View source for May 1918

{{short description|Month in 1918}}
{{Events by month|1918}}
{{calendar|year=1918|month=May}}

The following events occurred in '''May 1918''':

[[File:The German Spring Offensive, March-july 1918 Q6659.jpg|thumb|right|300px|British troops hold the southern bank of the [[Aisne|Aisne River]] during the first day of the [[Third Battle of the Aisne]].]]
[[File:Sardarabad Memorial.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The [[Sardarapat Memorial|memorial]] dedicated to the Armenian victory against the [[Ottoman Empire]] at the [[Battle of Sardarabad]] in [[Armenia]].]]

== [[May 1]], 1918 (Wednesday) ==
* The [[Egyptian Expeditionary Force]] [[Second Transjordan attack on Shunet Nimrin and Es Salt|captured the towns of Sunet Nimrun and Es Salt]] in Jordan but faced counterattacks from Ottoman and German forces.<ref>{{cite book |title=Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from June 1917 to the End of the War |last=Falls |first=Cyril |series=Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence |author2=A. F. Beck  |year=1930 |volume=2 Part 1 |publisher=HM Stationery Office |location=London|oclc=644354483|pages=379–380}}</ref>
* [[Battle of Lahti]] &ndash; The [[Red Guards (Finland)|Red Guards]] fled their garrison at [[Hennala]], ending the battle at [[Lahti]], [[Finland]]. Some 30,000 Reds Guards and their supporters surrendered to the [[White Guard (Finland)|White Guards]] and the support German [[Detachment Brandenstein|detachment force]].<ref>{{cite book| last=Takala| first=Hannu| date=1998| title=Taistelu Lahdesta 1918| location=Lahti| publisher=Lahti City Museum| pages=61–88| isbn=951-84948-2-7}}</ref>
* The [[Royal Air Force]] established air squadron [[No. 252 Squadron RAF|No. 252]].<ref>{{cite web|title=History of 252 Squadron| url=https://www.raf.mod.uk/history/252squadron.cfm| website=Royal Air Force| access-date=13 December 2017}}</ref>
* The Kyung Sung Public Agricultural College was founded, the precursor to the [[University of Seoul]].<ref>{{cite web|title=History - About UOS| url=http://www.uos.ac.kr/en/about/aboutHis.do| website=University of Seoul| access-date=2 December 2017}}</ref>
* The [[Independent Voters Association]] was established as a conservative counterpart to the more socialist-leaning [[Nonpartisan League]] in [[North Dakota]].<ref>{{cite book| title=The Future of American Politics| publisher=Anchor Press| author=Lubell, Samuel| year=1956| pages=145–147| edition=2nd|ol = 6193934M}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Jack Paar]], American TV personality, host of ''[[The Tonight Show]]'' from 1957 to 1962, in [[Canton, Ohio]] (d. [[2004]])
* '''Died:''' [[Grove Karl Gilbert]], American geologist, discoverer of the [[Meteor Crater]] in [[Arizona]] (b. [[1843]])

== [[May 2]], 1918 (Thursday) ==
* [[Vyborg massacre]] &ndash; News of  the murder of hundreds of [[Red Guards (Finland)|Red Guard]] prisoners  and civilians by [[White Guard (Finland)|White Guard]] militia in [[Vyborg]], [[Finland]]  reached White Guard commander [[Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim]], He ordered an immediate investigation.<ref>{{cite book| last1=Westerlund| first1=Lars| title=Venäläissurmat Suomessa 1914–22: Osa 2.2. Sotatapahtumat 1918–22| chapter=Me odotimme teitä vapauttajina ja te toitte kuolemaa – Viipurin valloituksen yhteydessä teloitetut venäläiset| year=2004| publisher=Prime Minister's Office of Finland| isbn=952-5354-45-8| page=155}}</ref>
* German submarine {{SMU|UB-31||6}} was sunk by depth charges from three [[Royal Navy]] ships with the loss of all 22 crew.<ref>{{cite book| last1=Gröner| first1=Erich| last2=Jung| first2=Dieter| last3=Maass| first3=Martin| translator-last1=Thomas| translator-first1=Keith| translator-last2=Magowan| translator-first2=Rachel| year=1991| title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels| volume=2| work=German Warships 1815–1945| location=London| publisher=Conway Maritime Press| isbn=0-85177-593-4|pages=23–25}}</ref>
* '''Died:''' [[Jüri Vilms]], Estonian politician, first [[deputy prime minister]] of [[Autonomous Governorate of Estonia|Estonia]] (executed) (b. [[1889]])

== [[May 3]], 1918 (Friday) ==
[[File:Vyborg massacre 1918.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Victims of the [[Vyborg massacre]] in [[Finland]].]]
* [[Vyborg massacre]] &ndash; Finnish commander [[Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim]] sent a telegram to the town commandant in [[Vyborg]], [[Finland]] with an order to stop the massacre of [[Red Guards (Finland)|Red Guard]] prisoners and ethnic Russians civilians in the town. In all, by the time the violence stopped, 1,200 people had been shot dead, including more than 800 Red Guard prisoners and between 360 and 420 civilians of Russian or affiliated ethnicity.<ref>Westerlund 2004, p. 155</ref>
* [[Battle of Ahvenkoski]] &ndash; With the [[Kymenlaakso|Kymi Valley]] now the last stronghold for the [[Red Guards (Finland)|Red Guards]] in [[Finland]], negotiations for surrender began with the Germans.<ref>{{cite book|last=Vainio|first=Seppo|date=2010|title=Poliittiset väkivaltaisuudet Itä-Uudellamaalla 1917–18|location=Vantaa|publisher=Seppo Vainio|pages=69|isbn=978-952-92766-5-3}}</ref>
* The Soviet [[Red Army]] established the [[6th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|6th Rifle Division]] in [[Gdov]], [[Russia]].<ref>{{Cite book|script-title=ru:Вооруженные силы СССР после Второй Мировой войны: от Красной Армии к Советской|last1 = Feskov|first1 = V.I.|last2 = Golikov|first2 = V.I.|last3 = Kalashnikov|first3 = K.A.|last4 = Slugin|first4 = S.A.|publisher = Tomsk University Press|year = 2013|isbn = 9785895035306|volume = 1 Land Forces|location = Tomsk|language = ru|trans-title = The Armed Forces of the USSR after World War II: From the Red Army to the Soviet|page=565}}</ref>
* Official war artist [[William Orpen]] opened his exhibition ''War'' in London and later donated the paintings to the British government. He was knighted in June.<ref>{{cite book|editor-first=HCG |editor-last=Matthew |editor-first2=Brian |editor-last2=Harrison |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |volume=41 (Norbary-Osborn) |isbn=0-19-861391-1}}</ref>
* [[New Zealand]] writer [[Katherine Mansfield]] married her long-time partner [[John Middleton Murry]] at the [[Kensington]] [[register office (United Kingdom)|register office]] in [[London]].<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-Whi071Kota-t1-g1-t8.html|title=Katherine Mansfield, 1888–1923|author=Joanna Woods|publisher=[[Victoria University of Wellington]]|journal=New Zealand Notes and Queries 2007, Special Issue – Essays in New Zealand Literary Biography – Series One: 'Women Prose Writers to World War I'|year=2007|volume=7 |issue=1 |doi=10.26686/knznq.v7i1.776 |access-date=13 October 2008|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* The [[University of the Philippines Cebu]] was established in [[Cebu]], [[Philippines]]<ref>{{cite web|title=About UP Cebu| url=http://upcebu.edu.ph/about-up-cebu/| website=UPCebu| publisher=University of the Philippines Cebu| access-date=3 December 2017}}</ref> along with a preparatory school for students entering university.<ref>{{cite web| title=UP High School – Cebu| url=http://upcebu.edu.ph/social-sciences/up-high-school-cebu/| website=UPCebu|publisher=University of the Philippines Cebu| access-date=3 December 2017}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Richard Dudman]], American journalist, member of the editorial staff for the ''[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]]'' for over thirty years, in [[Centerville, Iowa]] (d. [[2017]]); [[Ted Bates (footballer)|Ted Bates]], English football player, [[forward (association football)|forward]] for [[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]] from 1937 to 1953 and manager from 1955 to 1973, in [[Thetford]], [[England]] (d. [[2003]]); [[Mona Inglesby]], British ballet dancer and choreographer, director of [[International Ballet]], in [[London]] (d. [[2006]])
* '''Died:''' [[Derwas Cumming]], Australian football player, forward for the [[Perth Football Club]] from 1907 to 1910, 1914 and [[Melbourne University Football Club]] from 1911 to 1912, recipient of the [[Military Cross]] (died from wounds sustained at the [[Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux]]) (b. [[1891]]); [[John Chase (general)|John Chase]], American army medical officer, commander of the [[Colorado National Guard]] during the [[Colorado Labor Wars]] and the [[Ludlow Massacre]] (b. [[1856]])

== [[May 4]], 1918 (Saturday) ==
* The [[Egyptian Expeditionary Force]] retreated back to the [[Jordan Valley]] [[Second Transjordan attack on Shunet Nimrin and Es Salt|after failing to hold the towns of Sunet Nimrun and Es Salt]], suffering 1,784 casualties while inflicting over 2,000 on the Ottomans.<ref>Falls 1930 Vol. 2, pp. 385–386</ref>
* [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]] established the [[Belomorsky Military District|Belomorsky]], [[North Caucasus Military District|North Caucasus]], and [[Volga Military District]]s.<ref>Soviet Military Encyclopedia, vol. 6, pp. 524–525</ref><ref>Russian Ministry of Defence,[http://www.mil.ru/848/1045/1272/1365/1366/8796/index.shtml History of the North Caucasus Military District] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929102744/http://www.mil.ru/848/1045/1272/1365/1366/8796/index.shtml |date=2007-09-29 }}, www.mil.ru, accessed August 17, 2007</ref><ref>Feskov 2013, p. 429</ref>
* The [[Senate of Finland]] was re-established in [[Vaasa]], [[Finland]].<ref>{{Citation| last1=Keränen| first1=Jorma| last2=Tiainen| first2=Jorma| last3=Ahola| first3=Matti| last4=Ahola| first4=Veikko| last5=Frey| first5=Stina| last6=Lempinen| first6=Jorma| last7=Ojanen| first7=Eero| last8=Paakkonen| first8=Jari| last9=Talja| first9=Virpi| last10=Väänänen| first10=Juha| year=1992| title=Suomen itsenäistymisen kronikka| place=Jyväskylä| publisher=Gummerus| isbn=951-20-3800-5| pages=123–137}}</ref>
* [[Baseball Ontario]] was established as the provincial governing body of the sport in [[Hamilton, Ontario]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.baseballontario.com/filestore/htmleditattachedfiles/2010%20Constitution%20No%20Ads%20for%20Web2010-03-09T15-36-11v001_by_292.pdf| title=Constitution & By-Laws of Baseball Ontario| access-date=2010-06-18| publisher=Baseball Ontario}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Kakuei Tanaka]], Japanese state leader, 40th [[Prime Minister of Japan]], in [[Nishiyama, Niigata]], [[Japan]] (d. [[1993]])
* '''Died:''' [[Howard Burnham]], American engineer and spy, collected intelligence for [[France]] while conducting mining surveying work in the [[Alps]] during [[World War I]], brother to [[Frederick Russell Burnham]] (b. [[1870]])

