was opened in 1994.<ref name="Famous"/> It was founded by Mike Fitt,<ref name="Famous"/><ref name="Holly Lodge People"/> who was then The Royal Parks' Superintendent of Richmond Park and later became Deputy Chief Executive of London's Royal Parks. A registered charity,<ref name="Charity"/> the Holly Lodge Centre received the [[Queen's Award for Voluntary Service]] in 2005.

[[Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy|Princess Alexandra]] has been Holly Lodge Centre's Royal Patron since 2007.<ref name="Holly Lodge People">{{cite web | url=https://thehollylodgecentre.org.uk/about/| title=Who we are | publisher=Holly Lodge Centre | work=About us | access-date=18 October 2023}}</ref> In 2011 she opened the centre's Victorian-themed pharmacy, ''Mr Palmer's Chymist''. This includes the original interior, artefacts and dispensing records dating from 1865, from a [[Pharmacy|chemist's shop]] in [[Mortlake]], and is used for educational activities. The centre also includes a replica Victorian schoolroom, and a [[kitchen garden]] planted with varieties of vegetables used in Victorian times and [[herbs]] cultivated for their medicinal properties.<ref name="About">{{cite web | url=https://www.thehollylodgecentre.org.uk/about/ | title=Facilities  | publisher=Holly Lodge Centre  | access-date=5 March 2024}}</ref>

====Pembroke Lodge====
{{Main|Pembroke Lodge}}
[[File:Pembroke Lodge 10233-5.jpg|thumb| [[Pembroke Lodge]]]]
[[Pembroke Lodge]] and some associated houses stand in their own garden within the park. In 1847 Pembroke Lodge became the home of the then [[Prime Minister]], [[Lord John Russell]],<!--overlink, seems reasonable given length of article--> and from 1876 to 1890 was the childhood home of his grandson, [[Bertrand Russell]].<ref name = "HirschlerBR">{{Cite journal |last=Rachel Hirschler|publisher= [[Richmond Local History Society]]|date=November 2023 |title=Bertrand Russell's childhood years at Pembroke Lodge |journal=Richmond History |volume=44 |page=6|issn=0263-0958}}</ref> It is now a popular restaurant with views across the Thames Valley.

====Thatched House Lodge====
{{Main|Thatched House Lodge}}
[[File:Thatched House Lodge.jpg|thumb|[[Thatched House Lodge]]]]
Thatched House Lodge was the London home of United States General [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] during the Second World War. Since 1963 it has been the residence of [[Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy]]. It was originally built as two houses in 1673 for two Richmond Park Keepers, as Aldridge Lodge, and was enlarged in 1727, possibly by [[William Kent]], as a home for [[Sir Robert Walpole]]. The two houses were joined and renamed Thatched House Lodge in 1771 by Sir John Soane. The gardens include an 18th-century two-room [[Thatching|thatched]] summer house which gave the main house its name.

====White Lodge====
[[File:White Lodge.jpg|right|thumb|[[White Lodge, Richmond Park|White Lodge]]]]
{{Main|White Lodge}}
Built as a  [[Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom#Hunting lodge|hunting lodge]] for [[George II of Great Britain|George II]] by the architect [[Roger Morris (1695–1749)|Roger Morris]], White Lodge was completed in 1730. Its many famous residents have included members of the Royal Family. The future king [[Edward VIII]] was born at White Lodge in 1894;<ref>{{cite web |access-date = 27 December 2023|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/surrey/vol3/pp533-546 |title=Parishes: Richmond (anciently Sheen) |editor=[[Henry Elliot Malden|H E Malden]] |publisher=[[Institute of Historical Research]] |year=1911 |work=A History of the County of Surrey: Volume 3}}</ref> his brother [[George VI|Prince Albert, Duke of York (the future George VI)]] and [[Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother|the Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother)]] lived there in the 1920s. The [[Royal Ballet School]] (formerly Sadler's Wells Ballet) has been based since 1955<ref name= "Cloake 201"/> at [[White Lodge]] where younger ballet students continue to be trained.

====Bishop's Gate Lodge====
Bishop's Gate Lodge takes its name from a gamekeeper who was on the staff in the first half of the 19th century. A reference dated 1854 said that the keeper had had access to the lodge for the past fifty years. The lodge is not shown on the 1813 plan of the park, but appears on the plans of 1850, and its layout seems to have changed little from that time. It forms part of a view over the park, and beyond, that is much favoured by amateur painters.<ref>{{harvnb|Rabbitts|2014|p=}}{{Verify source|date=October 2020}}<!-- I cannot find supporting statements in the Rabbitts google book content - please add page no if you do! --></ref>

====Other buildings====
Oak Lodge, near Sidmouth Wood, was built in about 1852 as a home for the park [[bailiff]], who was responsible for repair and maintenance in the park.<ref name="FRP Guide101">{{cite book | title=''"Buildings" in'' Guide to Richmond Park | publisher=[[#Friends of Richmond Park|Friends of Richmond Park]] | author=Michael Davison | author-link=Buildings | year=2011 | page=101 | isbn=978-09567469-0-0}}</ref> It is used by The Royal Parks as its base for a similar function today.<ref name="FRP Guide101"/>

There are also gate lodges at Chohole Gate, Kingston Gate, Robin Hood Gate, Roehampton Gate<ref name="Roehampton Gate">{{cite web | url= https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/676527 | title=Richmond Park: Roehampton Gate and Lodge | publisher=[[Geograph]] | access-date=8 October 2012 | author=Nigel Cox}}</ref> and at Sheen Gate, which also has a [[bungalow]] (Sheen Gate Bungalow).<ref name ="Living in the Royal Parks">{{cite web | url=https://www.royalparks.org.uk/park-management/licences-and-permits/living-in-the-royal-parks | title=Living in the Parks | publisher=[[The Royal Parks]] | access-date=7 February 2015 | archive-date=7 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207051346/https://www.royalparks.org.uk/park-management/licences-and-permits/living-in-the-royal-parks }}</ref> Ladderstile Cottage, at Ladderstile Gate, was built in the 1780s.<ref name = "McDowall 73">McDowall, p. 73</ref>

====Former buildings====
[[File:Sir Richard Owen, K.C.B., F.R.S. and Sheen Lodge, Richmond Park.png|thumb|Sheen Lodge (above) and [[Sir Richard Owen]]]]
A map by John Eyre, "Plan of His Majesty's New Park", shows a [[summer house]] near Richmond Gate.<ref name= Eyre/>

Several buildings already existed within the park when it was created. One of these was a manor house at Petersham which was renamed Petersham Lodge. During the [[Commonwealth of England|Commonwealth]] period it became accommodation for one of the park's deputy keepers, [[Lodowick Carlell]] (or Carlile), who was also a renowned playwright in his day,<ref>McDowall, p. 47</ref> and his wife, [[Joan Carlile]], one of the first women to practise painting professionally.<ref name="Toynbee and Isham">{{cite journal | jstor= 871403 | title=Joan Carlile (1606?–1679): An Identification | series=Documents concerning artistic associates of Santa Maria della Scala | author1=Margaret Toynbee | author2=[[Gyles Isham]] | journal= [[The Burlington Magazine]]|volume= 96| pages=275–274 |number= 618 |date= September 1954 }}</ref>

Elizabeth, [[Countess of Dysart]], and her husband [[Sir Lionel Tollemache, 3rd Baronet|Sir Lionel Tollemache]], took over Petersham Lodge when they became joint keepers of Richmond Park. After Tollemache's death the Lodge and its surrounding land were leased in 1686 to [[Lawrence Hyde, Earl of Rochester]], whose sister [[Anne Hyde|Anne]] was married to the new king, [[James II of England|James II]]. It became a private park and was subsequently landscaped. By 1692 Rochester had demolished the Lodge and replaced it with a splendid new mansion in his "New Park". In 1732, a new Petersham Lodge was built to replace it after a fire.<ref>Cloake, p. 28</ref> This Petersham Lodge was demolished in 1835.<ref name = "Cloake 190"/>

Professor [[Sir Richard Owen]], the first Director of the [[Natural History Museum, London|Natural History Museum]], lived at Sheen Cottage until his death in 1892.<ref name = "WoodSC"/><ref name="Victorian scientist">{{cite news | url=https://www.richmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk/news/452137.remembering-victorian-scientist/| title=Remembering Victorian scientist | work=[[Richmond and Twickenham Times]] | author=James Adlam|date=22 January 2004 | access-date=31 July 2023}}</ref> The cottage was destroyed by enemy action in 1944.<ref name = "WoodSC"/><ref>McDowall, pp. 94–95</ref> The remains of the cottage can be seen in patches and irregularities in the wall 220 metres from Sheen Gate.<ref name = "WoodSC"/><ref name = "McDowall 73"/>

A [[bandstand]], similar to one in [[Kensington Gardens]],  was erected near Richmond Gate in 1931. In 1975, after many years of disuse, it was moved to [[Regent's Park]].<ref name="Photographs86">{{cite book | title=Richmond in Old Photographs | publisher=Alan Sutton Publishing | editor=[[John Cloake]] |author=Compiled by members of the [[Richmond, London#Societies|Richmond Local History Society]] | page= 86 |year = 1990| isbn=978-0-86299-855-4}}</ref>

