View source for French submarine Bernoulli

{{Short description|Brumaire-class submarine}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=Bernoulli-Marius Bar-img 3161.jpg
|Ship caption=
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=France
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|France|naval}}
|Ship name=''Bernoulli''
|Ship namesake=[[Daniel Bernoulli]]{{efn|name=name|Though the French Navy named this submarine for members of the [[Bernoulli family]], it seems they did not use the same spelling; according to the sources here the boat's name is ''Bernouilli''.}}
|Ship ordered=29 October 1906
|Ship builder=Arsenal de [[Toulon]]
|Ship laid down=1 November 1906 
|Ship launched=1 June 1911
|Ship commissioned=29 October 1912
|Ship fate=Sunk in action 13 February 1918
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=(as built)
|Ship class={{sclass|Brumaire|submarine}}
|Ship displacement=*{{Convert|397|t|LT|0|abbr=on}} (surfaced)
* {{Convert|551|t|LT|0|abbr=on}} (submerged)
|Ship length={{convert|52.15|m|ftin|abbr=on}} ([[o/a]])
|Ship beam={{convert|5.42|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draft={{convert|3.19|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship power=*{{convert|840|PS|kW bhp|lk=on|abbr=on}}  (diesels)
* {{convert|660|PS|kW bhp|abbr=on}}  (electric motors)
|Ship propulsion=*2 × shafts; 2 × [[diesel engine]]s
* 2 × [[electric motor]]s
|Ship speed=*{{convert|13|kn|lk=in}} (surfaced)
* {{convert|8.8|kn}} (submerged)
|Ship range=*{{convert|1700|nmi|abbr=on|lk=in}} at {{convert|10|kn}} (surfaced)
* {{convert|84|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|5|kn}} (submerged)
|Ship test depth={{convert|40|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship complement=2 officers and 27 crewmen
|Ship armament=* 1 × {{convert|450|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} bow [[torpedo tube]]
*1 × twin 450&nbsp;mm [[Drzewiecki drop collar]]
*2 × single 450&nbsp;mm Drzewiecki drop collars
*2× single external 450&nbsp;mm torpedo launchers
}}
|}

'''French submarine ''Bernoulli'' (Q83)'''{{efn|name=name}} was a [[Maxime Laubeuf|Laubeuf]] type [[List of submarines of France|submarine]]<ref name=Jane>Jane p199</ref> of the [[Brumaire-class submarine|''Brumaire'' class]], built for the [[French Navy]] prior to [[World War I]].<ref name=Conway>Conway p209-10</ref>

==Design and construction== 
''Bernoulli'' was ordered by the French Navy as part of its 1906 programme and was laid down at the [[Arsenal de Toulon]] in November of that year. Work progressed slowly, and she was not launched until 1 June 1911. She was commissioned on 29 October 1912. 
She was equipped with licence-built [[M.A.N.]] diesel engines for surface propulsion, and electric motors for power while submerged. She carried eight torpedoes, two internally and six externally.<ref name=Conway/>
''Bernoulli'' was named for [[Daniel Bernoulli]], the 18th century Swiss mathematician,<ref name=Castel>Castel</ref> and other members of the [[Bernoulli family]].{{efn|name=name}}

==Service history==
On 30 November 1914, under the command of Lt. Defforges, ''Bernoulli'' attempted to penetrate the harbour at [[Cattaro]]. She was detected and forced to retire. 
On 28 April 1915 ''Bernoulli'' made another attempt on Cattaro. On this occasion she gained entrance, but found no targets and again had to retire. 
On 4 May 1916, now under the command of Lt. [[Rene Audry]], ''Bernoulli'' sighted the Austrian destroyer [[SMS Csepel]]. She closed and attacked, scoring a torpedo hit on ''Csepel’s'' stern. ''Czepel'' was badly damaged, and thought to have sunk, but in fact gained port.<ref name=Castel/>  
On 15 May 1917, during the aftermath of the battle [[Battle of the Strait of Otranto (1917)|at the Otranto Barrage]], ''Bernoulli'' encountered a group of Austrian destroyers running for home, and fired on [[SMS Balaton (1912)|''Balaton'']]. However this attack was unsuccessful and ''Balaton'' escaped.<ref name=Halpern>Halpern p165</ref> 
On 27 October 1917 ''Bernoulli'' sighted the German U-boat [[SM UC-38|''UC 38'']]. She closed and attacked but was unable to score a hit; ''UC 38'' escaped without damage.
''Bernoulli’s'' final patrol was in February 1918, on close blockade duty off Cattaro. She was not heard from after 13 February 1918 and is believed to have struck a mine off Cattaro and sunk. All 23 of her crew were lost.<ref name=Conway/><ref name=Sieche>Sieche</ref> Her commander, Rene Audry, was honoured by having [[French submarine René Audry (E10)|a submarine named after him]].<ref name=Castel/>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|last=Couhat|first=Jean Labayle|title=French Warships of World War I|year=1974|publisher=Ian Allan|location=London|isbn=0-7110-0445-5}}
*{{cite book|last1=Gardiner|first1=Robert|last2=Gray|first2=Randal|title=Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921|year=1985|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=London|isbn=0-85177-245-5|name-list-style=amp}}
*{{cite book|last=Garier|first=Gérard|title=A l'épreuve de la Grande Guerre|series=L'odyssée technique et humaine du sous-marin en France|volume=3–2|year=2002|publisher=Marines édition|location=Bourg-en-Bresse, France|isbn=2-909675-81-5|language=French}}
*{{cite book|last=Garier|first=Gérard|title=Des ''Émeraude'' (1905-1906) au ''Charles Brun'' (1908–1933)|series=L'odyssée technique et humaine du sous-marin en France|volume=2|year=1998|publisher=Marines édition|location=Bourg-en-Bresse, France|isbn=2-909675-34-3|language=French}}
* Halpern, P: ''A Naval History of World War I'' (1994) {{ISBN|1 85728 295 7}}
* Moore, J: ''Jane’s Fighting Ships of World War I'' (1919, reprinted 2003) {{ISBN|1 85170 378 0}}
* {{cite book |first=Jean-Michel |last=Roche |year=2005 |chapter=Classement par types |title=Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours 2, 1870 - 2006 |isbn=978-2-9525917-0-6 |oclc=165892922 |publisher=Roche |location=Toulon}}

==External links==
* [http://sous-marin.france.pagesperso-orange.fr/Q083.htm Castel, Marc: ''Bernoulli'' at Sous-marins Français 1863 - pagesperso-orange.fr] ('''French''')
* [http://www.gwpda.org/naval/fadri.htm Sieche, Erwin: French naval operations in the Adriatic at gwpda.org]

{{Brumaire class submarines}}
{{February 1918 shipwrecks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bernoulli}}
[[Category:1911 ships]]
[[Category:Brumaire-class submarines]]
[[Category:Lost submarines of France]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1918]]
[[Category:Submarines lost with all hands]]
[[Category:World War I shipwrecks in the Adriatic Sea]]
[[Category:Missing submarines]]
[[Category:Ships built in France]]
[[Category:World War I submarines of France]]