== [[May 5]], 1918 (Sunday) ==
[[File:Irish Conscription 1918 John Dillon Roscommon Rally.jpg|thumb|200px|Irish nationalist leader [[John Dillon]] speaks from a platform at an anti-conscription rally in [[County Roscommon]], [[Ireland]].]]
* [[Battle of Ahvenkoski]] &ndash; The final force [[Red Guards (Finland)|Red Guards]] of [[Finland]] surrendered at [[Ahvenkoski]], [[Finland]], with 800 soldiers laying down their arms to the German detachment force in [[Finland]]. The battle became the final military action of the [[Finnish Civil War]].<ref>Vainio 2010, p. 69</ref>
* An estimated 15,000 people attended an [[Conscription Crisis of 1918|anti-conscription]] meeting in [[County Roscommon]], [[Ireland]], where [[John Dillon]], leader of the [[Irish Parliamentary Party]], and [[Éamon de Valera]] of [[Sinn Féin]] shared the platform in a united cause against [[conscription]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.independent.ie/regionals/droghedaindependent/localnotes/the-mystery-of-the-sinn-fin-film-27108094.html | publisher = Independent News & Media | title = The mystery of the Sinn Féin film | date = 15 October 2004}}</ref>
* German submarine {{SMU|UB-119||6}} was rammed and sunk in the [[Atlantic Ocean]], killing all 34 crew.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/boats/index.html?boat=UB+119 |title=UB 119 |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=16 November 2012}}</ref>
* German submarine {{SMU|UB-70||6}} disappeared after being seen in the [[Mediterranean Sea]] east of [[Gibraltar]], with all 33 crew lost.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/boats/index.html?boat=UB+70 |title=UB 70|publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=11 November 2012}}</ref>
* The [[United States Army]] established the [[1st Operations Group|1st Pursuit Group]] to support the [[American Expeditionary Forces]] on the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]].<ref>Series "C", Vol. 9, History of the 1st Pursuit Group.  Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917-1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C. via {{cite web|url=http://www.fold3.com |title=Fold3 - Historical military records |access-date=2013-03-06 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226013201/https://www.fold3.com/ |archive-date=26 December 2016 |df=dmy }}</ref>
* [[Mary Pickford]] starred in ''[[M'Liss (1918 film)|M'Liss]]'', a remake of a 1915 film. It was directed by [[Marshall Neilan]] and adapted by screenwriter [[Frances Marion]] from the short story by [[Bret Harte]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110520115400/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/120026/M-Liss/overview The New York Times Review] Remakes</ref><ref>[http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/M/Mliss1918.html Progressive Silent Film List: ''M'Liss''] at silentera.com</ref>
* The village of [[Galahad, Alberta]] was established.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.municipalaffairs.alberta.ca/cfml/MunicipalProfiles/index | title=Location and History Profile: Village of Galahad | publisher=[[Alberta Municipal Affairs]] | date=December 25, 2015 | access-date=January 1, 2016}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Egidio Galea]], Maltese clergy, member of the [[Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany]] during [[World War II]], in [[Birgu]], [[Malta]] (d. [[2005]])
* '''Died:''' [[Bertha Palmer]], American philanthropist, noted contributor to [[The Women's Building (San Francisco)|The Women's Building]] at the [[World's Columbian Exposition|Chicago World's Fair]], wife to business leader [[Potter Palmer]] (b. [[1849]])

== [[May 6]], 1918 (Monday) ==
* [[Nicaragua]] declared war on the [[Central Powers]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/digitized-books/world-war-i-declarations/foreign.php#U |title=World War: Declarations of War from Around the World|publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.firstworldwar.com/features/declarationsofwar.htm |title=Who Declared War and When|publisher = Firstworldwar.com}}</ref>
* The [[Don Cossacks]] under command of [[Pyotr Krasnov]] captured [[Rostov-on-Don]] in what was then the [[Don Soviet Republic]], allowing German forces to occupy the city two days later. The area was later incorporated into the [[Don Republic]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Historical Dictionary of the Russian Civil Wars, 1916-1926 |last=Smele |first=Jonathan D. |date=2015 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=9781442252813 |location=London |page=337 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QwquCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA337}}</ref>
* The [[United States Navy]] established the [[Coco Solo]] naval station near [[Cativá]], [[Panama]] as part of the defense of the [[Panama Canal]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Van Wyen |first=Adrian O. |title =Naval Aviation in World War I |url=https://archive.org/details/navalaviationinw00wash |publisher =Chief of Naval Operations |date =1969 |location =Washington, D.C. |page =[https://archive.org/details/navalaviationinw00wash/page/64 64] }}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Eva Kolstad]], Norwegian politician and activist, promoter of women's rights in [[Norway]] and internationally, 18th [[Norwegian Association for Women's Rights]], member of the [[United Nations Commission on the Status of Women]] from 1969 to 1975, in Haldar, [[Norway]] (d. [[1999]]); [[Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan]], Arabic noble and state leader, first [[President of the United Arab Emirates]], in [[Abu Dhabi]] (d. [[2004]])

== [[May 7]], 1918 (Tuesday) ==
* [[Romania]] signed a [[Treaty of Bucharest (1918)|treaty]] with the [[Central Powers]] to end its involvement with [[World War I]] but it was never ratified as Romanian monarch [[Ferdinand I of Romania|King Ferdinand]] refused to sign it. It was nullified when an [[armistice]] was signed with [[Germany]] on November 11.<ref>Kitchen, Martin "Hindenburg, Ludendorff and Rumania" pp. 214-222 from ''The Slavonic and East European Review'', Volume 54, Issue # 2, April 1976, p. 223</ref>

== [[May 8]], 1918 (Wednesday) ==
* The first [[Muslim-Christian Associations|Muslim-Christian Association]] met in [[Jaffa]], [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]].<ref>[[Ilan Pappe|Pappe, Ilan]] (2002) ''The Rise and Fall of a Palestinian Dynasty. The Husaynis 1700–1948.'' AL Saqi edition 2010. {{ISBN|978-0-86356-460-4}}. p. 175</ref>
* German submarine {{SMU|U-32| Germany |6}} was depth charged and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea north west of [[Malta]] by a [[Royal Navy]] ship with all 41 crew killed.<ref>{{cite book| last1=Gröner| first1=Erich| last2=Jung| first2=Dieter| last3=Maass| first3=Martin| translator-last1=Thomas| translator-first1=Keith| translator-last2=Magowan| translator-first2=Rachel| year=1991| title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels| volume=2| work=German Warships 1815–1945| location=London| publisher=Conway Maritime Press| isbn=0-85177-593-4| page=6}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Ptolemy Reid]], Guyanese state leader, second [[Prime Minister of Guyana]], in Dartmouth, [[British Guiana]] (d. [[2003]])

== [[May 9]], 1918 (Thursday) ==

[[File:Field Marshal Sir John French 2.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] [[John French, 1st Earl of Ypres|John French]]]]
* The [[Royal Navy]] failed in their [[Second Ostend Raid|second attempt]] to seal off the German U-boat base at [[Ostend]], [[Germany]] despite using the destroyer [[HMS Vindictive (1897)|HMS ''Vindictive'']] as a [[blockship]].<ref>{{Cite book| author=Geoffrey Bennett| title=Naval Battles of the First World War| year=1968| publisher=Penguin| isbn=0-14-139087-5| pages=276–278}}</ref>
* [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal Party]] leader [[H. H. Asquith]] took up allegations of the British War Cabinet misleading [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|Parliament]] about troop strengths on the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]] from a letter published in the press on May 7 by [[Major-general (United Kingdom)|Major-General]] [[Sir Frederick Maurice, 1st Baronet|Frederick Maurice]] of the [[British Army]]. The fierce debate in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] led to [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[David Lloyd George]] refuting the claims and treating the issue as a [[motion of no confidence|vote of confidence]], allowing him to win the debate and tip perception against Asquith as not being an effective wartime leader. The resulting vote was in favor of government support 295 votes to 108, although about half of the [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Members of Parliament]] were absent as they were serving in the war.<ref>Gooch, John. "The Maurice Debate 1918," ''Journal of Contemporary History'' (1968) 3#4 pp. 211–228 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/259859 in JSTOR]</ref><ref>Cook, Chris. ''A Short History of the Liberal Party: 1900–1992''; Macmillan, 1993 p.73</ref>
* [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] [[John French, 1st Earl of Ypres|John French]] was appointed [[Lord Lieutenant of Ireland]] and Supreme Commander of the [[British Army]] in [[Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lhcma/locreg/FRENCH.shtml|title=French, Sir John Denton Pinkstone, (1852–1925), 1st Earl of Ypres, Field Marshal|publisher=Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives|access-date=2012-08-24}}</ref>
* [[Germany]] conducted the first [[aircraft#Heavier-than-air – aerodynes|heavier-than-air]] raid on [[England]] since [[1918 in aviation#March|March]], sending four ''Riesenfluzeuge'' bombers to [[Dover]]. High winds over the [[North Sea]] forced the squadron to turn back only to find their bases shrouded in fog. Only one landed safely, with the other three being destroyed in crashes.<ref>Fredette, Raymond H., ''The Sky on Fire: The First Battle of Britain 1917–1918'', New York: Harvest, 1976, {{ISBN|0-15-682750-6}}, p. 196</ref>
* German submarine {{SMU|UC-78||6}} was rammed and sunk in the [[English Channel]] off the coast of [[France]] by British steamer ''[[TS Queen Alexandra|Queen Alexandra]]''.<ref>{{cite Uboat.net|name=UC 78|id=UC+78 |type=1sub|accessdate=23 February 2009}}</ref>
* French ace [[René Fonck]] shot down six German aircraft in a day.<ref>{{cite web| date= August 1, 2001| url=http://acepilots.com/wwi/fr_fonck.html| title = René Fonck - Highest Scoring Allied Ace, 75 kills| publisher=acepilots.com| access-date=May 8, 2017| last=Sherman| first=Stephen}}</ref>
* Edgar Sisson, an American field operative for the [[Committee on Public Information]] posted in [[Saint Petersburg|Petrograd]], began to introduce the first in a series of [[Sisson Documents|68 Russian documents]] together titled ''The German-Bolshevik Conspiracy'' that alleged Russian revolutionary leaders [[Vladimir Lenin]] and [[Leon Trotsky]] had worked with [[Germany]] to bring about [[Russia]]'s withdraw from [[World War I]].<ref>{{cite book| first=Alan| last=Axelrod| title=Selling the Great War: The Making of American Propaganda| url=https://archive.org/details/sellinggreatwarm00axel_0| url-access=registration| publisher=NY: Palgrave Macmillan| date=2009| page=[https://archive.org/details/sellinggreatwarm00axel_0/page/205 205]| isbn=9780230605039}}</ref> The documents were later proven to be forgeries.<ref>{{cite journal| first=George F.| last=Kennan| title=The Sisson Documents| journal=Journal of Modern History|volume=28| issue=2| date=1956| pages=130–54| doi=10.1086/237884| s2cid=144508744}}</ref>
* The [[Royal Air Force]] established air squadron [[No. 158 Squadron RAF|No. 158]].<ref>{{cite web|title=History of 158 Squadron| url=https://www.raf.mod.uk/history/158squadron.cfm| website=Royal Air Force| access-date=13 December 2017}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Mike Wallace]], American journalist, original and long-running member of the [[CBS]] news program ''[[60 Minutes]]'', in [[Brookline, Massachusetts]] (d. [[2012]]); [[Orville Freeman]], American politician, 29th [[Governor of Minnesota]], 16th [[United States Secretary of Agriculture]], in [[Minneapolis]] (d. [[2003]]); [[Kyffin Williams]], Welsh painter, best known for his landscape work of [[Wales]], in [[Llangefni]], [[Wales]] (d. [[2006 in art|2006]])
* '''Died:''' [[Richard Hutton Davies]], English-New Zealand army officer, commander of the [[6th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)|6th Infantry Brigade]] and [[20th (Light) Division|20th Light Division]] during [[World War I]], recipient of the [[Order of the Bath]] (b. [[1861]])