===Viewpoints===
[[File:St Paul's 20997r.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[protected view]] of [[St Paul's Cathedral|St Paul's]] from King Henry's Mound, before the [[Manhattan Loft Gardens]] development was built]]
There is a [[protected view]] of [[St Paul's Cathedral]] from King Henry's Mound, and also from Sawyer's Hill a view of central London in which the [[London Eye]], [[Tower 42]] (formerly the NatWest Tower) and [[30 St Mary Axe]] ("The Gherkin") appear to be close to one another.<ref name="Viewpoints">{{cite web | url=http://www.richmondparklondon.co.uk/walks/bestviewpoints.html | title=Best viewpoints in Richmond Park | publisher=www.richmondparklondon.co.uk | access-date=2 February 2015}}</ref>

====King Henry's Mound====
[[File:Panorama of King Henry's Mound.jpg|thumb|upright=2|Panorama of King Henry's Mound]]

King Henry's Mound, which may have been a [[Neolithic]] burial barrow,<ref name="Myths">{{cite journal | url=https://www.richmondhistory.org.uk/wordpress/two-incorrect-myths-concerning-richmond-park/|title='Sheene Chase' and 'King Henry VIII's Mound': two incorrect myths concerning Richmond Park | author=John Cloake | journal=[[Richmond, London#Societies|Richmond History: The Journal of Richmond History Society]] | year=2014 | volume=35|pages=38–40| author-link=John Cloake|access-date= 8 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Bridget Cherry |author2-link=Nikolaus Pevsner |author2=Nickolaus Pevsner |title=The Buildings of England – London 2 – South|date=1983|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|location=Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England| isbn= 978-0-14-071047-2|page=102|author1-link=Bridget Cherry }}</ref> was listed in 2020 by Historic England<ref name="King Henry's listing"/> along with another (unnamed) mound in the park which could be a [[long barrow]].<ref name="Mound listing"/><ref name="Ancient"/><ref name="Protected BBC"/> King Henry's Mound is located within the public gardens of Pembroke Lodge. At various times the mound's name has been connected with Henry VIII or with his father Henry VII.<ref name="Myths"/> However, there is no evidence to support the legend that Henry VIII stood on the mound to watch for a sign from St Paul's that [[Anne Boleyn]] had been executed at the [[Tower of London|Tower]] and that he was then free to marry [[Jane Seymour]].<ref name="Myths"/>

To the west of King Henry's Mound is a [[panorama]] of the [[Thames Valley]].<ref name="Viewpoints"/> [[St Paul's Cathedral]], over 10 miles (16&nbsp;km) to the east, can be seen through the naked eye or via a [[telescope]] that has been installed on the Mound. This vista, created soon after the cathedral was completed in 1710,<ref name="Batten">{{cite web | url=https://www.frp.org.uk/james-batten-st-pauls-view/ | title=James Batten & St Paul's view | publisher=[[#Friends of Richmond Park|Friends of Richmond Park]] | work=News stories | access-date=19 July 2022 | author=Michael Davison| date=15 August 2013 }}</ref> is protected by a "dome and a half" width of sky on either side. In 2005 the then Mayor of London, [[Ken Livingstone]], sought to overturn this protection and reduce it to "half a dome". In 2009 his successor, [[Boris Johnson]], promised to reinstate the wider view, though also approving a development at [[London Victoria station|Victoria Station]] which, when completed, will obscure its right-hand corner.<ref name= "Pollard and Crompton 12">Pollard and Crompton, p. 12</ref> New gates − "The Way" − which can be viewed through the King Henry's Mound telescope, were installed in 2012 on the edge of Sidmouth Wood to mark the 300th anniversary of St Paul's.<ref>{{cite news | url= http://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/news/local/richmondnews/9748305.Tercentenary_gates_unveiled_at_Richmond_Park/ | title= Tercentenary gates unveiled at Richmond Park | work=[[Richmond and Twickenham Times]] | date=7 June 2012 | access-date=3 October 2012 | author=Christine Fleming}}</ref>

In December 2016, it was reported that [[Manhattan Loft Gardens]], a 42-storey 135m-tall apartment building under construction in [[Stratford, London|Stratford]], an area of London not covered by these planning restrictions, had "destroyed" the view from the park as it can now be seen behind the framed view of the cathedral's dome.  The developers said that "Despite going through the correct planning processes in a public and transparent manner, at no point was the subject of visual impact to St Paul's ever raised" by the [[Olympic Delivery Authority]] or the [[Greater London Authority]] and that they were looking into the issues raised by the development.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/news/st-paul-s-admirers-take-dim-view-of-tower-hk8vr7ld2|title=St Paul's admirers take dim view of tower|author= Ben Webster|date=5 December 2016|work=[[The Times]]|access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref>

In November 2017, the Friends of Richmond Park reported that their campaigning on the issue had resulted in the Mayor of London, [[Sadiq Khan]], instructing London planners to consult the [[Greater London Authority]] on planning requests for high-rise buildings which, if built, could affect the visibility of St Paul's from established viewpoints. His instruction has now been incorporated into planning procedures across Greater London.<ref name="Planning">{{Cite web |url=https://www.frp.org.uk/st-pauls-view-safeguarded/|title=St Paul's view safeguarded |publisher=[[#Friends of Richmond Park|Friends of Richmond Park]] |date=November 2017 |access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref>

===Plantings and memorials===
[[File:Isabella Plantation - geograph.org.uk - 587462.jpg|thumb|left|[[Azaleas]] flowering in [[Isabella Plantation]] in springtime]]
[[File:Prince Charles' Spinney, Richmond Park - geograph.org.uk - 349496.jpg|thumb|upright|"Handkerchief" tree (''[[Davidia involucrata]]'') in Prince Charles' Spinney]]

The park's open slopes and woods are based on lowland [[acid soils]]. The grassland is mostly managed by grazing. The park contains numerous woods and copses, some created with donations from members of the public.

Between 1819 and 1835, [[Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth|Lord Sidmouth]], Deputy Ranger, established several new plantations and enclosures, including Sidmouth Wood and the ornamental [[Isabella Plantation]], both of which are fenced to keep the deer out.<ref name= "Landscape History"/><ref name = "Cloake 196"/> After World War II the existing woodland at Isabella Plantation was transformed into a woodland garden, and is organically run, resulting in a rich flora and fauna. Opened to the public in 1953,<ref name= "Pollard and Crompton 32">Pollard and Crompton, p. 32</ref>  it is now a major visitor attraction in its own right.  It is best known for the flowering, in April and May, of its [[evergreen]] [[azaleas]] and [[camellias]], which have been planted next to its ponds and streams. There are also many rare and unusual trees and shrubs.<ref name="TRP Isabella">{{cite web | url=https://www.royalparks.org.uk/visit/parks/richmond-park/isabella-plantation| title=Isabella Plantation | publisher=[[The Royal Parks]] | work=Richmond Park | access-date=14 February 2024}}</ref>

The Jubilee Plantation was created in 1887 to commemorate the [[Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria]]..<ref>{{harvnb|Rabbitts|2014|p=120}}</ref> Prince Charles' Spinney was planted out in 1951<ref>McDowall, p. 131</ref> with trees protected from the deer by fences, to preserve a natural habitat. The bluebell glade is managed to encourage native British bluebells. Teck Plantation, established in 1905,<ref name= "McDowall 122">McDowall, p. 122</ref> commemorates the Duke and Duchess of Teck, who lived at White Lodge. Their daughter Mary married [[George V]].<ref name="McDowall 70"/> Tercentenary Plantation, in 1937,<ref name= "McDowall 122"/> marked the 300th anniversary of the enclosure of the park. Victory Plantation was established in 1946<ref name= "McDowall 122"/> to mark the end of the Second World War. Queen Mother's Copse, a small triangular enclosure on the woodland hill halfway between Robin Hood Gate and Ham Gate, was established in 1980<ref name= "McDowall 122"/> to commemorate the 80th birthday of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.

The park lost over 1000 mature trees during the [[Great Storm of 1987]] and the [[Burns' Day Storm]] of 1990. The subsequent replanting included a new plantation, Two Storms Wood, a short distance into the park from Sheen Gate. Some extremely old trees can also be seen inside this enclosure.<ref name="Listed"/>

Bone Copse, which was named in 2005, was started by the Bone family in 1988 by purchasing and planting a tree from the park authorities in memory of Bessie Bone who died in that year. Trees have been added annually, and in 1994 her husband Frederick Bone also died. The annual planting has been continued by their children.

