View source for Don Isidro (1939)

{{Short description|Motor ship of the Philippines}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
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|Ship image=          [[Image:Filipino passenger motor vessel Don Isidro.jpg|300px]]
|Ship caption=''Don Isidro'' 24 December 1941 (Australian War Memorial, Naval Historical Collection)
}}
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| Ship country=Philippines
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| Ship name=''Don Isidro'' 
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| Ship owner=[[De La Rama Steamship Company]] 
| Ship operator=De La Rama Steamship Company
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| Ship builder=Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft A. G., Kiel, Germany
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| Ship launched=1939
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| Ship fate=Attacked by Japanese aircraft en route to bomb Darwin on 19 February 1942, beached burning, lost.
| Ship notes=Under U.S. Army time/voyage charter December 1941 until loss 19 February 1942.{{sfn|Grover|1987|p=35}}
}}
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| Ship tonnage={{GRT|3261}}{{sfn|Grover|1987|p=35}}

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| Ship length={{convert|320.9|ft|m|abbr=on}}{{sfn|Lloyds|1942–1943|p=}}
| Ship beam={{convert|46|ft|m|abbr=on}}{{sfn|Lloyds|1942–1943|p=}}
| Ship height={{convert|177|ft|m|abbr=on}} upper bridge{{sfn|Lloyds|1942–1943|p=}}
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| Ship propulsion=Two 9 cyl turbocharged diesel{{sfn|Lloyds|1942–1943|p=}}{{sfn|History of BBC / ABB, Baden And of Turbocharging|p=}}{{sfn|Grover|1987|p=35}}
| Ship speed=20 kts{{sfn|History of BBC / ABB, Baden And of Turbocharging||p=}}
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| Ship capacity=408 passengers{{sfn|History of BBC / ABB, Baden And of Turbocharging||p=}}
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'''''Don Isidro''''', delivered in 1939, was the second and larger of two [[Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft|Krupp]] built motor ships of [[De La Rama Steamship Company]], [[Iloilo City|Iloilo]], [[Philippines]] in inter-island service.{{sfn|Lloyds|1942–1943|p=}}{{sfn|Funtecha|2005|p=}} The ship was under charter{{sfn|Grover|1987|p=35}} by the United States Army as a transport during the Japanese invasion of the Philippines. As defending forces became cut off from supply by the Japanese blockade ''Don Isidro'' was one of eight ships, only three of which were successful, known to make an attempt to run the blockade.{{sfn| Masterson | 1949 |p=27}} In that attempt, under her captain Rafael J. Cisneros, ''Don Isidro'' became involved in the [[Bombing of Darwin|19 February Japanese attack on Darwin, Australia]] where, though not in the port, she was strafed, bombed and left off [[Bathurst Island (Northern Territory)|Bathurst Island]] burning with all lifeboats destroyed. The captain attempted to make land when she grounded about three miles off [[Melville Island (Australia)|Melville Island]] to which survivors swam. Of the sixty-seven crew and sixteen soldiers aboard eleven of the crew and one soldier were killed or missing. Survivors were rescued by [[HMAS Warrnambool (J202)|HMAS ''Warrnambool'']], taken to Darwin, treated at the hospital and then awaited orders at the [https://web.archive.org/web/20130504011317/http://www.msk.id.au/memorials2/pages/80048.htm 147th Field Artillery] camp.{{sfn|Cressman|p=February 19, Thu. }}{{sfn|View Shipwreck – ''Don Isidro'' USAT|p=}}

==Before the war==
''Don Isidro'' was constructed 1939 at Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft A. G., Kiel, Germany for the inter-island passenger service of the De La Rama Steamship Company in Philippine waters. She was a diesel motor ship with two nine cylinder turbocharged engines driving two screws for a speed of twenty knots.{{sfn|Grover|1987|p=35}}{{sfn|History of BBC / ABB, Baden And of Turbocharging|p=}}