== [[May 10]], 1918 (Friday) ==
[[File:US Airmail inverted Jenny 24c 1918 issue.jpg|thumb|right|150px|The 24-cent [[Inverted Jenny]] U.S postage stamp, with the upside-down [[Curtiss JN Jenny|Curtiss Jenny airplane]]]]
* [[Battle of Kaniów]] &ndash; Around 8,000 troops with the [[Polish II Corps in Russia]] under command of [[Józef Haller]] were surprised and encircled by a larger [[Imperial German Army]] of 12,000 soldiers near [[Kaniv|Kaniów]], [[Ukraine]].<ref>{{in lang|pl}} Jacek Woyno, [http://archiwumcaw.wp.mil.pl/biuletyn/b25/b25_6.pdf MATERIAŁY ARCHIWALNE DO DZIEJÓW POLSKICH FORMACJI WOJSKOWYCH W ROSJI (19141920)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229192221/http://archiwumcaw.wp.mil.pl/biuletyn/b25/b25_6.pdf |date=December 29, 2014 }}, B I U L E T Y N   Nr 25 WOJSKOWEJ SŁUŻBY ARCHIWALNEJ 2002</ref>
* German Zeppelin ''L 62'' exploded and broke in half before crashing in flames over the [[North Sea]] with the loss of all hands. The German Naval Airship Service blamed her loss on an accident, while the [[Royal Air Force]] claimed one of its [[flying boat]]s shot her down.<ref>Whitehouse, Arch, ''The Zeppelin Fighters'', New York: Ace Books, 1966, no ISBN, pp. 239-240</ref>
* German submarine {{SMU|UB-16||6}} was torpedoed and sunk in the [[North Sea]] by [[Royal Navy]] submarine {{HMS|E34}} with the loss of 15 of her 16 crew.<ref>{{cite book| last=Messimer| first=Dwight R. |title=Verschollen: World War I U-boat losses| location= Annapolis, Maryland | publisher=Naval Institute Press| year=2002| isbn=978-1-55750-475-3| oclc=231973419| page=135}}</ref>
* The [[Inverted Jenny]] postage stamp, which features an upside-down image of a [[Curtiss JN Jenny|Curtiss Jenny airplane]], was issued by the [[United States Postal Service]] by accident. While probably the most famous errors in American [[philately]], only one pane in 100 was ever found showing the error, making it also one of the most prized with an estimated value of [[United States dollar|US $]]977,500.<ref>{{cite web |title=The 1918 24¢ Inverted "Jenny" |work=Sale 946a |publisher=[[Robert A. Siegel]] |date=2007-11-14 | url=http://www.siegelauctions.com/2007/946a/s946a.htm |access-date=2014-11-13}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Peter Porekuu Dery]], Ghanaian clergy, [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tamale|Archbishop of Tamale]] from 1974 to 1994, in [[Wa, Ghana]] (d. [[2008]]); [[R. N. Kao]], Indian intelligence officer, first chief of the [[Research and Analysis Wing]] for the [[Government of India]], in [[Varanasi|Benares]], [[British Raj|British India]] (d. [[2002]])
* '''Born:''' [[T. Berry Brazelton]], American pediatrician, developer of the [[Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale]], in [[Waco, Texas]] (d. [[2018]]); [[George Welch (pilot)|George Welch]], American air force officer and test pilot, recipient of the [[Distinguished Service Cross (United States)|Distinguished Service Cross]] and [[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]], [[Medal of Honor]] nominee for action during the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]], in [[Wilmington, Delaware]] (d. [[1954]], killed in a plane crash)
* '''Died:''' [[Alexander Oswald Brodie]], American army officer and politician, 15th Governor of the [[Arizona Territory]], member of the [[Rough Riders]] during the [[Spanish–American War]] (b. [[1849]])

== [[May 11]], 1918 (Saturday) ==
* The [[Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus]] was officially established.<ref>{{Citation| last=Saparov| first=Arsène| year=2015| title=From Conflict to Autonomy in the Caucasus: The Soviet Union and the making of Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Nagorno Karabakh| publisher=Routledge| location=New York City| page=43}}</ref>
* [[Battle of Kaniów]] &ndash; After a full day of stiff resistance from the [[Polish II Corps in Russia]], the German command offered a ceasefire. Germany suffered an estimated 1,500 dead while Polish forces sustained around 1,000 casualties, of those only two dozen died. Another 3,250 Polish troops were taken prisoner although many thousands, including commanding officer [[Józef Haller]], managed to escape.<ref>{{in lang|pl}} Jacek Woyno, [http://archiwumcaw.wp.mil.pl/biuletyn/b25/b25_6.pdf MATERIAŁY ARCHIWALNE DO DZIEJÓW POLSKICH FORMACJI WOJSKOWYCH W ROSJI (19141920)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229192221/http://archiwumcaw.wp.mil.pl/biuletyn/b25/b25_6.pdf |date=December 29, 2014 }}, B I U L E T Y N   Nr 25 WOJSKOWEJ SŁUŻBY ARCHIWALNEJ 2002</ref>
* Italian [[troopship]] {{SS|Verona|1908|2}} was sunk by German submarine {{SMU|UC-52||6}}, killing 880 passengers and crew.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/7357.html |title=Verona |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=18 December 2012}}</ref>
* [[French Navy]] [[troopship]] ''[[SS Sant Anna|Sant Anna]]'' was sunk in the [[Mediterranean Sea]] by German submarine {{SMU|UC-54||6}}, killing 605 passengers and crew.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/5425.html |title=Sant Anna |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=20 December 2012}}</ref>
* German submarine {{SMU|U-154||6}} was torpedoed and sunk in the [[Atlantic Ocean]] by [[Royal Navy]] submarine {{HMS|E35}} with the loss of all 77 crew.<ref>{{cite Uboat.net|id=154|name=U 154|type=1sub|accessdate=22 January 2010}}</ref>
* Racing horse [[Exterminator (horse)|Exterminator]] with jockey [[Willie Knapp]] won the [[1918 Kentucky Derby|44th running]] of the [[Kentucky Derby]] with a time of 2:10.08.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://d3b4lt1s53xf6k.cloudfront.net/sites/kentuckyderby.com/files/charts/1918.pdf |title=1918 Kentucky Derby Results Tables |access-date=2018-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814060051/http://d3b4lt1s53xf6k.cloudfront.net/sites/kentuckyderby.com/files/charts/1918.pdf |archive-date=2011-08-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* British artist [[Paul Nash (artist)|Paul Nash]] opened his exhibition ''The Void of War'' at the [[Leicester Galleries]] in [[London]].<ref>{{cite book|editor-first=Gordon |editor-last=Hughes |editor-first2=Philipp |editor-last2=Bloom |publisher=Getty Publishing |year=2014 |title=Nothing but the Clouds Unchanged:Artists in World War 1 |isbn=978-1-60606-431-3}}</ref>
* The sports [[Club Universitario de Buenos Aires]] was established in [[Buenos Aires]]. It is most noted for its [[rugby union]] team but also offered a wide range of sports disciplines including [[basketball]], [[boxing]], [[association football]], [[gymnastics]], [[golf]], [[field hockey]], [[martial arts]], [[swimming (sport)|swimming]], [[tennis]], [[volleyball]] and many others.<ref>[http://www.cuba.org.ar/institucional/index.php History of CUBA on club's website]</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Richard Feynman]], American physicist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] for his research into [[quantum mechanics]], in [[New York City]] (d. [[1988]]); [[Sheila Burnford]], Scottish-Canadian children's writer, author of ''[[The Incredible Journey]]'' (d. [[1984]])
* '''Died:''' [[George Elmslie (Australian politician)|George Elmslie]], Australian politician, 25th [[Premier of Victoria]] (b. [[1861]])