The park's Platinum Jubilee Woodland, marking the [[Platinum Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II]], was opened by Sir David Attenborough in 2023.<ref name="Jubilee woodland">{{Cite web |date=20 March 2023 |title=Sir David Attenborough plants a tree for a new woodland in Richmond Park to honour the Late Queen Elizabeth II |url=https://www.frp.org.uk/sir-david-attenborough-plants-a-tree-for-a-new-woodland-in-richmond-park-to-honour-the-late-queen-elizabeth-ii/ |access-date=2 April 2023 |website=Friends of Richmond Park}}</ref>

====James Thomson and Poet's Corner====
[[File:Ian Dury-Memorial Bench.jpg|thumb|right|[[Ian Dury]] [[memorial bench]]]]
Poet's Corner, an area at the north end of Pembroke Lodge Gardens, commemorates the poet  [[James Thomson (poet, born 1700)|James Thomson]] (1700–1748), who was living in Richmond at the time of his death. A curved metal bench inscribed with lines by Thomson and known as ''Poet's Seat'' is located there. Sculpted by Richard Farrington, it was based on an idea by Jane Fowles.<ref name="Farrington">{{cite web | url=http://www.richardfarrington.com/seats_richmond.htm | title=Richmond&nbsp;– Poet's Seat | publisher=Richard Farrington: Sculptor | access-date=28 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042022/http://www.richardfarrington.com/seats_richmond.htm | archive-date=4 March 2016 | df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Monuments">{{cite web | url=https://www.royalparks.org.uk/press-and-media/factsheets-on-the-royal-parks/monuments/monuments-in-richmond-park | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511191959/http://www.royalparks.org.uk/press/factsheets-on-the-royal-parks/monuments/monuments-in-richmond-park |archive-date=11 May 2012 | title=Monuments in Richmond Park | publisher=[[The Royal Parks]] | access-date=7 February 2015}}</ref>

A wooden memorial plaque with an [[ode]] to Thomson by the writer and historian [[John Heneage Jesse]] was formerly located near Pembroke Lodge stables, where it was installed in 1851. The plaque was replaced by the [[Selborne Society]] in 1895.<ref name="Monuments"/>

In 2014 Poet's Corner was re-sited to the other side of the main path and the ode, on a re-gilded board, was installed in a completely new oak frame. The new Poet's Corner, funded by the Friends of Richmond Park and the Visitor Centre at Pembroke Lodge, and by a donation in memory of Wendy Vachell, also includes three curved benches made from reclaimed [[teak]]. The benches are inscribed with a couplet by the Welsh poet [[W. H. Davies]], "A poor life this, if, full of care, we have no time to stand and stare".<ref name="New Poet's Corner">{{cite journal | title=New Poet's Corner | journal=Friends of Richmond Park Newsletter |date=Autumn 2014 | page=6}}</ref>

Benches, also sculpted by Richard Farrrington,<ref name="Farrington"/> at King Henry's Mound are inscribed with a few lines from  [[The Seasons (Thomson)|Thomson's poem "The Seasons"]].<ref name="Monuments"/>

Poet's Corner is linked to King Henry's Mound by the John Beer Laburnum Arch, named after one of Pembroke Lodge Gardens' former charge-hands. The arch has a display of yellow [[laburnum]] flowers in May.<ref name="FRP Guide73">{{cite book | title=''"Gardens" in'' Guide to Richmond Park | author=Jo Scrivener|publisher=[[Friends of Richmond Park]] | year=2011 | page=73|isbn=978-0-9567469-0-0}}</ref>

====Ian Dury====

In 2002 a "musical bench", designed by Mil Stricevic,<ref name="Stricevic">{{cite web  | website= Milish|title=Reasons to be Cheerful 2000| url=https://www.milish.studio/#/reasons-to-be-cheerful/| access-date=14 February 2024 }}</ref> was placed in a favoured viewing spot of rock singer and lyricist [[Ian Dury]] (1942–2000) near Poet's Corner. On the back of the bench are the words "[[Reasons to be Cheerful, Part 3|Reasons to be cheerful]]", the title of one of Dury's songs.<ref name="Monuments"/> The [[solar-power]]ed seat was intended to allow visitors to plug in and listen to eight of his songs as well as an interview, but was subjected to repeated [[vandalism]].<ref name="Mirror">{{cite news | url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/the-blockheads-star-ian-durys-musical-203992 | title=The Blockheads star Ian Dury's musical memorial repeatedly vandalised in London's Richmond Park | work=[[Daily Mirror]] | location= London|date=26 January 2012 | access-date=4 July 2024}}</ref> In 2015 the bench was refurbished and the [[MP3 players]] and solar panels were replaced with metal plates on which a [[QR code]] can be scanned via a [[smartphone]].  Visitors can access nine [[Ian Dury and the Blockheads]] songs and hear Dury's ''[[Desert Island Discs]]'' interview with [[Sue Lawley]], first broadcast on [[BBC Radio 4]] on 15 December 1996.<ref name="Dury bench">{{Cite web |url=https://iandury.co.uk/memorial-bench/ |title=The 'Reasons to Be Cheerful' Sonic Vista Bench |website= [[Ian Dury]]|access-date=1 January 2024}}</ref>

==Nature==

===Wildlife===

Originally created for deer hunting, Richmond Park now has 630 [[Red deer|red]] and [[fallow deer]]<ref name= "TRP Deer">{{cite web|url= https://www.royalparks.org.uk/visit/parks/richmond-park/deer-richmond-park|title= Deer in Richmond Park|publisher= [[The Royal Parks]]|access-date= 14 February 2024}}</ref> that roam freely within much of the park. A cull takes place each November and February to ensure numbers can be sustained;<ref name="Deer cull begins">{{cite news | url=https://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/news/10026864.richmond-park-deer-cull-begins/| title=Richmond Park deer cull begins | work=Wandsworth Guardian | date=5 November 2012 | access-date=27 December 2023| author=Rachel Bishop | location=London}}</ref> about 200 deer are culled annually and the meat is sold to licensed game dealers.<ref name="Rutter">{{Cite news |url=https://www.richmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk/news/17393173.deer-killed-in-two-richmond-parks-net-more-than-250000-from-luxury-game-dealer-in-past-five-years/ |title=Deer killed in two Richmond parks net more than £250,000 from luxury game dealer in past five years |author=Calum Rutter|date=29 January 2019 |work=[[Richmond and Twickenham Times]] |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="Culling">{{Cite news |url=http://www.richmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk/news/15449347.Richmond_Park_under_the_spotlight_as_cash_made_by_deer_culling_is_revealed/ |title=Richmond Park under the spotlight after FOI reveals profits made after deer culling |date=2 August 2017 |work=[[Richmond and Twickenham Times]] |access-date=4 September 2018}}</ref> Some deer are also killed in road accidents, through ingesting litter such as small items of plastic, or by dogs.

The park is an important refuge for other wildlife, including [[woodpecker]]s, [[squirrel]]s, [[rabbit]]s, [[snake]]s, [[frog]]s, [[toad]]s, [[stag beetle]]s and many other [[insect]]s plus numerous ancient trees and varieties of [[fungi]]. It is particularly notable for its rare beetles.<ref name=NNR/>

Richmond Park supports a large population of [[rose-ringed parakeet|ring-necked parakeets]]. These bred from birds that escaped or were freed from captivity.<ref name="McCarthy">{{cite news | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/nature/parakeets-cause-problems-for-british-wildlife-2165449.html | title=Parakeets cause problems for British wildlife | work=[[The Independent]] | date=20 December 2010 | access-date=3 February 2015 | author=Michael McCarthy}}</ref>

<gallery class=center mode=nolines heights=180 widths=220>
File:Stag and Skylark Richmond Park.JPG|[[Red deer]] stag and [[starling]]
File:Psittacula krameri -Richmond Park, London, England-8.jpg|A female [[rose-ringed parakeet|ring-necked parakeet]]
File:Corvus_monedula_grass_cropped.jpg|[[Western jackdaw|Jackdaw]]
</gallery>

===Ponds and streams===

There are about 30 ponds in the park. Some&nbsp;– including Barn Wood Pond, Bishop's Pond, Gallows Pond, Leg of Mutton Pond, Martin's Pond and White Ash Pond&nbsp;– have been created to drain the land or to provide water for livestock. The Pen Ponds (which in the past were used to rear [[carp]] for food)<ref name="FRP Guide16">{{cite book | title=''"Ecology" in'' Guide to Richmond Park | author=Nigel Reeve|publisher=[[Friends of Richmond Park]] | year=2011 | page=16|isbn=978-0-9567469-0-0}}</ref> date from 1746.<ref name="Landscape History"/> They were formed when a trench was dug in the early 17th century to drain a boggy area; later in that century this was widened and deepened by the extraction of gravel for local building. The Ponds now take in water from streams flowing from the higher ground around them and release it to [[Beverley Brook]]. Beverley Brook and the two Pen Ponds are most visible areas of water in the park.<ref name="Davison">{{cite web | url=http://www.frp.org.uk/pdf/frp/401_Water_in_the_Park_.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207051757/http://www.frp.org.uk/pdf/frp/401_Water_in_the_Park_.pdf |archive-date=7 February 2015 |title=Water in the Park | publisher=[[#Friends of Richmond Park|Friends of Richmond Park]] | access-date=7 March 2024 | author=Michael Davison}}</ref>

<gallery class=center mode=nolines heights=180 widths=220>
File:Pen Ponds, Richmond Park - geograph.org.uk - 17621.jpg|This is the southern and upper of the two Pen Ponds.
File:Richmond Park's Upper Pen Pond drained for work on outflow.jpg|The upper Pen Pond drained to protect its dam during work on its outflow
</gallery>

Beverley Brook rises at Cuddington Recreation Ground in [[Worcester Park]]<ref name=inwood>{{cite book | title=Historic London: An Explorer's Companion | author= Stephen Inwood | publisher=[[Pan Macmillan]] | year=2008 | isbn=978-0-230-70598-2 | page=382 }}</ref> and enters the park (where it is followed by the Tamsin Trail and Beverley Walk) at Robin Hood Gate, creating a water feature used by deer, smaller animals and water grasses and some [[Nymphaeaceae|water lilies]].  Its name is derived from the former presence in the river of the [[European beaver]] (''Castor fiber''),<ref>{{cite book | title=Place-names of Greater London | author=John Field | publisher=[[Batsford]] | year=1980 | isbn=978-0-7134-2538-3 | pages=30,166}}</ref> a species extinct in Britain since the 16th century.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Castorologia: Or The History and Traditions of the Canadian Beaver |journal= Nature |volume= 47 |issue= 1210 |author= Horace T. Martin |s2cid= 4010227 |year=1892 |publisher=W. Drysdale |isbn=978-0-665-07939-9 |page=26 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SRgPAAAAYAAJ |bibcode= 1893Natur..47..224. |doi= 10.1038/047224a0 |hdl= 2027/hvd.32044107351124 |hdl-access= free }}</ref>