The day after Great Britain and France declared war on Germany ''Don Isidro'' was the subject of an incident at [[Port Said]] on September 5, 1939, as she cleared the [[Suez Canal]] on her maiden voyage from [[Kiel]] to [[Manila]]. British authorities removed two German engineers sailing with the vessel to provide training and technical support from the ship, provoking a diplomatic protest from the United States "as illegal and a violation of the neutral rights of the United States" on the day after President Roosevelt proclaimed that neutrality. The British explanation was unsatisfactory to the [[Department of State]] but was considered closed "on the assumption that similar instances will not be permitted to occur in the future."{{sfn|Cressman|p=September 4, Mon.}}{{sfn|Cressman|p=April 29, Mon}}

Over the next twenty-six months ''Don Isidro'', along with the smaller and slightly older [[Don Esteban (1936)|''Don Esteban'']] were noted as the luxury vessels of inter-island passenger service.{{sfn|Funtecha|2005|p=}} Then that war caught up again with the 7 December 1941 (Hawaii time) Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the Philippines only hours later on 8 December (Philippine time).<ref group=Note>The time correlations can be seen in this quote from Morton's ''Fall of the Philippines'' on page 79: "The duty officer at Asiatic Fleet headquarters in the Marsman Building in Manila on the night of 7–8 December (Philippine time) was Lt. Col. William T. Clement, USMC. At '''0230 of the 8th''' ('''0800, 7 December''', Pearl Harbor time), the operator at the Navy station intercepted the startling message, 'Air Raid on Pearl Harbor. This is no drill.'".</ref>

==Wartime operations==
Whatever the movements of ''Don Isidro'' between Manila being evacuated and being declared an open city on 23 and 26 December 1941 respectively the ship had come under the [[War Shipping Administration]], allocated to U.S. Army charter on 11 January 1942 at [[Fremantle]], and was in [[Brisbane]], Australia being loaded with rations and ammunition on 22 January 1942 when defenders were ordered to withdraw from the [[Battle of Bataan#Abucay–Mauban Line|Abucay-Mauban]] line to final defense lines in [[Battle of Bataan|Bataan]].{{sfn|Maritime Administration}}{{sfn| Morton | 1993 |pp=296, 393}}{{sfn| Williams | 1960 |p=}} She left Brisbane on a "special mission" at 1.45 p.m.,  27 January 1942 "bound for Corregidor" seeking to supply forces still on Bataan.{{sfn|View Shipwreck – ''Don Isidro'' USAT|p=Message, Master U.S.A.T. ''Don Isidro''}}

The ship's location in Brisbane was no coincidence. Supplies and ships were being sent to the [[Netherlands East Indies]] from Brisbane as the [[Malay Barrier]] concept was still alive and the port had been the first stop for a number of ships diverted to Australia with the invasion of the Philippines. Significant supplies, particularly munitions, were already there or on the way from there to Java which was closest to the besieged forces in the Philippines and small, fast blockade running vessels were presumed to be readily available there. Even the prototype seaplane, the Navy's [[Sikorsky VS-44#XPBS-1 patrol bomber|XPBS-1]], had been sent to Australia and onward to Java with critical aircraft parts and a rush order of torpedo exploders from [[San Diego]]—and on departure from Pearl 30 January [[Patrick J. Hurley|General Patrick Hurley]] with a bag of cash to add to that dispatched already for procurement locally of vital supplies. Ships of the [[Pensacola Convoy|''Pensacola'' convoy]] and [[USS President Polk (AP-103)|SS ''President Polk'']] had been diverted first to Brisbane and then with supplies and munitions intended for the forces in the Philippines to Java. ''Polk'' had arrived there 12 January 1942 with 55 P-40E and 4 C-53 aircraft including 55 pilots, 20 million .30 caliber, 447,000 .50 caliber, 30,000 three inch AA and 5,000 75&nbsp;mm rounds of ammunition along with five carloads of torpedoes, over 615,000 pounds of rations and 178 officers and men in addition to the pilots and herself was heading to Java when ''Don Isidro'' was loading and departing for the same destination.  {{sfn| Stauffer | 1990 |pp=22–24}}{{sfn| Masterson | 1949 |pp=25–27}}{{sfn|Williford|2010|p=257}}{{sfn| MillerCave | 2001 |pp=61–63, 66}}