== [[May 12]], 1918 (Sunday) ==
* German submarine {{SMU|UB-72||6}} was depth charged and sunk in the [[English Channel]] by [[Royal Navy]] submarine {{HMS|D4}} with the loss of 34 of her crew.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/boats/index.html?boat=UB+72 |title=UB 72 |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=12 November 2012}}</ref>
* German submarine {{SMU|U-103||6}} was rammed and sunk in the [[Atlantic Ocean]] by British ocean liner {{RMS|Olympic||2}} with the loss of nine of her 40 crew. Survivors were rescued by [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] destroyer {{USS|Davis|DD-65|6}}.<ref>{{cite book | last = McCartney | first = Innes |author2=Jak Mallmann-Showell  |title=Lost Patrols: Submarine Wrecks of the English Channel | publisher = Periscope Publishing Ltd. | year = 2002 | isbn = 1-904381-04-9| page = 36}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Kemp | first = Paul| title=U-Boats Destroyed (German submarine losses in the World Wars)| publisher = Arms and Armour Press | year = 1997 | location = London | isbn = 1-85409-321-5| page = 49}}</ref>
* The [[association football|football]] [[Sport Club Gaúcho]] was established in [[Passo Fundo]], [[Brazil]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Escudos dos Times do Mundo Inteiro|publisher=Panda Books|author=Rodolfo Rodrigues|year=2009|page=77}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Julius and Ethel Rosenberg|Julius Rosenberg]], American spy, convicted along with [[Julius and Ethel Rosenberg|Ethel]] for sharing state secrets with the [[Soviet Union]], in [[New York City]] (d. [[1953]], executed); [[Mary Kay Ash]], American business executive, founder of [[Mary Kay|Mary Kay Cosmetics]], in [[Cypress, Texas|Hot Wells, Texas]] (d. [[2001]])
* '''Died:''' [[Rose Selfridge]], American-British socialite, wife to [[Harry Gordon Selfridge]], the owner of the [[Selfridges]] department store chain (b. [[1860]])

== [[May 13]], 1918 (Monday) ==
* The [[United States Postal Service]] issued the first [[airmail]] stamps to the public, bearing a picture of a [[Curtiss JN Jenny|Curtis "Jenny" airplane]].<ref>Anonymous, "Today in History," ''The Washington Post Express'', May 13, 2013, p. 26</ref>
* German submarine {{SMU|UB-114||6}} sank at [[Kiel]], [[Germany]] with the loss of seven of her crew. The vessel was later raised.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/boats/index.html?boat=UB+114 |title=UB 114 |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=15 November 2012}}</ref>
* The [[French Army]] established the [[501e Régiment de chars de combat|501st Combat Tank Regiment]].<ref>''Avec les chars d'assaut'' Marcel Fourier. Hachette, 1919 (Témoins), pp. 308-310)</ref>
* Children's author [[L. Frank Baum]] published the 12th [[Land of Oz|Oz]] book, ''[[The Tin Woodman of Oz]]'', which helped reverse a trend in declining book sales of the series.<ref>Katharine M. Rogers, ''L. Frank Baum: Creator of Oz,'' New York, St. Martin's Press, 2002; pp. 230-1.</ref>
* Filmmaker [[William Desmond Taylor]] released ''[[Huck and Tom]]'' as a sequel to ''[[Tom Sawyer (1917 film)|Tom Sawyer]]'', with [[Jack Pickford]] and [[Robert Gordon (actor)|Robert Gordon]] reprising their roles of the [[Mark Twain]] characters.<ref>[http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/H/HuckAndTom1918.html Progressive Silent Film List: ''Huck and Tom''] at silentera.com</ref><ref>[http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=2327 The AFI Catalog of Feature Films: ''Huck and Tom'']</ref>
* [[Roscoe Arbuckle|Fatty Arbuckle]] starred in the comedy short ''[[Moonshine (1918 film)|Moonshine]]'', which he also directed. Portions of the film still survive.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/M/Moonshine1918.html |title=Progressive Silent Film List: ''Moonshine'' |access-date=February 26, 2008|work=silentera.com}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Balasaraswati]], Indian dancer and choreographer, known for her promotion of [[Bharatanatyam]] traditional dance, recipient of the [[Padma Bhushan]] and [[Padma Vibhushan]] civilian awards in [[India]], in [[Chennai|Madras]], [[British Raj|British India]] (d. [[1984]])

== [[May 14]], 1918 (Tuesday) ==
* [[Royal Navy]] [[destroyer]] {{HMS|Phoenix|1911|6}} was torpedoed and sunk in the [[Adriatic Sea]] by Austro-Hungarian submarine {{SMU|U-27|Austria-Hungary|6}}, killing two of the 72 crew.<ref>{{cite book | last = Gibson | first = R. H. |author2=Maurice Prendergast <!-- not the American painter --> | title = The German Submarine War, 1914–1918 | location = Annapolis, Maryland | publisher = Naval Institute Press | year = 2003 | orig-year = 1931 | isbn = 978-1-59114-314-7 | oclc = 52924732|page=271 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKCas1918-05May.htm|title=Royal Naval Casualties May 1918 at Naval-History.net|access-date=2008-09-28}}</ref>
* South African mayor [[Harry Hands]] instituted the "Three Minute Pause", which was initiated by the daily firing of the [[Noon Gun]] on [[Signal Hill (Cape Town)|Signal Hill]] in [[Cape Town]], [[South Africa]]. The ceremony inspired the introduction of the [[two-minute silence]] in November 1919.<ref>Royal Canadian Legion Branch # 138.[http://people.becon.org/~rcl138/milestone.php  "2-Minute Wave of Silence" Revives a Time-honoured Tradition]. Accessed on 5 June 2014.</ref>
* [[Iowa]] [[List of governors of Iowa|Governor]] [[William L. Harding]] issued a hard-line anti-German proclamation (later known as the [[Babel Proclamation]]) that stated "only [[English language|English]] was legal in public or private schools, in public conversations, on trains, over the telephone, at all meetings, and in all religious services."<ref>Derr, Nancy. "The Babel Proclamation," ''The Palimpsest'' 60, No. 4 (July/August 1979): pp. 100-101</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[James Hardy (surgeon)|James Hardy]], American surgeon, performed the first lung transplant, in Newala, [[Alabama]] (d. [[2003]])
* '''Died:''' [[James Gordon Bennett Jr.]], American newspaper mogul, publisher of the ''[[New York Herald]]'' (b. [[1841]])

== [[May 15]], 1918 (Wednesday) ==
* The [[White Guard (Finland)|White Guards]] captured Russian-held [[Fort Ino]] at [[Neva Bay]], [[Finland]], formally ending all fighting in the [[Finnish Civil War]].<ref>Keränen et al. 1992, pp. 123–137</ref>
* The [[United States Postal Service]] started the world's third regular [[airmail]] service between [[New York City]], [[Philadelphia]] and [[Washington, D.C.]] [[United States Postmaster General|Postmaster General]] [[Albert S. Burleson]] assigned Assistant Post Master General [[Otto Praeger]] additional duties as the first chief of the [[United States airmail service]], telling Praeger, "The airmail once started must not stop, but must be constantly improved and expanded until it would become, like the steamship and the railroad, a permanent transportation feature of the postal service."<ref>Jensen, Richard, "The Suicide Club," ''Aviation History'', May 2017, p. 62.</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Who's who in American Aeronautics| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VRpaAAAAYAAJ&q=Otto+Praeger+died&pg=PA85|year=1922  |access-date=2017-04-02 }}</ref>
* The [[Royal Air Force]] established air squadron [[No. 145 Squadron RAF|No. 145]].<ref>{{cite web| title=History of 145 Squadron| url=https://www.raf.mod.uk/history/145squadron.cfm| website=Royal Air Force| access-date=13 December 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703184657/https://www.raf.mod.uk/history/145squadron.cfm| archive-date=3 July 2017| url-status=dead}}</ref>
* The [[Packard-Le Père LUSAC-11|Packard-Le Père aircraft]] was first flown.<ref>Angelucci, Enzo, ''The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present'', New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 195</ref>
* Construction began on the [[Brooklyn Army Terminal]] in [[New York City]] and would open in September 1919, ten months after [[World War I]] ended.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/55629106/?terms=%27brooklyn%2Barmy%2Bbase%22|title=Uncle Sam Pay Roll $200,000 A Week at Bay Ridge War Base|date=August 25, 1918|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|access-date=August 20, 2018|page=15|via=Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com}} {{open access}}</ref>
* Osaka Nomura Bank, as predecessor of [[Resona Holdings]], a major financial group in [[Japan]], was founded.<ref>[[:ja:大阪野村銀行#沿革]] '''(Japanese language edition)''' Retrieved on May 27, 2020.</ref> 
* The football club [[Violette AC|Violette]] was established in [[Port-au-Prince]], [[Haiti]].<ref>[http://www.haiti-reference.com/loisirs/football/equipes.php Haiti Reference: Le Football Haitien: Équipes et Clubs]</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Eddy Arnold]], American country music singer, second best-selling country music artist of all time with over 85 million records, in [[Henderson, Tennessee]] (d. [[2008]]); [[Joseph Wiseman]], Canadian actor, best known for [[Julius No|Dr. No]] in the [[Dr. No (film)|first James Bond film]], in [[Montreal]] (d. [[2009]]); [[Arthur Jackson (sport shooter)|Arthur Jackson]], American sharpshooter, bronze medalist at the [[1952 Summer Olympics]], in [[New York City]] (d. [[2015]])