Most of the streams in the park drain into Beverley Brook but a spring above Dann's Pond flows to join [[Sudbrook (stream)|Sudbrook]] (from "South brook") on the park boundary. Sudbrook flows through a small valley known as Ham Dip and has been dammed and enlarged in two places to form Ham Dip Pond and Ham Gate Pond, first mapped in 1861 and 1754 respectively. These were created for the watering of deer.<ref>McDowall, pp. 131–132</ref> Both ponds underwent restoration work including de-silting, which was completed in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.frp.org.uk/work-starts-on-more-ponds/ |date=27 September 2012 |title=Work starts on more ponds |publisher=[[#Friends of Richmond Park|Friends of Richmond Park]] |access-date=1 January 2024}}</ref> Sudbrook drains the western [[escarpment]] of the hill that, to the east, forms part of the catchment of Beverley Brook and, to the south, the [[Hogsmill River]]. Sudbrook is joined by the [[Latchmere stream]] just beyond Ham Gate Pond. Sudbrook then flows into [[Sudbrook Park]], Petersham. Another stream rises north of Sidmouth Wood and goes through Conduit Wood towards the park boundary near Bog Gate.<ref name="Davison"/>

[[File:Stream in Isabella Plantation - geograph.org.uk - 1273691.jpg|thumb|A stream flows through the [[Isabella Plantation]].]]

A separate water system for Isabella Plantation was developed in the 1950s. Water from the upper Pen Pond is pumped to Still Pond, Thomson's Pond and Peg's Pond.<ref name="Davison"/>

The park's newest pond is Attenborough Pond, opened by and named after the broadcaster and naturalist [[Sir David Attenborough]] in July 2014.<ref name="New pond">{{cite journal | title=A new pond for the park | author=Michael Davison| journal=Friends of Richmond Park Newsletter |date=Autumn 2014 | page=8}}</ref> It was created as part of the park's [[#Friends of Richmond Park|Ponds and Streams Conservation Programme]].<ref name="Attenborough">{{cite web | url=https://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/richmond-park/richmond-park-news/sir-david-opens-attenborough-pond-in-richmond-park-and-launches-conservation-appeal-for-beverley-brook | title=Sir David opens Attenborough Pond in Richmond Park and launches conservation appeal for Beverley Brook | publisher=[[The Royal Parks]] | work=Richmond Park News | date=16 July 2014 | access-date=21 June 2023}}</ref>

==In culture==

===The Hearsum Collection===
{{Infobox organization
| name                = The Hearsum Collection
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| founder             = Daniel Hearsum (1958–2021)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daniel Paul Hearsum |url=https://www.memorygiving.com/danielpaulhearsum |access-date=10 May 2021 |website=Memory Giving}}</ref>
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| registration_id     =  1153010
| status              =  Registered charity
| purpose             = <!-- or |focus = --><!-- humanitarian, activism, peacekeeping, etc. -->
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| headquarters        =  [[Pembroke Lodge]], Richmond Park
| location_city       = [[Richmond, London]]
| location_country    = England, United Kingdom
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| leader_title        = Chair 
| leader_name         = Jane Hearsum
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'''The Hearsum Collection''' is a registered charity{{refn|group="nb"|Its charity registration number is 1153010.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regid=1153010&subid=0 | title=Charity overview: The Hearsum Collection | publisher=[[Charity Commission for England and Wales]]| access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref>}} that collects and preserves the heritage of Richmond Park. It has a collection, which was started by Daniel Hearsum (1958-2021) in 1997,<ref name="Park History">{{cite web | url= https://www.pembroke-lodge.co.uk/history/| title=History: Richmond Park History | publisher=[[Pembroke Lodge]] | access-date=19 February 2022}}</ref> of heritage material covering the last four centuries, with over 5000 items including antique prints, paintings,<ref name="FRP blog"/> maps, postcards, photographs, documents, books and press cuttings. Volunteers from the Friends of Richmond Park have been cataloguing them.<ref name="FRP blog">{{cite web | url=http://blog.frp.org.uk/tag/hearsum/ | title=History Volunteers welcome new paintings of Richmond Park | publisher=[[#Friends of Richmond Park|Friends of Richmond Park]] | work=FRP blog | date=19 May 2013 | access-date=29 June 2023 | archive-date=3 November 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103175920/http://blog.frp.org.uk/tag/hearsum/}}</ref> The Collection, which as of 2024 continues to be stored in unsatisfactory accommodation in Pembroke Lodge,<ref name="Hearsum video"/> is overseen by volunteers and part-time staff. The trustees announced in 2014 plans for a new purpose-built [[heritage centre]] to provide full public access to the Collection.<ref name="Hearsum video"/><ref name="Hearsum">{{cite web | url=https://hearsumcollection.org.uk/ | title=Welcome to The Hearsum Collection | publisher=[[#The Hearsum Collection|The Hearsum Collection]] | access-date=21 June 2023}}</ref><ref name="Guild">{{cite web | url=http://www.trpg.org.uk/history/history.php | title=Conserving Our Parks' Heritage | publisher=The Royal Parks Guild | access-date=3 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="Wood - heritage">{{cite journal | title=Consultation on new heritage centre | author=Robert Wood | journal=Friends of Richmond Park Newsletter |date=Autumn 2014 | page = 13}}</ref>

In April 2017 the Collection, in collaboration with The Royal Parks and Ireland's [[Office of Public Works]], mounted an exhibition at Dublin's [[Phoenix Park]] entitled ''Parks, Our Shared Heritage: The Phoenix Park, Dublin & The Royal Parks, London'', demonstrating the historical links between Richmond Park (and other Royal Parks in London) and Phoenix Park.<ref name="Fallon">{{Cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/homes-and-property/gardens/park-yourself-in-dublin-s-finest-garden-1.3025382 |title=Park yourself in Dublin's finest garden  |last=Fionnuala Fallon |date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |access-date=15 July 2023}}</ref> This exhibition was also displayed at the [[Mall Galleries]] in London in July and August 2017.<ref name="Mall">{{Cite web |url=https://www.mallgalleries.org.uk/whats-on/exhibitions/parks-our-shared-heritage |title=Parks – Our Shared Heritage |date=July 2017 |publisher=[[The Mall Galleries]] |location=London |access-date=22 September 2017}}</ref>

===Literature===

====Fiction====

Chapter 22 of [[George MacDonald]]'s novel ''The Marquis of Lossie'' (published in London in 1877 by [[Hurst and Blackett]])<ref name="Rees">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ORW9F05auG0C&q=Hurst+and+Blackett+1877+The+Marquis+of+Lossie&pg=PA153 | title=George MacDonald | publisher=[[Gale (publisher)#Imprints|Twayne Publishers Inc]] | location = New York|author=Richard H Rees | year=1972 | page=153}}</ref> is entitled "Richmond Park".<ref name="Lossie">{{cite web | url=http://www.online-literature.com/george-macdonald/marquis-of-lossie/22/ | title=Chapter 22: Richmond Park, The Marquis of Lossie | author=[[George MacDonald]] | website= The Literature Network|access-date=14 February 2024}}</ref>

In [[Georgette Heyer]]'s [[Regency romance]] ''[[Sylvester, or the Wicked Uncle]]'' (1957) there is an expedition to Richmond Park.<ref name="Sylvester">{{cite book | title=Sylvester, or the Wicked Uncle | publisher=[[William Heinemann]] | author=Georgette Heyer | year=1957 | location=London|pages=193 and 197| title-link=Sylvester, or the Wicked Uncle | author-link=Georgette Heyer }}</ref>

Isabella Plantation in Richmond Park is the scene of a picnic and a child's disappearance in chapters 9 and 10 of [[Chris Cleave]]'s 2008 novel ''[[The Other Hand]]''.<ref>[[Chris Cleave]] (2008). ''[[The Other Hand]]'' (American title ''Little Bee''). London: [[Hodder & Stoughton]] paperback, pp. 300–333.</ref> Richmond Park features in [[Jacqueline Wilson]]'s novel ''[[Lily Alone]]'' (2010) and in the poetry anthology she edited, ''Green Glass Beads'' (2011).<ref name="Wilson">{{cite web | url= https://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/youngreporter/9387275.poems-in-richmond-park/ | title=Poems in Richmond Park | work=Richmond Guardian | date=26 November 2011 | access-date=18 October 2023}}</ref>

Novelist [[Shena Mackay]] was commissioned by The Royal Parks to write a short story about Richmond Park named ''The Running of the Deer'' which was published in 2009.<ref name="Flood">{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/feb/17/royal-parks-stories-will-self |title=Bespoke short stories commissioned for London's royal parks |last=Alison Flood |date=17 February 2009 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref><ref>[https://www.waterstones.com/book/the-running-of-the-deer/shena-mackay/9780955876165 The Running of the Deer: Richmond Park – Park Stories Bk. 7 (Paperback)] Retrieved 10 May 2021.</ref>