At Brisbane ''Don Isidro'' was provided defense in the form of a detachment from the 453d Ordnance (Aviation) Bombardment Company of fifteen men under Second Lieutenant Joseph F. Kane, winner of the command by a coin toss. That unit had been embarked aboard the naval transport [[USS Republic (AP-33)|USS ''Republic'' (AP-33)]] in the ''Pensacola'' convoy. The soldiers armed the ship with five .50-caliber heavy machine guns on improvised mounts.{{sfn| Mayo | 1991 |pp=34–35, 37}}

Captain Cisneros, even as [[Coast Farmer (ship)|''Coast Farmer'']] was readying to leave Brisbane on the same mission, took the ship south around Australia to [[Fremantle]] on the west coast for engine repairs, fuel and water before setting out for [[History of Jakarta|Batavia]] for instructions on the run to Corregidor.   Science fiction author [[L. Ron Hubbard]], then Lieutenant in the US Navy, was disciplined for his role in routing the ''Don Isidro'' around the south of Australia, "three thousand miles out of her way".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tonyortega.org/2019/05/09/death-in-the-timor-sea-the-darkest-war-secret-of-scientologys-founder-l-ron-hubbard/|title = Death in the Timor Sea: The darkest war secret of Scientology's founder, L. Ron Hubbard &#124; the Underground Bunker}}</ref>  Arriving there on 9 February 1942 the entire plan was unraveling as Japanese forces took [[Tengah Air Base|Tengah]] airfield and made an additional landing on the island of [[Battle of Singapore|Singapore]] as well as beginning movements toward [[Invasion of Sumatra (1942)|Sumatra]]. Meeting U.S. Navy representatives 10 February, as the situation in Singapore worsened and Japanese were conquering [[Borneo]] and the [[Sulawesi|Celebes]], the plan was changed, with ''Don Isidro'' joining a British escorted convoy later that day in passage through [[Sunda Strait]] to the [[Indian Ocean]]. There the ship separated from the convoy on the 13th and attempted a run south of Java, through the [[Timor Sea]] then through the [[Torres Straits]] and finally through the [[Dampier Strait (Papua New Guinea)|Dampier Strait]] east of [[New Guinea]] for the run through the [[Bismarck Sea]] and Pacific to the Philippines.{{sfn|View Shipwreck – ''Don Isidro'' USAT|p=Message, Master U.S.A.T. ''Don Isidro''}}{{sfn|Gill|1957|pp=564–566}}{{sfn| MillerCave | 2001 |pp=61–63, 66}}

As the ship was making that attempt the Japanese began landing on Sumatra 14 February, Singapore surrendered on the 15th, evacuation of forces from Sumatra to Java was completed, [[Bali]] was taken and Java was isolated on the 17th. Of note for ''Don Isidro's'' fate, the Allied convoy headed to [[Timor]] escorted by the {{USS|Houston|CA-30}} is recalled to [[Darwin, Northern Territory|Darwin]] on the 18th.{{sfn| Williams | 1960 |pp=23–25}}

The run for the Torres Strait was going without incident until an unknown destroyer and freighter were spotted on the 17th headed in the opposite direction and then on 18 February ''Don Isidro'' was attacked twice by a Japanese bomber, though without damage. That attack was decisive in the captain's decision to turn toward the friendly port of Darwin. On the morning of the 19th seven Japanese fighters strafed the ship while she was about 25 miles north of [[Bathurst Island (Northern Territory)|Bathurst Island]]. This attack holed the ship, destroyed all lifeboats and rafts and wounded a number of crew and the army defense detachment. In the early afternoon, at about 1:30 (1330) the ship was again attacked by a single bomber and again escaped bomb damage.{{sfn|View Shipwreck – ''Don Isidro'' USAT|p=Message, Master U.S.A.T. ''Don Isidro''}}

===Loss===
Japanese planes returning to their carriers from the [[Bombing of Darwin|Darwin strike]], where ships of the Timor convoy were then located, spotted ''Don Isidro'', with nine dive bombers, refueled and rearmed from [[Japanese aircraft carrier Sōryū|''Sōryū'']] and [[Japanese aircraft carrier Hiryū|''Hiryū'']], returning with {{convert|250|kg|lb|abbr=on}} for the final attack on the ship.{{sfn| Tagaya | 2013 |p=}}