== [[May 16]], 1918 (Thursday) ==
[[File:Kenraali C. G. E. Mannerheim (26936604946).jpg|thumb|upright|right|General [[Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim|C. G. E. Mannerheim]] in uniform with an armband showing the [[coat of arms of Finland]]|alt=A studio-style picture of General Mannerheim, commander-in-chief of the White Army. He is looking away with his left shoulder turned towards the camera. On his left arm, a white armband shows the coat of arms of Finland.]]
* [[United States Congress]] approved the [[Sedition Act of 1918|Sedition Act]], which extended the [[Espionage Act of 1917|Espionage Act]] to cover a broader range of offenses including public speech or expression that cast the [[Federal government of the United States|U.S. Government]] or its war effort in a negative light or interfered with its sale of [[war bond]]s.<ref>Kennedy, David M., ''Over Here: The First World War and American Society'' (NY: Oxford University Press, 2004), p. 80</ref><ref>Stone, Geoffrey R., ''Perilous Times: Free Speech in Wartime from the Sedition Act of 1798 to the War on Terrorism'' (NY: W. W. Norton & Company, 2004), p. 541</ref>
* [[White Guard (Finland)|White Guard]] commander [[Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim]] held a victory parade in [[Helsinki]] to formally celebrate the end of the [[Finnish Civil War]].<ref>Keränen et al. 1992, pp. 123–137</ref>
* The [[Imperial German Navy]] recommissioned the [[light cruiser]] [[SMS Stuttgart|''Stuttgart'']] as a [[seaplane tender]], the only German seagoing aviation ship capable of working with the fleet commissioned during both world wars.<ref>Layman, R.D., ''Before the Aircraft Carrier: The Development of Aviation Vessels 1849-1922'', Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1989, {{ISBN|0-87021-210-9}}, p. 27</ref>
* The [[United States Army]] established the [[III Corps (United States)|Third Corps]] to support [[Allies of World War I|Allied]] forces on the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]].<ref>{{cite book|first=John B. |last=Wilson |title=Armies, Corps, Divisions, and Separate Brigades |year=1999 |publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]] |isbn= 978-0160499920| chapter = III Corps | page=53| chapter-url = http://www.history.army.mil/BOOKS/Lineage/ACDSB/ACDSB-FM.htm}}</ref>
* The [[Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionary Party]] split into two factions during its fourth congress.<ref>[http://history.franko.lviv.ua/IIIu_3.htm Ukrainian Party of Socialist Revolutionaries]. Handbook on the History of Ukraine</ref>
* [[Ukrinform]] was established as the national news agency for [[Ukraine]], with nationalist leader [[Dmytro Dontsov]] as its first director.<ref>[http://www.nrcu.gov.ua/index.php?id=148&listid=66334 Ukrainian National News Agency UKRINFORM celebrates its 90th anniversary], [[National Radio Company of Ukraine]] (May 15, 2008)</ref><ref>[http://www.kmu.gov.ua/control/en/publish/article?art_id=13256968&cat_id=32740 On March 1 the national news agency Ukrinform launched Ukraine's first Internet radio service], [[Government of Ukraine]] (March 2, 2005)</ref>
* Hazel Turner, a black farmer, was [[May 1918 lynchings|lynched]] by a white mob in [[Lowndes County, Georgia]] on suspicion for the shooting death of local farmer Hampton Smith, based on the assumption it was because of a public dispute between the two men. Turner's death was one of 13 black men killed by a vigilante mob on behalf of the Smith family.<ref>{{Cite news| volume = 16| issue = 5| pages = 221–223| last = White| first = Walter F| author-link = Walter Francis White| title = The work of a mob| work = The Crisis| date = September 1918| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ZVoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA221}}</ref>
* The [[George Washington and Jefferson National Forests|Shenandoah National Forest]] was established in the [[Appalachian Mountains]] of the [[United States]]. It was renamed George Washington National Forest in 1932, with the Jefferson National Forest added to the preserve in 1936.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.foresthistory.org/ASPNET/places/National%20Forests%20of%20the%20U.S.pdf| title=The National Forests of the United States |publisher=The Forest History Society| last=Davis| first=Richard C.|date=2005-09-29| access-date=2009-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205110527/http://www.foresthistory.org/Research/usfscoll/places/National%20Forests%20of%20the%20U.S.pdf |archive-date=2009-02-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Wilf Mannion]], English football player, [[forward (association football)#Inside forward|inside forward]] for [[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]] from 1936 to 1954, and the [[England national football team]] from 1946 to 1951, in [[South Bank, Redcar and Cleveland|South Bank]], [[North Yorkshire]], [[England]] (d. [[2000]])
* '''Died:''' [[Eusapia Palladino]], Italian spiritualist, best known for her [[séance]] demonstrations (b. [[1854]])

== [[May 17]], 1918 (Friday) ==
* German submarine {{SMU|UC-35||6}} was shelled and sunk in the [[Mediterranean Sea]] by a [[French Navy]] patrol ship with the loss of 20 of her 25 crew.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/boats/index.html?boat=UC+35 |title=UC 35 |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=26 September 2012}}</ref>
* The fraternity [[Pi Kappa Lambda]] was established at [[Northwestern University]] in [[Evanston, Illinois]] and became known as a music education fraternity.<ref>[http://www.pikappalambda.org/ Official website]</ref>
* Japanese industrial paint manufacturer [[Kansai Paint]] was established in [[Amagasaki]], [[Japan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Kansai -Corporate Profile|url=http://www.kansai.com/about-us/|website=Kansai.com|access-date=26 November 2017}}</ref>
* The sports [[Club Atlético Banco de la Provincia de Buenos Aires]] was established in Vicente López, [[Argentina]]. It now has sections in [[field hockey]], [[basketball]], [[association football]], [[gymnastics]], [[golf]], [[swimming (sport)|swimming]], [[tennis]], and [[martial arts]].<ref>[http://www.clubbpba.com.ar/principa.htm Historia del Club at official site]</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Birgit Nilsson]], Swedish opera singer, best known for performances in [[Richard Wagner|Wagner]] operas for various companies including the [[Royal Swedish Opera]], in [[Västra Karup]], [[Sweden]] (d. [[2005]]); [[Robert Shields (diarist)|Robert Shields]], American minister and teacher who became known for writing a diary of 37.5 million words, possibly the longest ever written (d. [[2007]])
* '''Died:''' [[William Drew Robeson I|William Drew Robeson]], American religious leader, minister of the black branch of the First Presbyterian Church of [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]], father of singer and actor [[Paul Robeson]] (b. [[1844]])

== [[May 18]], 1918 (Saturday) ==
* [[French Navy]] [[destroyer]] {{ship|French destroyer|Catapulte||2}} collided with British cargo ship and sank in the [[Mediterranean Sea]] off [[French Algeria|Algeria]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/WW1NavyFrench.htm |title=French Navy |publisher=Naval History |access-date=21 February 2013}}</ref>
* [[Royal Navy]] cargo ship SS Chesterfield, was torpedoed and sunk in the [[Mediterranean Sea]] by German submarine {{SMU|UC-52||6}} with the loss of four of her crew.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/1244.html |title=Chesterfield | publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=18 December 2012}}</ref>
* The [[British Indian Army]] established the [[11th Gurkha Rifles]] for the [[Mesopotamian campaign]].<ref>{{cite book| last=Perry| first=F.W| year=1993| title=Order of Battle of Divisions Part 5B. Indian Army Divisions| publisher=Ray Westlake Military Books| location= Newport| isbn=1-871167-23-X| page=80}}</ref>
* The football league [[Federação Gaúcha de Futebol]] was established to manage all football tournaments in [[Rio Grande do Sul]], [[Brazil]].<ref>{{cite book| title=Escudos dos Times do Mundo Inteiro| publisher=Panda Books| author=Rodolfo Rodrigues| year=2009| page=36}}</ref>
* The football club [[Ølstykke FC|Ølstykke]] was established in [[Ølstykke]], [[Denmark]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The formation of Idrætsforening 1918| url=http://live-1322-oelstykke-fc.umbraco-proxy.com/oelstykke-kroenikken/de-foerste-aar/stiftelsen/| website=Ølstykke F.C.| access-date=4 December 2017| language=da}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Tom Bolack]], American politician, 20th [[Governor of New Mexico]], in [[Cowley County, Kansas]] (d. [[1998]])
* '''Died:''' [[Toivo Kuula]], Finnish composer, known for works including ''Stabat mater'' and ''Ostrobothnian Suites'' (b. [[1883]])

== [[May 19]], 1918 (Sunday) ==
[[File:Gervais Raoul Lufbery (LC-USZ62-101970).jpg|thumb|right|150px|French [[flying ace]] [[Raoul Lufbery]]]]
* French [[flying ace]] [[Raoul Lufbery]] was killed when he fell from his plane during a dogfight with a German aircraft. He had 17 confirmed victories at the time of his death.<ref>Rickenbacker, Edward V. (1919). ''Fighting the Flying Circus''. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company; pp. 94-96</ref>
* Mary Turner, wife to Hazel Turner who was also pregnant, was [[May 1918 lynchings|lynched and burned to death]] by a white mob in [[Lowndes County, Georgia]] after speaking out against her husband's lynching three days earlier.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.maryturner.org/images/place.pdf | title=A Place to Lay Their Heads | access-date=November 23, 2015 | author=Forehand, C. Tyrone}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last = Ramos|first = Kara |title = Remembering a dark page of history|work = Valdosta Daily Times|location = Valdosta, GA|access-date = 2013-05-23|date = 2010-05-15|url = http://valdostadailytimes.com/local/x712209351/Remembering-a-dark-page-of-history}}</ref> Despite a state investigation that identified 15 suspects involved in the lynching, no charges were laid.<ref>{{cite book| first=Patricia|last=Bernstein|title=The First Waco Horror| year=2005|place=College Station|publisher=Texas A&M University Press| page=176}}</ref>
* [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] [[Major (rank)|Major]] Harold M. Clark Jr. and [[Sergeant]] Robert P. Gay make the first inter-island flight in [[Hawaii]], flying from [[Fort Kamehameha]] on [[Oahu]] to [[Maui]]. They continued on to the [[Hawaii (island)|island of Hawaii]] the same day, where they crashed on the slopes of [[Mauna Kea]]. Uninjured, they wandered on foot for a week before finding help.<ref>[http://hawaii.gov/hawaiiaviation/chronology-of-aviation-in-hawaii/1879-1919/ Aviation Hawaii: 1879-1919 Chronology of Aviation in Hawaii]</ref>
* The film drama ''[[Old Wives for New]]'', directed by [[Cecil B. DeMille]], was released to controversy with its depiction of star [[Elliott Dexter]] actively seeking an adulterous affair. Despite the illicit material, the film became the fifth-highest grossing of the year. Copies of the film survive at the [[George Eastman Museum]] in [[Rochester, New York]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/O/OldWivesForNew1918.html |title=Progressive Silent Film List: ''Old Wives for New'' |access-date=2008-04-17|work=silentera.com}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Abraham Pais]], Dutch-American physicist, known for collaborations with [[Niels Bohr]] and [[Albert Einstein]], in [[Amsterdam]] (d. [[2000]]); [[Edward Wilmot Blyden III|Edward Blyden]], Sierra Leone diplomat, ambassador to the [[United Nations]], grandson of [[Edward Wilmot Blyden]], in [[Freetown]], [[Sierra Leone]] (d. [[2010]])
* '''Died:''' [[Ferdinand Hodler]], Swiss painter, member of the [[Symbolism (arts)|Symbolism]] movement with works including ''Night'' (b. [[1853 in art|1853]]); [[George Bent]], Native American soldier, member of the [[Cheyenne]] nation who fought with the [[Confederate States Army|Confederates]] during the [[American Civil War]], known for his collaborations with anthropologist [[George Bird Grinnell]] (b. [[1843]])