[[Anthony Horowitz]]'s 2014 novel ''[[Moriarty (novel)|Moriarty]]'', about [[Arthur Conan Doyle]]'s character in his [[Sherlock Holmes]] stories, includes a scene set in Richmond Park.<ref name="Moriarty">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-uFRAwAAQBAJ&q=moriarty+horowitz+richmond+park&pg=PT219 | title=Moriarty | publisher=[[Orion Publishing Group|Orion]] | author=Anthony Horowitz | year=2014 | isbn=978-1-4091-0947-1| author-link=Anthony Horowitz }}</ref>

====Non-fiction====
''A Hind in Richmond Park'' by [[William Henry Hudson]], published in 1922 and republished in 2006, is an extended [[natural history]] essay. It includes an account of his visits to Richmond Park and a particular occasion when a young girl was struck by a red deer when she tried to feed it an acorn.<ref name="Hudson">{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/hindinrichmondpa00hud | title=A Hind in Richmond Park | author=William Henry Hudson| publisher=[[J. M. Dent|J M Dent and Sons Ltd]] | date=1922 | access-date=23 August 2018| author-link=William Henry Hudson }}</ref>

===Art===

====17th century====

The [[oil painting]] ''The Carlile Family with Sir Justinian Isham in Richmond Park'' is held at [[Lamport Hall]] in [[Northamptonshire]].<ref name="Art UK Carlile">{{cite web | url=https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/the-carlile-family-with-sir-justinian-isham-in-richmond-park-49201 | title=The Carlile Family with Sir Justinian Isham in Richmond Park by Joan Carlile |website=[[Art UK]] | access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref> It was painted by [[Joan Carlile]] (1600–1679) who lived at Petersham Lodge.<ref name="Toynbee and Isham"/>

====18th and 19th centuries====

[[File:Thomas Rowlandson - Richmond Park - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|''Richmond Park'' by [[Thomas Rowlandson]]]]A portrait by T Stewart (a pupil of [[Sir Joshua Reynolds]]) in 1758 of ''John Lewis, Brewer of Richmond, Surrey'', whose legal action forced Princess Amelia to reinstate pedestrian access to the park, is in the Richmond upon Thames Borough Art Collection. It is on display in Richmond Reference Library.<ref name="Art UK Lewis">{{cite web | url=https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/john-lewis-17131792-brewer-of-richmond-surrey-87382 | title=''John Lewis, Brewer of Richmond, Surrey'' by T Stewart|website=[[Art UK]] | access-date=30 September 2023}}</ref>

[[Joseph William Allen|Joseph Allen]]'s ''Sir Robert Walpole (1676–1745), 1st Earl of Orford, KG, as Ranger of Richmond Park (after Jonathan Richardson the Elder)'' is in the collection of the [[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty|National Trust]], and is held at [[Erddig]], [[Wrexham]].<ref name= "Art UK Allen">{{cite web | url= https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/sir-robert-walpole-16761745-1st-earl-of-orford-kg-as-ranger-of-richmond-park-100111| title=''Sir Robert Walpole (1676–1745), 1st Earl of Orford, KG, as Ranger of Richmond Park'' (after Jonathan Richardson the Elder) by Joseph Allen |website=[[Art UK]] | access-date=5 March 2024}}</ref> The painting is based on a portrait with a similar title, by [[Jonathan Richardson|Jonathan Richardson the Elder]] and [[John Wootton]], which is held at [[Norwich Castle| Norwich Castle Museum and Art Gallery]].<ref name= "BBC Richardson">{{cite web | url=https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/sir-robert-walpole-1st-earl-of-orford-as-a-ranger-of-richmond-park-228923 | title=''Sir Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, as a Ranger of Richmond Park'' by Jonathan Richardson the elder and John Wootton |website=[[Art UK]] | access-date=15 July 2023}}</ref>

Artist and [[caricaturist]] [[Thomas Rowlandson]] (1756–1827)'s drawing ''Richmond Park'' and [[James Smetham]]'s ''Lovers in Richmond Park'', painted in 1864, are held at the [[Yale Center for British Art]] in [[New Haven, Connecticut]].<ref name="Rowlandson">{{cite web | url=http://collections.britishart.yale.edu/vufind/Record/1669944 | title=Thomas Rowlandson, 1756–1827, Richmond Park, undated |website=[[Yale Center for British Art]] | access-date=26 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=James Smetham, 1821–1889, Lovers in Richmond Park, 1864|url=https://collections.britishart.yale.edu/catalog/tms:1339|access-date=5 March 2024|website=[[Yale Center for British Art]]}}</ref>

''The Earl of Dysart's Family in Richmond Park'' by [[William Frederick Witherington]] (1785–1865) is in The Hearsum Collection at Pembroke Lodge.<ref name="New paintings">{{cite web | url=http://blog.frp.org.uk/tag/painting/ | title=History Volunteers welcome new paintings of Richmond Park |website=[[#Friends of Richmond Park|Friends of Richmond Park]] |type=Blog | date=19 April 2013 | access-date=15 July 2013 | author=Mary Pollard | archive-date=13 October 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013071555/http://blog.frp.org.uk/tag/painting/ }}</ref>

''Landscape: View in Richmond Park'' was  painted in 1850 by the English Romantic painter [[John Martin (painter)|John Martin]]. It is held at the [[Fitzwilliam Museum]] in [[Cambridge]].<ref name="Martin Art UK">{{cite web | url= http://artuk.org/discover/artworks/landscape-view-in-richmond-park-5011 | title=''Landscape: View in Richmond Park'' |website=[[Art UK]] | access-date=21 July 2016}}</ref>

[[William Bennett (painter)|William Bennett]]'s [[watercolour]] ''In Richmond Park'', painted in 1852, is held by [[Tate Britain]]. It can be viewed, by appointment, at its Prints and Drawings Rooms.<ref name="Tate Bennett">{{cite web | url= http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/bennett-in-richmond-park-n01722 | title=William Bennett: ''In Richmond Park'' 1852 |website=[[Tate]] | access-date=4 January 2022}}</ref>
[[File:Andrew Geddes (1783 - 1844) - View in Richmond Park, A Small Bridge to the Right - ABDAG007603 - Aberdeen City Council (Archives, Gallery and Museums Collection).jpg|thumb| ''View in Richmond Park, A Small Bridge to the Right'' by [[Andrew Geddes (artist)|Andrew Geddes]]]]
The oil painting ''In Richmond Park'' (1856) by the Victorian painter [[Henry Moore (painter)|Henry Moore]] is in the collection of the [[York Museums Trust]].<ref name="Moore 1856">{{cite web | url=http://www.yorkmuseumstrust.org.uk/collections/search/item/?id=20000362&search_query=c2VhcmNoX3RleHQ9SGVucnkrTW9vcmU%3D | title=In Richmond Park |website=[[York Museums Trust]] | access-date=28 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Art UK Moore">{{cite web | url=http://artuk.org/discover/artworks/in-richmond-park-8276 | title=''In Richmond Park'' by Henry Moore |website=[[Art UK]] | access-date=21 July 2016}}</ref>

''Landscape with Deer, Richmond Park'' (1875) by Alfred Dawson is in the [[Reading Museum]]'s collection.<ref name="Dawson">{{cite web | url= https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/landscape-with-deer-richmond-park-41588| title= ''Landscape with Deer, Richmond Park'' |website=[[Art UK]] | access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref>

[[John Buxton Knight]]'s ''White Lodge, Richmond Park'', painted in 1898, is in the collection of [[Leeds]] Museums and Galleries.<ref name="BBC Buxton Knight">{{cite web | url=http://artuk.org/discover/artworks/white-lodge-richmond-park-38458 | title=''White Lodge, Richmond Park'' by John William Buxton Knight |website=[[Art UK]] | access-date=21 July 2016}}</ref>

[[Andrew Geddes (artist)|Andrew Geddes]]' ''View of Richmond Park, a Fountain on the Left'' (pre 1844), and ''View in Richmond Park, A Small Bridge to the Right'' (c.1826), are in the collection of [[Aberdeen Art Gallery|Aberdeen Archives, Gallery and Museums]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=View of Richmond Park, a Fountain on the Left|url=https://emuseum.aberdeencity.gov.uk/objects/6746/view-of-richmond-park-a-fountain-on-the-left|access-date=2022-02-19|website=emuseum.aberdeencity.gov.uk|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=View in Richmond Park, A Small Bridge to the Right|url=https://emuseum.aberdeencity.gov.uk/objects/6765/view-in-richmond-park-a-small-bridge-to-the-right|access-date=2022-02-19|website=emuseum.aberdeencity.gov.uk|language=en}}</ref>

====20th and 21st centuries====

The oil painting ''Richmond Park'' (1913) by Arthur George Bell is in the collection of the [[London Transport Museum]].<ref name="Art UK Bell">{{cite web | url= http://artuk.org/discover/artworks/richmond-park-215742 | title=''Richmond Park'' by Arthur George Bell|website=[[Art UK]] | access-date=16 July 2016}}</ref>