The result was that shortly after the ineffective single bomber's attack the ship, with no lifeboats or rafts as a result of the earlier fighter attack, was hit, heavily damaged and set in flames. The captain attempted to beach her but was unsuccessful in reaching Bathurst Island as the engines failed with the ship about three miles offshore. The attacks continued and survivors jumped overboard in an attempt to swim to the island, a process that took about ten hours. Those that reached the island arrived in scattered groups, assembled and began searching for others. They found four dead and established that many were missing. In the mid-morning of 20 February H.M.A.S. ''Warrnambool'', having rescued some of the missing crew, picked up the main body of survivors. ''Warrnambool'', with survivors aboard, approached the still burning ''Don Isidro'' searching for the missing Chief Engineer and Chief Electrician who were reported to be still aboard and badly burnt and wounded. The ship's deck was already under water and no survivors were found. The survivors aboard ''Warrnambool'' reached Darwin about midnight where they were treated overnight at a hospital. Then they were billeted at the camp of the 147th Field Artillery awaiting orders.{{sfn|View Shipwreck – ''Don Isidro'' USAT|p=Message, Master U.S.A.T. ''Don Isidro''}}

[[File:Don Isidro beached and abandoned.jpg|thumb|right|''Don Isidro'' beached and abandoned aground near Melville Island.]]

Eleven of the sixty-seven crew had been killed and many wounded.{{sfn| Mayo | 1991 |pp=37–38}}{{sfn|View Shipwreck – ''Don Isidro'' USAT|p=Message, Master U.S.A.T. ''Don Isidro''}}{{sfn|Cressman|p=February 19, Thu.}}

The killed or missing crew members were:{{sfn|View Shipwreck – ''Don Isidro'' USAT|p=}} 
* Marino (Maximo?) Mangan – chief Engineer 
* Loreto Jaime (Jayne?) – 2nd Engineer 
* Mechor Jaruvilla (Melchor Jarobilla?) – 3rd Engineer 
* Antonio Reynes – Extra engineer 
* Federico Montralegra – Chief Electrician 
* Raul Delagado – Machinist 
* Antonio Cordova – Oiler 
* Quirino Sabando – Oiler 
* Alberto Jimena (Jamenen?)- Oiler 
* Agapito Masangkay (Acapito Masankay?) – Pantryman 
* Amado Logno (Longo?)

Eight of the men of the defense detachment were wounded, some severely, and the detachment's commander, Second Lieutenant Kane, died of gangrene in hospital at Darwin. He, posthumously, and the fifteen enlisted men of the detachment received Purple Hearts.{{sfn| Mayo | 1991 |pp=37–38}} A footnote in the Ordinance history pertaining to the detachment reads:

<blockquote>
(1) History of Ord Sec, USASOS, 23 Dec 41- 2 Sep 42. (2) Rad, Melbourne to AGWAR, No. 311, 22 Feb 42, AG 381 (11-27-41) Sec 2C.. (3) Rpt of Ord Activities, USAFIA, Feb–May 42, OHF. (4) Official History of Headquarters USASOS, December 1941 – June 1945 (hereafter cited as History USASOS), pp. 92–93, and chs. Viii-xi. (5) Lieutenant Kane received the Purple Heart posthumously. All of the enlisted men of the 453d Ordnance (Aviation) Bombardment Company aboard the ''Don Isidro'' also received the Purple Heart for manning their guns until they were put out of action, for extinguishing fires caused by the bomb explosions, and for helping the wounded (some despite their own wounds). GO 28, USASOS SWPA, 11 Oct 42, 98-GHQ 1-1.13. These men were among the last to receive the Purple Heart “for a singularly meritorious act of essential service,” according to AR 600-45 of 8 August 1932. Change 4 to AR 600-45, 4 September 1942, restricted the award to those wounded in action against the enemy or as a direct result of enemy action.{{sfn| Mayo | 1991 |p=38, footnote 9}}
</blockquote>