== [[May 20]], 1918 (Monday) ==
* [[Germany]] launched the largest, and last, heavier-than-air raid against the [[United Kingdom]] of [[World War I]], with 38 [[Gothaer Waggonfabrik|Gotha]] and three ''Riesenfkugzeug'' bombers participating. The bombers dropped 2,724 pounds (1,236&nbsp;kg) of bombs according to British estimates or 1,500 kilograms (3,307 pounds) according to the Germans, killing 49 people, injuring 177, and inflicting [[Pound sterling|£]]117,317 in damage. British fighters and antiaircraft guns shot down six Gothas, and a seventh was forced to land in [[England]]. [[Germany]] had made a total 27 heavier-than-air raids, dropping 111,935&nbsp;kg (246,774&nbsp;lbs) of bombs that killed total 835 people, injured 1,972, and inflicted [[Pound sterling|£]]1,418,272 of damages in exchange for the loss of 62 bombers either shot down or crashed while returning to base.<ref>Fredette, Raymond H., ''The Sky on Fire: The First Battle of Britain 1917–1918'', New York: Harvest, 1976, {{ISBN|0-15-682750-6}}, p. 266</ref>
* The small town of [[Codell, Kansas]] was hit for the third year in a row on the same date by a [[tornado]], killing 10 people and damaging the town's school, Methodist church, hotel and several residencies. The third tornado proved to be the most damaging to the town's economy and it did not fully recover after the disaster.<ref>"Tornado Traverses Trego, Ellis, Rooks and Osborne Counties. Ten Killed, Scores of Injured. Property Damage in Million. Codell in Part Ruins.", Plainville Times, 23 May 1918, p. 1</ref>
* A special [[Conscription Crisis of 1918|anti-conscription]] convention was held in [[Dublin]], where leaders condemned the arrest and deportation of [[Sinn Féin]] leaders [[Éamon de Valera]] and [[Arthur Griffith]] for their alleged involvement in the "[[German Plot (Ireland)|German Plot]]".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.waterfordmuseum.ie/exhibit/web/Display/article/283/3/The_Hay_Plan__Conscription_In_Ireland_During_WW1_Nationalist__Union_Opinions.html |title=The Hay Plan & Conscription in Ireland During WW1 |last1=Hennessy |first1=Dave |publisher=Waterford County Museum |access-date=11 December 2012}}</ref>
* The [[Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps|United States Army Aviation Section]] separated from [[Signal Corps (United States Army)|Signal Corps]] and was divided into the [[Division of Military Aeronautics]] and the Bureau of Aircraft Production.<ref>Craven, Wesley Frank, and Cate, James Lea, editors (1983). ''The Army Air Forces In World War II'', Air Force Historical Studies Office, {{ISBN|0-912799-03-X}} (Vol. 1), p. 9</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Edward B. Lewis]], American geneticist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for the development of [[evolutionary developmental biology]], in [[Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania]] (d. [[2004]]); [[David Ormsby-Gore, 5th Baron Harlech|David Ormsby-Gore]], British diplomat, 36th [[List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to the United States|Ambassador of the United Kingdom to the United States]], in [[London]] (d. [[1985]]); [[Piru Singh]], Indian army officer, member of the [[Rajputana Rifles]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948|Indo-Pakistani War]], recipient of the [[Param Vir Chakra]], in [[Beri, Rajasthan|Beri]], [[British Raj|British India]] (d. [[1948]], killed in action)

== [[May 21]], 1918 (Tuesday) ==
* [[Battle of Sardarabad]] &ndash; An Ottoman army of 13,000 soldiers invaded [[Armenia]] by taking [[Armavir, Armenia|Sardarabad]] and advancing on the city of [[Yerevan]].<ref>{{in lang|tr}} Gürbüz, Mustafa, [http://www.eraren.org/index.php?Lisan=tr&Page=DergiIcerik&IcerikNo=498 "1917 Rus İhtilali Sonrası Kafkasya'da Türk Askeri Faaliyetleri: Serdarabad Savaşları ve Siyasi Sonuçları"] [Turkish Military Operations in the Caucasus after the 1917 Russian Revolution: The battles of Serdarabad and its Political Results]. ''Ermeni Araştırmaları'', No. 25, 2007</ref>
* [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] patrol ship {{USS|Christabel|SP-162|6}} damaged German submarine [[SM UC-56|SM ''UC-56'']] when it attempted to attack a British merchant ship it was escorting in the [[Atlantic Ocean]] off the coast of [[Spain]].<ref>{{cite web | last = Helgason | first = Guðmundur | title = WWI U-boats: UC-56| url = http://uboat.net/wwi/boats/index.html?boat=UC+56 | work = U-Boat War in World War I | publisher = Uboat.net | access-date =  29 September 2012 }}</ref>
* A fire destroyed an airplane manufacturing plant owned by [[Fowler Airplane Corporation]] in [[San Francisco]], destroying 15 aircraft models and costing somewhere between $250,000 and $1 million in damages.<ref>Wire service, "Fifteen Air Planes Are Destroyed By Big Fire", ''Daily News'', Red Bluff, California, Wednesday 22 May 1918, Volume XXXIV, Number 169, page 1.</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.dommagazine.com/article/factory-fires-and-other-challenges-aircraft-builder| title=Factory Fires and Other Challenges of Aircraft Builder DOM Magazine| work=dommagazine.com| access-date=13 October 2016}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Lloyd Hartman Elliott]], American academic, president of [[George Washington University]] from 1965 to 1988, in [[Clay County, West Virginia]] (d. [[2013]]); [[Robin McNair]], British air force officer, commander of the [[No. 247 Squadron RAF|No. 247]], [[No. 74 Squadron RAF|No. 74 Squadrons]] and [[No. 124 Wing RAF|No. 124 Wing]] during [[World War II]],  recipient of the [[Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)|Distinguished Flying Cross]], in [[Rio de Janeiro]] (d. [[1996]]); [[Karl Schwanzer]], Austrian architect, designer of the [[21er Haus]] and [[BMW Headquarters]] buildings, in [[Vienna]] (d. [[1975]])

== [[May 22]], 1918 (Wednesday) ==
* [[Battle of Sardarabad]] &ndash; The Armenian Army Corps of 9,000 men managed to force the Ottomans back to regroup at the [[Aras (river)|Araks River]].<ref>{{in lang|hy}} Harutunyan, Ashot H. ''«Սարդարապատի ճակատամարտ 1918»'' [The Battle of Sardarapat, 1918]. [[Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia]]. Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1984, vol. x, pp. 227-228.</ref>
* [[Battle of Abaran]] &ndash; An Armenian force of 1,000 riflemen halted the Ottoman advance towards [[Spitak|Hamamlu]] at the [[Aparan|Bash Abaran]] in [[Armenia]].<ref>Yalçın Murgul, "Baku Expedition of 1917–1918: A Study of the Ottoman Policy towards the Caucasus", Master's Thesis, 2007, Department of History Bilkent University, [http://www.thesis.bilkent.edu.tr/0003428.pdf p. 55.]</ref>
* [[Axeman of New Orleans]] &ndash; Joseph Maggio, an Italian grocer in [[New Orleans]], and his wife Catherine were murdered in their own home while sleeping. The killer cut both of their throats with a razor and bludgeoned them with an axe. Joseph survived long enough to be found by his brothers to report the attack. It set off a string of similar murders that terrorized the city until 1919 when the murder spree stopped. None of the serial murders have been solved.<ref>{{cite book|first=Cameron|last=Gibson|title=Serial Murder and Media Circuses|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing]]|location=Westport, CT|isbn= 0275990648|year=2006|page=18}}</ref>
* The [[Handley Page V/1500|Handley Page aircraft]] was first flown.<ref>Bowyer, Chaz. ''Handley Page Bombers of the First World War''. Bourne End, Bucks, UK:Aston Publications, 1992. {{ISBN|0-946627-68-1}}. pp. 122-123</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Lude Check]], Canadian [[ice hockey]] player, [[winger (ice hockey)|left winger]] for the [[Detroit Red Wings]] and [[Chicago Blackhawks]] from [[1943]] to [[1951]], in [[Brandon, Manitoba]] (d. [[2009]]); [[John C. Haas]], American business executive, chairman of [[Rohm and Haas]] from 1974 to 1978, in [[Haverford, Pennsylvania]] (d. [[2011]])

== [[May 23]], 1918 (Thursday) ==
* [[Costa Rica]] declared war on [[Germany]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/digitized-books/world-war-i-declarations/foreign.php#U |title=World War: Declarations of War from Around the World|publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.firstworldwar.com/features/declarationsofwar.htm |title=Who Declared War and When|publisher = Firstworldwar.com}}</ref>
* [[Royal Navy]] [[troopship]] {{RMS|Moldavia}} was torpedoed and sunk in the [[English Channel]] by German submarine {{SMU|UB-57||6}} with the loss of 56 lives.<ref>{{cite web| title = SS Moldavia| publisher = Shipping Times| url = http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=15332| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040907045459/http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=15332| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 7 September 2004| access-date =20 July 2009 }}</ref>
* German submarine {{SMU|UB-52||6}} was torpedoed and sunk in the [[Strait of Otranto]] by [[Royal Navy]] submarine {{HMS|H4}} with all hands lost.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/boats/index.html?boat=UB+52 |title=UB 52 |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=10 November 2012}}</ref>
* British passenger ship ''[[Innisfallen (ship)|Innisfallen]]'' was torpedoed and sunk in the [[Irish Sea]] by German submarine {{SMU|UB-64||6}} with the loss of 10 lives.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/3026.html |title=Innisfallen |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=11 November 2012}}</ref>
* The [[Federal government of the United States|U.S. government]] approved the temporary assignment of U.S. air service cadets undergoing training to the [[Royal Italian Army]]'s [[Corpo Aeronautico Militare|Military Aviation Corps]] so they could complete their tactical training with assignments to Italian bomber squadrons during combat operations, and with the right to transfer them to American units at any time.<ref>Blumberg, Arnold, "Bombing, Italian Style," ''Aviation History'', November 2015, p. 50</ref>
* The [[Ukrainian Navy]] established its own [[Ukrainian Naval Infantry|infantry]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://fleet.sebastopol.ua/morskaderzhava/index.php?article_to_view=18 |title=Морська Держава :: Головна сторiнка - Анонси<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2018-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035630/http://fleet.sebastopol.ua/morskaderzhava/index.php?article_to_view=18 |archive-date=2007-09-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Frank Mancuso]], American major league baseball player and politician, [[catcher]] for the [[St. Louis Browns]] and [[Washington Senators (1901–1960)|Washington Senators]] from 1944 to 1947, member of [[Houston City Council]] from 1963 to 1994, in [[Houston]] (d. [[2007]]); [[Walter Jackson Bate]], American literary critic, recipient of the [[Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography|Pulitzer Prize]] for the biographies of [[John Keats]] in 1964 and [[Samuel Johnson]] in 1978, in [[Mankato, Minnesota]] (d. [[1999]]); [[Denis Compton]], English cricketer, batsman and [[bowling (cricket)|bowler]] for Middlesex from 1936 to 1958, the [[Marylebone Cricket Club]] from 1936 to 1964 and the [[England cricket team]] from 1937 to 1957, in [[Hendon]], [[England]] (d. [[1997]])
* '''Died:''' [[Mariano Ponce]], Filipino politician, one of the founders of the news organization ''[[La Solidaridad]]'' (b. [[1863]]); [[Gerard Noel (Royal Navy officer)|Gerard Noel]], British naval officer, leading naval commander in the [[Anglo-Ashanti wars|Second Anglo-Ashanti War]], recipient of the [[Order of the Bath]] and [[Order of St Michael and St George]] (b. [[1845]])