[[Spencer Frederick Gore|Spencer Gore]]'s painting ''Richmond Park'', thought to have been painted in the autumn of 1913 or shortly before the artist's death in March 1914, was exhibited at the [[William Rothenstein#Career|Paterson and Carfax Gallery]]<ref name="Carfax">{{cite web | url= http://www.artbiogs.co.uk/2/galleries/carfax-gallery | title=Carfax Gallery | work=Artist Biographies: British and Irish Artists of the 20th Century | access-date=17 October 2012}}</ref> in 1920. In 1939 it was exhibited in [[Warsaw]], [[Helsingfors]] and [[Stockholm]] by the [[British Council]] as ''Group of Trees''.<ref name="Tate 1">{{cite web | url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/gore-richmond-park-n05100 | title=''Spencer Gore: Richmond Park'' c.1914 | publisher=[[Tate Gallery]] | access-date=16 October 2012}}</ref> It is now in the collection of the [[Tate Gallery]] under its original title but is not currently on display.<ref name="Tate 1"/>  The painting is one of a series of landscapes painted in Richmond Park during the last months of Gore's life.<ref name="Art UK Gore 1">{{cite web | url=http://artuk.org/discover/artworks/richmond-park-198969/search/keyword:richmond-park-by-spencer-gore | title=''Richmond Park'' by Spencer Gore |website=[[Art UK]] | access-date=21 July 2016}}</ref> According to Tate curator Helena Bonett, Gore's early death from [[pneumonia]], two months before what would have been his 36th birthday, was brought on by his painting outdoors in Richmond Park in the cold and wet winter months.<ref name="Tate 2">{{cite book | url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/research-publications/camden-town-group/spencer-gore-r1105355| title=The Camden Town Group in Context: Spencer Gore 1878–1914  |publisher=[[Tate Gallery]] | access-date=7 March 2024| author=Helena Bonett | date= September 2009| isbn=978-1-84976-385-1 }}</ref> It is not certain where in the park the picture was made but a row of trees close to the pond near Cambrian Gate has a very close resemblance to those in the painting.<ref name="Tate Upstone">{{cite web | url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/research-publications/camden-town-group/spencer-gore-richmond-park-r1163001 | title=Spencer Gore: ''Richmond Park'' c.1914 | publisher=[[Tate Gallery]] | work=The Camden Town Group in Context | date=May 2009 | access-date=7 February 2015 | author=Robert Upstone | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207074140/http://www.tate.org.uk/art/research-publications/camden-town-group/spencer-gore-richmond-park-r1163001 | archive-date=7 February 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Another Gore painting, with the same title (''Richmond Park''), painted in 1914, is at the [[Ashmolean Museum]]. His painting ''Wood in Richmond Park'' is in the [[Birmingham Art Gallery]]'s collection.<ref name="Wood in Richmond Park">{{cite web | url= http://artuk.org/discover/artworks/wood-in-richmond-park-33967 | title=''Wood in Richmond Park'' by Spencer Gore |website=[[Art UK]] | access-date=21 July 2016}}</ref>

The oil painting ''Autumn, Richmond Park'' by [[Alfred James Munnings]] is at the [[Sir Alfred Munnings Art Museum]] in [[Colchester]].<ref name="Art UK Munnings">{{cite web | url=http://artuk.org/discover/artworks/autumn-richmond-park-3716| title=''Autumn, Richmond Park'' by Alfred James Munnings |website=[[Art UK]] | access-date=21 July 2016}}</ref>

Chinese artist [[Chiang Yee]] wrote and illustrated several books while living in Britain.  ''Deer in Richmond Park'' is Plate V in his book ''[[The Silent Traveller in London]]'', published in 1938.<ref name="Chiang Yee V&A">{{cite journal |url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/journals/research-journal/issue-no.-4-summer-2012/the-silent-traveller-chiang-yee-in-britain-1933-55/ |title=The silent traveller: Chiang Yee in Britain 1933–55 |author=Anna Wu |journal=V&A Online Journal |date=Summer 2012 |issue=4 |issn=2043-667X}}</ref>

''Trees, Richmond Park, Surrey'', painted in 1938 by [[Sir Francis Cook, 4th Baronet|Francis Ferdinand Maurice Cook]], is in the [[Manchester Art Gallery]]'s collection.<ref name="Art UK Cook">{{cite web | url=http://artuk.org/discover/artworks/trees-richmond-park-surrey-204730| title=''Trees, Richmond Park, Surrey'' by Francis Ferdinand Maurice Cook |website=[[Art UK]] | access-date=21 July 2016}}</ref>

''Richmond Park No 2'' by the English Impressionist painter [[Laura Knight]] is at the [[Royal Academy of Arts]].<ref name="Art UK Knight">{{cite web | url=https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/richmond-park-no-2-148932 | title=''Richmond Park No.2'' (unsigned) by Laura Knight |website=[[Art UK]] | access-date=21 July 2016}}</ref>

''In Richmond Park'' (1962) by James Andrew Wykeham Simons is at the [[University College London#Special collections|UCL Art Museum]] at [[University College London]].<ref name="Art UK Simons">{{cite web | url=https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/in-richmond-park-42421 | title=''In Richmond Park'' by James Andrew Wykeham Simons |website=[[Art UK]] | access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref>

[[Kenneth Armitage]] (1916–2002) made a series of sculptures and drawings of oak trees in Richmond Park between 1975 and 1986.<ref name="Tate Armitage">{{cite web | url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/kenneth-armitage-664/text-artist-biography | title=Kenneth Armitage: artist biography | publisher=[[Tate Gallery]] | access-date=17 October 2012}}</ref> His collage and etching ''Richmond Park: Tall Figure with Jerky Arms'' (1981) is in the British Government Art Collection and is on display at the [[Embassy of the United Kingdom, Prague|British Embassy in Prague]].<ref name="Jerky">{{cite web | url=https://artcollection.culture.gov.uk/artwork/16448-c/| title=Kenneth Armitage &nbsp;– Richmond Park: Tall Figure with Jerky Arms | publisher=[[Government Art Collection]] | access-date=6 March 2024}}</ref> The Government Art Collection also holds Armitage's ''Richmond Park: Two Trees with White Trunks'' (1975),<ref name="White Trunks">{{cite web | url=https://artcollection.culture.gov.uk/artwork/16446-c/| title=Kenneth Armitage&nbsp;– Richmond Park: Two Trees with White Trunks | publisher=[[Government Art Collection]] | access-date=6 March 2024}}</ref>  and ''Richmond Park: Five Trees, Grey Sky'' (1979).<ref name="Five Trees">{{cite web | url= https://artcollection.culture.gov.uk/artwork/16447-c/| title=Kenneth Armitage&nbsp;– Richmond Park: Five Trees, Grey Sky | publisher=[[Government Art Collection]] | access-date=6 March 2024}}</ref> His bronze sculpture ''Richmond Oak'' (1985–86) is displayed at the British Embassy in Brasilia, Brazil.<ref name="Richmond Oak">{{cite web | url=https://artcollection.culture.gov.uk/artwork/16479/ | title=Kenneth Armitage: Richmond Oak | publisher= [[Government Art Collection]] | access-date=6 March 2024}}</ref>

''Richmond Park Morning, London'' (2004) by Bob Rankin is at [[Queen Mary's Hospital, Roehampton]],<ref name="Art UK Rankin">{{cite web | url=http://artuk.org/discover/artworks/richmond-park-morning-london-95022/ | title=''Richmond Park Morning, London'' |website=[[Art UK]] | access-date=21 July 2016}}</ref> which also holds a panel of five oil paintings by Yvonne Fletcher entitled ''Richmond Park, London'' (2005–06).<ref name="Art UK Fletcher">{{cite web | url=https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/richmond-park-london-94968 | title=''Richmond Park, London'' (panel 2 of 5) by Yvonne Fletcher |website=[[Art UK]] | access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref>