== [[May 24]], 1918 (Friday) ==
* [[Battle of Sardarabad]] &ndash; The Armenian Army Corps failed in their attempts to dislodge the Ottomans from their defensive positions around [[Aras (river)|Araks River]].<ref>Harutunyan 1984, pp. 227-228</ref>
* Canadian women obtained the right to vote in federal elections. However, women identified as [[Indian Register|Status Indian]] were not given voting rights until 1960.<ref>Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women. http://criaw-icref.ca/millenium {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102194633/http://criaw-icref.ca/millenium |date=2014-01-02 }}</ref>
* U.S. President [[Woodrow Wilson]] issued an [[executive order]] to establish the [[United States Army Air Service]] to replace the [[Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps|Aviation Section]] of the [[Signal Corps (United States Army)|U.S. Signal Corps]]. The Bureau of Aircraft Production and the [[Division of Military Aeronautics]] was also established to develop military aircraft the new air force.<ref>{{cite book |last=Greer |first=  Thomas H. |year=1985 |title=USAF Historical Study 89, The Development of Air Doctrine in the Army Air Arm, 1917–1941 |publisher=Center For Air Force History |location=[[Maxwell Air Force Base]]|url=http://www.afhra.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-090601-130.pdf |access-date=10 Nov 2010 }}, p. 149, Appendix 2 Redesignations of the Army Air Arm, 1907–1942.</ref><ref>Maurer, pp. 3-4</ref>
* The Red Air Fleet was established, the predecessor of the [[Soviet Air Forces]].<ref>Hardesty, Von, ''Red Phoenix: The Rise of Soviet Air Power 1941-1945'', Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1982, {{ISBN|0-87474-510-1}}, p. 36</ref>
* [[József Kiss]], [[Austria-Hungary]]'s fifth-highest-scoring ace, was shot down and killed in combat. He had scored 19 victories.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Duffy|first1=Michael|title=Who's Who-Josef Kiss| url=http://www.firstworldwar.com/bio/kiss.htm| website=First World War.com| access-date=9 April 2018}}</ref>
* The [[CONSUDATLE|Confederación Sudamericana de Atletismo]] was established as the governing body for athletics in [[South America]].<ref>{{Citation | last = Confederación Sudamericana de Atletismo | title = Historial&nbsp;– El origen de la ConSudAtle | url = http://www.consudatle.org/historial.php | language = es | access-date = July 19, 2011 | url-status = usurped | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110621040345/http://www.consudatle.org/historial.php | archive-date = June 21, 2011 }}</ref>
* Composer [[Béla Bartók]] premiered his opera ''[[Bluebeard's Castle]]'' at the [[Hungarian State Opera House|Royal Hungarian Opera House]] in [[Budapest]].<ref>[http://www.bartokrecords.com/articles/bluebeards-castle/ Peter Bartók. Bluebeard's Castle - English translation. Bartók Records. August, 2008]</ref>
* The football club [[Piteå IF|Piteå]] was established in [[Piteå]], [[Sweden]]. Its women's division plays in [[Damallsvenskan]], the highest women's [[association football]] league in [[Sweden]], while the men's plays in [[Division 2 (Swedish football)|Division 2]].<ref>{{cite web| title=About the club| url=https://www.piteaif.se/piteaif/om| website=Piteå IF| access-date=4 December 2017}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Peter J. Brennan]], American public servant, 13th [[United States Secretary of Labor]], in [[New York City]] (d. [[1996]]); [[Jack Wrather]], American business executive and television producer, known for classic 1950s television shows including ''[[The Lone Ranger (TV series)|The Lone Ranger]]'', ''[[Sergeant Preston of the Yukon (TV series)|Sergeant Preston of the Yukon]]'', and ''[[Lassie (1954 TV series)|Lassie]]'', in [[Amarillo, Texas]] (d. [[1984]]); [[Coleman Young]], American politician, 66th [[List of mayors of Detroit|Mayor of Detroit]], first African-American mayor of [[Detroit]], in [[Tuscaloosa, Alabama]] (d. [[1997]])

== [[May 25]], 1918 (Saturday) ==
* [[Battle of Karakilisa]] &ndash; An Ottoman force of 10,000 soldiers marched on [[Vanadzor|Karakilisa]], [[Armenia]] where it met an Armenian force of 6,000 militia.<ref>{{cite book  | last = Walker  | first = Christopher  | title = ARMENIA: The Survival of a Nation  | publisher = St. Martin's Press  | date = 1980  | location = New York  | isbn = 0-7099-0210-7  | page = [https://archive.org/details/armeniasurvivalo0000walk/page/254 254]  | url = https://archive.org/details/armeniasurvivalo0000walk/page/254  }}</ref>
* [[Battle of Abaran]] &ndash; After three days of fierce fighting, the Armenians counterattacked Ottoman forces at the [[Aparan|Bash Abaran]] in [[Armenia]].<ref>Murgul 2007, p. 55</ref>
* The [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] was established for the [[Democratic Republic of Georgia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wwhp.ru/gruzi-mid.htm |title=МИНИСТРЫ ИНОСТРАННЫХ ДЕЛ ГРУЗИИ |trans-title=Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Georgia |access-date=2011-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227071738/http://wwhp.ru/gruzi-mid.htm |archive-date=2010-12-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* The [[Czechoslovak Communist Party in Russia|Czechoslovak Communist Party]] was established in [[Moscow]] as a sort of government in exile until the Czechoslovak region gained independence from the [[Central Powers]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.osaarchivum.org/files/holdings/300/8/3/text/15-1-44.shtml |title=Archived copy |access-date=2008-11-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717200248/http://www.osaarchivum.org/files/holdings/300/8/3/text/15-1-44.shtml |archive-date=2011-07-17 }}</ref><ref>Institute of Marxism–Leninism of the CPCz CC, Institute of Marxism–Leninism of the CPS CC. ''An Outline of the History of the CPCz''. [[Prague]]: Orbis Press Agency, 1980. p. 75</ref>
* [[James Joyce]]'s ''[[Exiles (play)|Exiles: a play in three acts]]'' was published in London.<ref>{{Cite journal| last=MacNicholas| first=John| date=1981-01-01| title=The Stage History of "Exiles"| jstor=25476401|journal=James Joyce Quarterly| volume=19| issue=1| pages=9–26}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Fredrik Kayser]], Norwegian army officer, member of the [[Norwegian Independent Company 1]] during [[World War II]], recipient of the [[St. Olav's Medal with Oak Branch]], [[Military Medal]] and [[Legion of Honour]] (d. [[2009]])
* '''Died:''' [[William Pitt (architect)|William Pitt]], Australian architect, designer of major landmarks in [[Melbourne]] including the [[Queens Bridge (Melbourne)|Queens Bridge]] (b. [[1855 in architecture|1855]])

== [[May 26]], 1918 (Sunday) ==
* The [[Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic]] was abolished, allowing [[Democratic Republic of Georgia|Georgia]] to declare its independence.<ref>{{Citation|last=Suny|first=Ronald Grigor|author-link=Ronald Grigor Suny|year=1994|title=The Making of the Georgian Nation|edition=Second|publisher=Indiana University Press|location=Bloomington, Indiana|isbn=978-0-25-320915-3|pages=191–192}}</ref>
* German submarine {{SMU|UB-74||6}} was depth charged and sunk in [[Lyme Bay]] by a [[Royal Navy]] ship, killing all 35 crew.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/boats/index.html?boat=UB+74 |title=UB 74 |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=12 November 2012}}</ref>
* The British built ''[[Kyarra]]'' was torpedoed and sunk one mile off Anvil Point, near [[Swanage]], [[England]] by a UB-57 German submarine, killing 6 crew.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sskyarra.com/ |title=SS Kyarra |work=sskyarra.com |year=2009 |access-date=4 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306085458/http://www.sskyarra.com/ |archive-date=6 March 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

== [[May 27]], 1918 (Monday) ==
* [[German spring offensive]] &ndash; German forces launched the third stage of their offensive against the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] on the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]] with Operation Blücher-Yorck, beginning with the attack on [[Third Battle of the Aisne|Aisne River]] in [[France]]. Taking advantage of thinly spread out defenses, the Germans advanced through a 40&nbsp;km (25&nbsp;mi) gap in the Allied line, punched through eight Allied divisions between [[Reims]] and [[Soissons]], and gained another 15&nbsp;km to the [[Vesle]] River by nightfall.<ref>Hart, Peter (2008). ''1918: A Very British Victory'', Phoenix Books, London. {{ISBN|978-0-7538-2689-8}}, pp. 266-268, 283</ref>
* [[Battle of Sardarabad]] &ndash; An Armenian force attacked the Ottoman Army from the rear while the main group pounded its front defenses, inflicting 3,500 casualties and forcing the Ottoman command to order a retreat.<ref>Harutunyan 1984, pp. 227-228</ref>
* The [[Azerbaijani National Council]] was established as the governing body of [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic]].<ref>''Protocols of Muslim Faction of Transcaucasian Seym and Azerbaijan National Council. 1918.'' Baku, ''Adiloglu'', 2006 (in Azeri and Russian)</ref>
* '''Born:'''
**[[Yasuhiro Nakasone]], Japanese state leader, 45th [[Prime Minister of Japan]], in [[Takasaki]], [[Japan]] (d. [[2019]])
**[[Frank Balistrieri]], American gangster, boss of the [[Milwaukee crime family]] from 1961 to 1983, in [[Milwaukee]] (d. [[1993]])
* '''Died:''' [[Frederick Trump]], German-American business leader, founder of [[The Trump Organization]], grandfather to [[Donald Trump]] (b. [[1869]])
**[[Robert A. Little]], Australian air force officer, commander of the [[No. 208 Squadron RAF|No. 208]] and [[No. 203 Squadron RAF|No. 203 Squadrons]], recipient of the [[Distinguished Service Order]], [[Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)|Distinguished Service Cross]] and ''[[Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (France)|Croix de guerre]]'' (killed in action) (b. [[1895]])