====Historic posters====
[[File:The Lion.jpg|thumb|upright|''[[LMR 57 Lion|Lion]]'' (seen here in May 1980) masqueraded as ''Thunderbolt'' for the film ''[[The Titfield Thunderbolt]]''.]]
<!--HIDDEN PENDING INVESTIGATION OF DUBIOUS CLAIM "OWN WORK" [[File:Salim Ali Salam with King Faisal I of Iraq in Richmond Park in London in 1925, along with Salim's son Saeb and daughters Anbara and Rasha..jpg|thumb|right|[[Salim Ali Salam]] and [[King Faisal I of Iraq]] in the park in 1925, with Salim's son Saeb and daughters Anbara and Rasha]]-->
The [[Underground Electric Railways Company]] published, in 1911, a poster, ''Richmond Park'', designed by Charles Sharland. This is at the London Transport Museum,<ref name="Sharland">{{cite web | url=https://www.ltmuseum.co.uk/collections/collections-online/posters/item/1983-4-114 | title=Richmond Park, by Charles Sharland, 1911 | publisher=[[London Transport Museum]] | work=Poster | access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref> which also has: a [[District line]] poster from 1908, ''Richmond Park for pleasure and fresh air'', by an unknown artist;<ref name="Unknown">{{cite web | url=https://www.ltmuseum.co.uk/collections/collections-online/posters/item/1983-4-14| title=Richmond Park for pleasure and fresh air, by unknown artist, 1908 | publisher=[[London Transport Museum]] | work=Poster | access-date=5 March 2024}}</ref> ''Richmond Park'', by an unknown artist (1910);<ref name="Unknown 2">{{cite web | url=http://www.ltmcollection.org/posters/poster/poster.html?design=abc&_IXSESSION_=3IoiZ5nGFfX&IXsearch=richmond&IXsummary=results/results&_IXSR_=91m_vc1O5jd&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXFIRST_=4 | title=Richmond Park, by unknown artist, 1910 | publisher=[[London Transport Museum]] | work=Poster | access-date=7 February 2015 | archive-date=7 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207130317/http://www.ltmcollection.org/posters/poster/poster.html?design=abc&_IXSESSION_=3IoiZ5nGFfX&IXsearch=richmond&IXsummary=results/results&_IXSR_=91m_vc1O5jd&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXFIRST_=4 }}</ref> ''Richmond by Underground'' by Alfred France (1910);<ref name="France">{{cite web | url= https://www.ltmuseum.co.uk/collections/collections-online/posters/item/1983-4-122| title=Richmond by Underground, by Alfred France, 1910 | publisher=[[London Transport Museum]] | work=Poster | access-date=26 August 2024}}</ref> ''Richmond Park'' by Arthur G Bell (1913);<ref name="Bell poster">{{cite web | url=http://www.ltmcollection.org/posters/poster/poster.html?design=abc&_IXSESSION_=3IoiZ5nGFfX&IXsearch=richmond&IXsummary=results/results&_IXSR_=91m_vc1O5jd&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXFIRST_=11 | title=Richmond Park, by Arthur G Bell, 1913 | publisher=[[London Transport Museum]] | work=Poster | access-date=7 February 2015 | archive-date=7 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207140615/http://www.ltmcollection.org/posters/poster/poster.html?design=abc&_IXSESSION_=3IoiZ5nGFfX&IXsearch=richmond&IXsummary=results/results&_IXSR_=91m_vc1O5jd&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXFIRST_=11 }}</ref>  ''Richmond Park; humours no. 10'' by German American puppeteer and illustrator [[Tony Sarg]] (1913);<ref name="Sarg">{{cite web | url=http://www.ltmcollection.org/posters/poster/poster.html?design=abc&_IXSESSION_=3IoiZ5nGFfX&IXsearch=richmond&IXsummary=results/results&_IXSR_=91m_vc1O5jd&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXFIRST_=12 | title=Richmond Park; humours no. 10, by Tony Sarg, 1913 | publisher=[[London Transport Museum]] | work=Poster | access-date=7 February 2015 | archive-date=7 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207130413/http://www.ltmcollection.org/posters/poster/poster.html?design=abc&_IXSESSION_=3IoiZ5nGFfX&IXsearch=richmond&IXsummary=results/results&_IXSR_=91m_vc1O5jd&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXFIRST_=12 }}</ref> ''Richmond Park by tram'' by Charles Sharland (1913);<ref name="Sharland 1913">{{cite web | url=http://www.ltmcollection.org/posters/poster/poster.html?design=abc&_IXSESSION_=3IoiZ5nGFfX&IXsearch=richmond&IXsummary=results/results&_IXSR_=91m_vc1O5jd&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXFIRST_=13 | title=Richmond Park by tram, by Charles Sharland, 1913 | publisher=[[London Transport Museum]] | work=Poster | access-date=7 February 2015 | archive-date=7 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207140312/http://www.ltmcollection.org/posters/poster/poster.html?design=abc&_IXSESSION_=3IoiZ5nGFfX&IXsearch=richmond&IXsummary=results/results&_IXSR_=91m_vc1O5jd&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXFIRST_=13 }}</ref> ''Richmond Park'' by Harold L Oakley (1914);<ref name="Oakley">{{cite web | url=http://www.ltmcollection.org/posters/poster/poster.html?design=abc&_IXSESSION_=3IoiZ5nGFfX&IXsearch=richmond&IXsummary=results/results&_IXSR_=91m_vc1O5jd&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXFIRST_=14 | title=Richmond Park, by Harold L Oakley, 1914 | publisher=[[London Transport Museum]] | work=Poster | access-date=7 February 2015 | archive-date=7 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207140618/http://www.ltmcollection.org/posters/poster/poster.html?design=abc&_IXSESSION_=3IoiZ5nGFfX&IXsearch=richmond&IXsummary=results/results&_IXSR_=91m_vc1O5jd&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXFIRST_=14 }}</ref> ''Natural history of London; no. 3, herons at Richmond Park'' by Edwin Noble (1916);<ref name="Noble">{{cite web | url=http://www.ltmcollection.org/posters/poster/poster.html?design=abc&_IXSESSION_=3IoiZ5nGFfX&IXsearch=richmond&IXsummary=results/results&_IXSR_=91m_vc1O5jd&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXFIRST_=17 | title=Natural history of London; no. 3, herons at Richmond Park, by Edwin Noble (1916) | publisher=[[London Transport Museum]] | work=Poster | access-date=7 February 2015 | archive-date=7 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207130451/http://www.ltmcollection.org/posters/poster/poster.html?design=abc&_IXSESSION_=3IoiZ5nGFfX&IXsearch=richmond&IXsummary=results/results&_IXSR_=91m_vc1O5jd&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXFIRST_=17 }}</ref> ''Richmond Park'' by Emilio Camilio Leopoldo Tafani (1920);<ref name="Tafani">{{cite web | url=http://www.ltmcollection.org/posters/poster/poster.html?design=abc&_IXSESSION_=3IoiZ5nGFfX&IXsearch=richmond&IXsummary=results/results&_IXSR_=91m_vc1O5jd&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXFIRST_=18 | title=Richmond Park, by Emilio Camilio Leopoldo Tafani, 1920 | publisher=[[London Transport Museum]] | work=Poster | access-date=7 February 2015 | archive-date=7 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207130501/http://www.ltmcollection.org/posters/poster/poster.html?design=abc&_IXSESSION_=3IoiZ5nGFfX&IXsearch=richmond&IXsummary=results/results&_IXSR_=91m_vc1O5jd&_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXFIRST_=18 }}</ref> ''Rambles in Richmond Park'' by [[Freda Lingstrom]] (1924);<ref name="Lingstrom">{{cite web | url=https://www.ltmuseum.co.uk/collections/collections-online/posters/item/1983-4-1583 | title=Poster; Rambles in Richmond Park, by Freda Lingstrom, 1924 | publisher=[[London Transport Museum]] | work=Posters  | access-date=1 June 2022}}</ref> ''Richmond Park'' by Charles Paine (1925);<ref name="Paine">{{cite web | url=http://www.ltmcollection.org/posters/poster/poster.html?_IXSR_=wD5NUjbe18V&_IXMAXHITS_=1&IXinv=1983/4/1790&IXsummary=artist/artist&IXartist=Charles%20Paine&_IXFIRST_=23 | title=Richmond Park, by Charles Paine, 1925 | publisher=[[London Transport Museum]] | work=Poster | access-date=7 February 2015 | archive-date=7 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207130455/http://www.ltmcollection.org/posters/poster/poster.html?_IXSR_=wD5NUjbe18V&_IXMAXHITS_=1&IXinv=1983%2F4%2F1790&IXsummary=artist%2Fartist&IXartist=Charles%20Paine&_IXFIRST_=23 }}</ref> and ''Richmond Park'', a poster commissioned by [[London Transport Executive|London Transport]] in 1938 and illustrated by the artist Dame Laura Knight.<ref name="Knight 1938">{{cite web | url=https://www.ltmuseum.co.uk/collections/collections-online/posters/item/1983-4-5045 | title=Poster; Richmond Park, by Laura Knight, 1938 | publisher=[[London Transport Museum]] | work=Posters | access-date=1 June 2022}}</ref>

===Film===
Richmond Park has been a location for several films and TV series:

* A [[locomotive]] runs through the park and crashes into a tree in the [[Ealing Studios]] comedy film ''[[The Titfield Thunderbolt]]'' (1953).<ref name="Screen"/>
* In the 1968 film ''[[Performance (film)|Performance]]'', [[James Fox]] crosses Richmond Park in a [[List of Rolls-Royce motor cars|Rolls-Royce car]].<ref name="Screen"/>
* The park was the backdrop for the classic historical film ''[[Anne of the Thousand Days]]'' (1969),<ref name="Star">{{cite web | url=https://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/richmond-park/about-richmond-park/richmond-park-in-film | title=Richmond Park in film| publisher=[[The Royal Parks]] | work=Richmond Park | access-date=8 December 2022}}</ref> with [[Richard Burton]] and [[Geneviève Bujold]], which looks back to what is now Richmond in the 16th century. The film tells the story of King [[Henry VIII]]'s courtship of [[Anne Boleyn]] and their brief marriage.
* An Indian [[dust storm]] was filmed in the park for the film ''[[Heat and Dust]]'' (1983).<ref name="Screen">{{cite book | publisher=[[Museum of Richmond]] | author1=Sue Barber | author2=Phillippa Heath|editor= Valerie Boyes | title=Richmond on Screen: Feature Films Shot in the Borough | year=2009 | page=27}}</ref>
* The Royal Ballet School in Richmond Park featured in the film ''[[Billy Elliot]]'' (2000).<ref name="Screen"/><ref name="Lydall">{{cite news | url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/billy-elliot-v-the-badgers-7086734.html | title=Billy Elliot v the badgers | work=[[Evening Standard]] | date=3 February 2005 | access-date=18 October 2013 | author=Ross Lydall | location=London}}</ref>
* In 2010, director [[Guy Ritchie]] filmed parts of ''[[Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows]]'' (2011) in the park with [[Robert Downey Jr.]] and [[Jude Law]].<ref name="Holmes">{{cite news | url= http://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/news/local/richmondnews/8459315.Detective_sequel_filming_in_Richmond_Park/ | title=Richmond Park transformed into gypsy camp as Sherlock Holmes sequel starring Robert Downey Jr. as Sherlock and Jude Law as Dr Watson is filmed | work= [[Richmond and Twickenham Times]]|date=18 October 2010 | access-date=25 September 2013}}</ref>
* Some of the scenes from ''[[Into the Woods (film)|Into the Woods]]'' (2014), the [[Disney]] fantasy film featuring [[Meryl Streep]],<ref name="Vincent">{{cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/10339166/Meryl-Streep-in-Into-The-Woods-first-look.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/10339166/Meryl-Streep-in-Into-The-Woods-first-look.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live | title=Meryl Streep in Into The Woods: first look | work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] | date=27 September 2013 | access-date=13 February 2014 | author=Alice Vincent}}{{cbignore}}</ref> were filmed in the park.<ref name="Meryl Streep">{{cite web | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03qflhm | title=Meryl Streep; Oscar Isaac; Sundance festival; National Trust film locations | publisher=[[BBC Radio 4]] | work=[[The Film Programme]] | access-date=13 February 2014}}</ref><ref name="Magical">{{cite news | title=Streep praises 'magical' park | work=[[Richmond and Twickenham Times]] | date=7 February 2014 }}</ref>
* Richmond Park was the setting for some scenes in the 2018 family comedy film ''[[Patrick (2018 film)|Patrick]]''.<ref name="Macnab">{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/reviews/patrick-review-makes-pudsey-seem-like-the-citizen-canine-of-dog-movies-a8419286.html |title= Patrick review: Makes Pudsey seem like the Citizen Canine of dog movies |author=Geoffrey Macnab |date=27 June 2018 |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=3 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.richmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk/news/16321497.patrick-out-in-cinemas-on-friday/ |title=Patrick out in cinemas on Friday |date=28 June 2018 |work=[[Richmond and Twickenham Times]] |access-date=3 April 2019}}</ref>

As well as a location for films, Richmond Park is regularly featured in television programmes, corporate videos and fashion shoots. It has made an appearance on ''[[Blue Peter]]'', ''[[Inside Out (2002 TV programme)|Inside Out]]'' (the BBC regional current affairs programme) and ''[[Springwatch]]'' (the BBC natural history series).<ref name="Star"/> In 2014 it was featured in a video commissioned by [[#The Hearsum Collection|The Hearsum Collection]].<ref name="Hearsum video">{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hqzgc7b_Ky8 | title=The Heritage Pavilion Video | publisher=[[YouTube]] | date=11 November 2004 | access-date=3 February 2015}}</ref> Most recently it was the subject of nature documentary ''Richmond Park&nbsp;– National Nature Reserve'', presented by Sir David Attenborough and produced by the Friends of Richmond Park, which has won the best "Longform" film in the 2018 national Charity Film Awards.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.standard.co.uk/stayingin/tvfilm/david-attenborough-urges-richmond-park-visitors-to-tread-lightly-and-protect-wildlife-in-new-film-a3523996.html | title=Sir David Attenborough urges Richmond Park visitors to 'tread lightly' and protect wildlife in new film | author= Robert Dex|work=[[Evening Standard]] | date=26 April 2017 | access-date=3 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.richmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk/news/16251013.Sir_David_Attenborough_s_Richmond_Park_film_wins_national_charity_film_award/| title=Sir David Attenborough's Richmond Park film wins national charity film award | author= Calum Rutter|work=[[Richmond & Twickenham Times]] | date=25 May 2018 | access-date=3 June 2018}}</ref>

==International connections==
[[File:Richmond 2005 05 1ab.jpg|thumb|Park at [[Schloss Richmond|Richmond Castle, Brunswick]]]]

===Richmond Park, Brunswick, Germany===
The "[[Schloss Richmond#Park|Richmond Park]]" in Germany is named after the park in Britain and was created in 1768 in Brunswick for [[Princess Augusta of Great Britain|Princess Augusta]], sister of George III.  She was married to the [[Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Duke of Brunswick]] and was feeling homesick, so an English-style park was designed by [[Lancelot "Capability" Brown]] and a palace built for her, both with the name "Richmond".<ref name="Brunswick">{{cite web | url=https://www.braunschweig.de/english/city/sights/_schloss_richmond.php | title=Schloss Richmond (Richmond Palace)|website= Stadt [[Braunschweig]] | access-date=12 May 2023}}</ref><ref name="Peter Bessin">{{cite book | title=Der Regent als Architekt. Schloß Richmond und die Lustschloßbauten Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttels zwischen 1680 und 1780 als Paradigma fürstlicher Selbstdarstellung. |publisher=[[Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht]]|location=[[Göttingen]] |year=2001 |isbn= 978-3-525-47904-9 | author=Peter Bessin}}</ref>

In 1935, the palace including the entire estate was purchased by [[Braunschweig|the City of Braunschweig]]. One condition for the purchase was that no structural changes ever be made and the park not be built on. The palace, which was rebuilt after the Second World War and reconstructed in 1987 to the historic original design, is now used for public events.<ref name="Peter Bessin"/> The nearly four-hectare (10-acre) park has been open to the public since 1964.

==See also==
*[[East Sheen Common]]
*[[Pesthouse Common, Richmond]]
*[[Richmond Cemetery]]
*[[Richmond Park Golf Course]]
*[[Sudbrook Park, Petersham]]
*[[List of national nature reserves in England]]
*[[List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Greater London]]
*[[Parks, open spaces and nature reserves in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group="nb"}}

==References==
{{Reflist|20em}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book |author=Michael Baxter Brown |year= 1985 |title=Richmond Park: The History of a Royal Deer Park |publisher=[[Robert Hale (publishers)|Robert Hale]] |location=London |lccn=85177278 |ol=2613329M |isbn=978-0-7090-2163-6}}
* {{cite book |author=John Cloake |year=1996 |title=The Palaces and Parks of Richmond and Kew 2: Richmond Lodge and the Kew Palaces |publisher= [[The History Press|Phillimore & Co Ltd]] |oclc=36045530 |ol=8627654M |isbn=978-1-86077-023-4|author-link=John Cloake }}
* {{cite book |author =David McDowall |year= 1996 |title=Richmond Park: The Walker's Historical Guide |publisher= David McDowall |oclc=36123245 |ol=8477606M |isbn= 978-0-9527847-0-8}}
* {{cite book|author1 =Mary Pollard |author2=Ron Crompton|title= The First 50 Years: a history of the Friends of Richmond Park |url= https://www.frp.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/6_Final_50th_anniversary_booklet_full_copy.pdf|publisher= [[#Friends of Richmond Park|Friends of Richmond Park]]|year =2011}}
* {{cite book |author=Paul A Rabbitts |year= 2014 |title=Richmond Park: From Medieval Pasture to Royal Park  |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VSdmBAAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Alan Sutton|Amberley Publishing]]| location= [[Stroud, Gloucestershire]]|isbn=978-1-4456-1856-2}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |author=John Bartram (with John Karter) |year= 2017|title=Park Life: The Memoirs of a Royal Parks Gamekeeper| publisher= [[John Blake Publishing]] |location=London |isbn=978-1-78606-279-6}}
*{{Cite journal |last=John McM Moore|year=2024  |journal=[[Richmond, London#Societies|Richmond History: Journal of the Richmond Local History Society]] |volume=44 |pages=29–37|title=Historical water sources in and around Richmond Park|issn=0263-0958}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Richmond Park}}
*[https://www.royalparks.org.uk/visit/parks/richmond-park/ Official website] 
*[https://www.royalparks.org.uk/visit/parks/richmond-park/map/  Royal Parks' map of Richmond Park]
*[https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/1639/contents/made/ The Royal Parks and Other Open Spaces Regulations 1997], [[Statutory Instrument]] 1997 No.1639, [[legislation.gov.uk]]
*[https://www.frp.org.uk/ Friends of Richmond Park]
*[https://www.frp.org.uk/richmond-park-film/ ''Richmond Park Film'', presented by Sir David Attenborough, Friends of Richmond Park, 2 September 2018]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hqzgc7b_Ky8/ ''The Heritage Pavilion'' (2014 video), The Hearsum Collection]
*{{cite web|url=https://www.frp.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Whats-in-a-Name-2023.pdf|author= Max Lankester |date=November 2023|title= What's in a Name? Features of Richmond Park|website= Friends of Richmond Park|access-date = 17 August 2024}}

{{Coord|51|27|N|0|16|W|region:GB_type:landmark|display=title}}

{{Cemeteries, crematoria and memorials in Richmond upon Thames}}
{{London landmarks}}
{{Parks and open spaces in London}}
{{LB Richmond}}
{{Richmond Park}}
{{SSSIs Greater London}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Richmond Park| ]]
[[Category:1630s establishments in England]]
[[Category:Anti-aircraft warfare]]
[[Category:David Attenborough]]
[[Category:Barrows in England]]
[[Category:Charles I of England]]
[[Category:City of London Corporation]]
[[Category:Conservation areas in London]]
[[Category:Deer hunting]]
[[Category:Deer in art]]
[[Category:Department for Culture, Media and Sport]]
[[Category:East Sheen]]
[[Category:Grade I listed parks and gardens in London]]
[[Category:Ham, London]]
[[Category:Historic sites in England]]
[[Category:History of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]]
[[Category:Hunting and shooting in England]]
[[Category:Mortlake, London]]
[[Category:National nature reserves in London]]
[[Category:Nature reserves in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]]
[[Category:Olympic Villages in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]]
[[Category:Parks established in the 17th century]]
[[Category:Petersham, London]]
[[Category:Playgrounds in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Richmond, London]]
[[Category:Roehampton]]
[[Category:The Royal Ballet]]
[[Category:Royal Parks of London]]
[[Category:Bertrand Russell]]
[[Category:Sites of Special Scientific Interest in London]]
[[Category:Special Areas of Conservation in England]]
[[Category:Sport in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]]
[[Category:Urban public parks in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Robert Walpole]]