== [[May 28]], 1918 (Tuesday) ==
* [[First Republic of Armenia|Armenia]] and [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic|Azerbaijan]] both declared independence.<ref>{{cite book| last=Azadian| first=Edmond Y.| title=History on the Move: Views, Interviews and Essays on Armenian Issues| year=1999| publisher=[s.n.] | isbn=9780814329160| page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=KGciVUhpzXUC&pg=PA108 108]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| last=Adalian| first=Rouben Paul| title=Historical dictionary of Armenia| year=2010| publisher=Scarecrow Press| location=Lanham, MD| isbn=9780810874503|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=QS-vSjHObOYC&pg=PA418 418]| edition=2nd| author-link=Rouben Paul Adalian}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Kazemzadeh | first=Firuz| author-link=Firuz Kazemzadeh |title=The Struggle for Transcaucasia: 1917-1921 |publisher=The New York Philosophical Library |year= 1951 | isbn=0-8305-0076-6 |pages=124, 222, 229, 269–270}}</ref>
* [[Germany]] and [[Democratic Republic of Georgia|Georgia]] signed a [[Treaty of Poti|treaty]] at the [[Black Sea]] port of [[Poti]], which was to guarantee Germany would protect Georgia's sovereignty from the growing [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]].<ref>{{cite book| last1=Lang| first1=David Marshall| title=A Modern History of Georgia| url=https://archive.org/details/modernhistoryofg00lang| url-access=registration| date=1962| publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson.| location=London| pages=[https://archive.org/details/modernhistoryofg00lang/page/207 207–8]}}</ref>
* [[Battle of Karakilisa]] &ndash; Ottoman forces failed to break out of [[Vanadzor|Karakilisa]], [[Armenia]] and subsequently retreated.<ref>Walker  1980, p. 254</ref>
* [[Battle of Cantigny]] &ndash; The first military engagement for Americans occurred when the [[1st Infantry Division (United States)|1st Infantry Division]] attacked and captured the German-held village of [[Cantigny Park|Cantigny]], [[France]]. American casualties were 1,603 while the Germans had 1,400 casualties and 250 captured.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sandler|first=Stanley | title = Ground Warfare: An International Encyclopedia, Volume 1|year=2002| publisher = [[ABC-CLIO]]| isbn= 9781576073445|page=150}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Zabecki| first=David T. | author-link = David T. Zabecki| title = Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History [4 volumes]: 400 Years of Military History|year=2014| publisher = [[ABC-CLIO]]| isbn= 9781598849813 |page=222}}</ref>
* The [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Azerbaijan)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] for the government of [[Azerbaijan]] was established.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.azerbaijan.az/_StatePower/_MinistersCabinet/_ministersCabinet_e.html | title=THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN | access-date=2010-11-08 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119222916/http://azerbaijan.az/_StatePower/_MinistersCabinet/_ministersCabinet_e.html | archive-date=2010-11-19 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
* The city of [[Manteca, California]] was established.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc| title=California Cities by Incorporation Date |format=Word |publisher=California Association of [[Local Agency Formation Commission]]s| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103002921/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc | archive-date=November 3, 2014}}</ref>
* The sports club [[Ottestad IL|Ottestad]] was established in [[Ottestad]], [[Norway]]. It now offers [[association football]], [[handball]], [[cross-country skiing (sport)|cross-country skiing]] and [[cycle sport|cycling]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fotball.no/Community/Klubber/Home/?fiksId=272 | language=no |title=Ottestad IL |work=fotball.no |publisher=[[Football Association of Norway]] |access-date=11 May 2012}}</ref>
* The film romantic comedy ''[[Bound in Morocco]]'', starring [[Douglas Fairbanks]] and directed by Allan Dawn, was released through [[Famous Players–Lasky]], becoming one of the top 10 grossing films of the year and the second hit for Fairbanks.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/B/BoundInMorocco1918.html| title=Bound in Morocco (1918)| publisher=silentera.com| access-date=May 27, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| title=Focus on Film, Issues 1-12| year=1970| publisher=Tantivy Press| page=28}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Johnny Wayne]], Canadian comedian, member of the popular comedic duo [[Wayne and Shuster]], in [[Toronto]] (d. [[1990]]); [[John Birch (missionary)|John Birch]], American army officer and missionary, recipient of the [[Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)|U.S. Army Distinguished Service Medal]] and two-time recipient of the [[Legion of Merit]], namesake for the [[John Birch Society]], in [[Landour]], [[British Raj|British India]] (d. [[1945]], killed in action); [[John McKeithen]], American politician, 49th [[List of governors of Louisiana|Governor of Louisiana]], in [[Grayson, Louisiana]] (d. [[1999]])

== [[May 29]], 1918 (Wednesday) ==
* [[Battle of Abaran]] &ndash; After two days of counterattacks, the Armenians inflicted enough heavy casualties on the Ottoman Army to force them back  towards [[Spitak|Hamamlu]], [[Armenia]].<ref>Murgul 2007, p. 55</ref>
* [[Battle of Skra-di-Legen]] &ndash; Greek forces supported by the French bombarded fortified Bulgarian positions at [[Skra, Kilkis|Skra]], [[Greece]].<ref>Grigorios Dafnis, ''Sofoklis Eleftheriou Venizelos'' (Athens: Ikaros, 1970) pp. 44–47</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Bert Corona]], Mexican-American labor activist, leading member of the [[Congress of Industrial Organizations]] and the [[Chicano Movement]] in the 1960s (d. [[2001]])

== [[May 30]], 1918 (Thursday) ==
* The [[Kuban Soviet Republic]] and [[Black Sea Soviet Republic]] merged into one [[Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic|Soviet republic]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Азаренкова |first=А. С. |author2=И. Ю. Бондарь |author3=Н. С. Вертышева |title=Основные административно-территориальные преобразования на Кубани (1793–1985&nbsp;гг.) |orig-year=1986 |year=1986 |publisher=Краснодарское книжное издательство |language=ru |page=394}}</ref>
* [[Third Battle of the Aisne]] &ndash; German forces advanced on [[Paris]], capturing 50,000 Allied soldiers and over 800 guns.<ref>Hart 2008, p. 283</ref>
* [[Battle of Skra-di-Legen]] &ndash; Greek forces captured the Bulgarian fort at [[Skra, Kilkis|Skra]], [[Greece]], taking 2,045 prisoners and inflicting 600 casualties. [[Allies of World War I|Allied]] casualties were 441 killed, 2,227 wounded and 164 missing.<ref>Grigorios Dafnis, ''Sofoklis Eleftheriou Venizelos'' (Athens: Ikaros, 1970) pp. 44–47</ref>
* Birmingham College in [[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham]] and Southern University in [[Greensboro, Alabama]] merged to become [[Birmingham–Southern College]].<ref>{{cite web| title=History and Tradition| url=https://www.bsc.edu/about/tradition.html| website=BSC.edu| publisher=Birmingham-Southern College| access-date=4 December 2017}}</ref>
* The [[American Expeditionary Forces]] set up a second set of military hospitals in [[Châtel-Guyon]], [[France]], with [[American Base Hospital No. 20|Hospital No. 20]] serving up to 2,000 wounded American soldiers.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Philadelphia War History Committee|title=Philadelphia in the war, 1914-1919|date=1922|publisher=Wynkoop Hallenbeck Crawford Co.|location=New York|url=https://archive.org/details/philadelphiainwo00philrich|pages=[https://archive.org/details/philadelphiainwo00philrich/page/206 206]–207}}</ref>
* The movie house [[Rialto Theater (Omaha, Nebraska)|Rialto Theater]] opened to the public in [[Omaha, Nebraska]].<ref>{{cite book| last=Jeffrey S. Spencer [writer and researcher]| first=Kristine Gerber [project director]| title=Building for the ages : Omaha's architectural landmarks| year=2003| publisher=Omaha Books| location=Omaha, Neb.| isbn=0-9745410-1-X| edition=1st}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Martin Lundström]], Swedish Olympic cross-country skier, two-time gold medalist at the [[1948 Winter Olympics]] and bronze medalist at  the [[1952 Winter Olympics]], in Tvärliden, [[Sweden]] (d. [[2016]])
* '''Died:''' [[Georgi Plekhanov]], Russian philosopher, one of the first philosophers to adopt [[Marxism]] (b. [[1856]])

== [[May 31]], 1918 (Friday) ==
* [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] [[troopship]] {{USS|President Lincoln|1907|6}} was torpedoed and sunk in the [[Atlantic Ocean]] by German submarine {{SMU|U-90||6}} with the loss of 26 of the 715 people on board. Survivors were rescued by fellow [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] ships {{USS|Smith|DD-17|6}} and {{USS|Warrington|DD-30|6}}.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Foote|first=P.W.|title=Narrative of the "President Lincoln" |journal=[[Proceedings (magazine)|Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute]] |date=July 1922 |volume=48| issue=7 |page=1086 |url=https://archive.org/stream/proceedingsofuni192248712unit#page/n9/mode/2up}}</ref>
* [[Royal Navy]] destroyer {{HMS|Fairy|1897|6}} rammed and sunk German submarine {{SMU|UC-75||6}} in the [[North Sea]] but foundered herself and had to be abandoned.<ref>{{cite Uboat.net|name=UC 75|id=UC+75|type=1sub}}</ref>
* Czech nationalist leader [[Tomáš Masaryk]] led the signing of an [[Pittsburgh Agreement|agreement between Czech and Slovak expats in Pittsburgh]] to unite as one [[Czechoslovakia|nation]].<ref>Votruba M.  [http://www.pitt.edu/~votruba/qsonhist/pittsburghagreement.html "Pittsburgh Agreement"] University of Pittsburgh, Slovak Studies Program. Accessed 28 October 2013</ref>
* [[Lieutenant general (Australia)|Lieutenant General]] [[John Monash]] took command of the [[Australian Corps]], the largest corps on the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Perry |first=Roland |title=Monash: The Outsider Who Won A War |author-link=Roland Perry | location=Milsons Point, New South Wales |publisher=[[Random House]] |year=2004 |isbn=1-74051-364-9 |page=xiii}}</ref>
* American pilot [[Douglas Campbell (aviator)|Douglas Campbell]] scored his fifth victory, becoming the first ace from an American-trained unit.<ref>{{cite book| last1=Franks| first1=Norman| title=Nieuport Aces of World War 1| url=https://archive.org/details/nieuportacesworl01fran| url-access=limited| date=2000| publisher=Osprey Publishing| isbn=978-1-85532-961-4| page=[https://archive.org/details/nieuportacesworl01fran/page/n72 72]}}</ref>
* The football club [[FC Hebar Pazardzhik|Hebar Pazardzhik]] was established in [[Pazardzhik]], [[Bulgaria]].<ref>{{cite web| title=History-The Beginning| url=http://hebarfc.com/%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F/|website=Hebar FC|publisher=Football Club Hebar| access-date=21 December 2017| language=bg}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Vilho Ylönen]], Finnish shooter, silver medalist at the [[1952 Summer Olympics]] and bronze medalist at the [[1956 Summer Olympics]], in [[Hankasalmi]], [[Finland]] (d. [[2000]])

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Events by month links}}

[[Category:May|1918]]
[[Category:1918|*1918-05]]
[[Category:Months in the 1910s|*1918-05]]