===Context in attempts to relieve the Philippines===
''Don Isidro'' was one of eight Army ships known to make the attempt to run the Japanese blockade of the Philippines from Australia or the Netherlands East Indies during the largely failed attempt to supply forces on Bataan and Corrigedor. There were small blockade runners internal to the islands, a few that made the run into those besieged locations with success. Only three of the attempts from outside the islands were successful, one being ''Don Isidro's'' De La Rama sister [[Dona Nati (1939)|''Dona Nati'']]. The others were [[Coast Farmer (ship)|''Coast Farmer'']], making [[Gingoog|Anakan]] in northern Mindanao 17 February, and the Chinese ship ''Anhui'' that made [[Cebu City]] in march. The Navy managed to make some deliveries and evacuations by submarine.{{sfn| Masterson | 1949 |p=27}}{{sfn| Whitman}}

== Wreck ==
{{coord|11|42.3|S|130|02|E|display=title}}<ref>[https://dmzapp17p.ris.environment.gov.au/shipwreck/public/wreck/wreck.do?key=3424 Don Isidro USAT]{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, environment.gov.au, accessed 12 March 2014</ref>
The remains of the ''Don Isidro'' are protected under the Commonwealth ''Historic Shipwrecks Act 1976''.<ref>[http://www.environment.gov.au/minister/hunt/2014/mr20140219.html WWII Darwin Bombing Shipwreck Protected], media release, [www.environment.gov.au], 19 February 2014, accessed 12 March 2014</ref> Two relics are in the [[Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory]]. One is presumed to be a [https://apps5a.ris.environment.gov.au/shipwreck/public/wreck/file.do;jsessionid=37497575AB67A73C9AD1EB2CF67BE955?key=931 silver salt dish]{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} and the other [https://apps5a.ris.environment.gov.au/shipwreck/public/wreck/file.do;jsessionid=37497575AB67A73C9AD1EB2CF67BE955?key=932 a platter]{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.{{sfn|View Shipwreck – ''Don Isidro'' USAT|p=}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=Note}}

== References ==
{{reflist |2}}

==References cited==
{{refbegin|2}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.swiss-ships.ch/berichte-buecher/berichte/ABB_Turbo_Systems/ABB_Turbo_Systems_en.htm |title=History of BBC / ABB, Baden And of Turbocharging |publisher=Schweizer See- & Rheinschifffahrt |access-date=14 May 2013 |archive-date=4 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204085704/http://www.swiss-ships.ch/berichte-buecher/berichte/ABB_Turbo_Systems/ABB_Turbo_Systems_en.htm |url-status=dead }}
*{{cite web |ref={{sfnRef|View Shipwreck – ''Don Isidro'' USAT}} |url=https://apps5a.ris.environment.gov.au/shipwreck/public/wreck/wreck.do?key=3424 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227093153/https://apps5a.ris.environment.gov.au/shipwreck/public/wreck/wreck.do?key=3424 |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 December 2013 |title=View Shipwreck – ''Don Isidro'' USAT |work=Australian National Shipwreck Database |publisher=Australian Government, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities |access-date=14 May 2013 }}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/USN-Chron/index.html |title=The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in World War II |last=Cressman |first=Robert J. |publisher=Contemporary History Branch, Naval Historical Center (now Naval History & Heritage Command) |access-date=14 May 2013 }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Funtecha |first1=Henry, Prof. |year=2005 |title=The final trip of M.V. ''Don Isidro'' |journal=The News Today |issue=28 January 2005 |url=http://www.thenewstoday.info/2005/01/28/column4.htm |access-date=14 May 2013 }}
* {{cite book |last=Gill |first=George Hermon |author-link=G. Hermon Gill |title=Royal Australian Navy, 1939–1942 |year=1957 |url=https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG1070207/ |series=[[Australia in the War of 1939–1945]], Series 2, Volume I |publisher=Australian War Memorial |location=Canberra |oclc=848228 }}
*{{cite book |last= Grover |first= David |title= U.S. Army Ships and Watercraft of World War II |publisher= [[Naval Institute Press]] |year= 1987 |isbn= 0-87021-766-6}}
* {{Cite web|ref={{sfnRef|History of BBC / ABB, Baden And of Turbocharging}}|date=2017-02-04|title=ABB-Turbosystems_en|url=http://www.swiss-ships.ch/berichte-buecher/berichte/ABB_Turbo_Systems/ABB_Turbo_Systems_en.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204085704/http://www.swiss-ships.ch/berichte-buecher/berichte/ABB_Turbo_Systems/ABB_Turbo_Systems_en.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2017-02-04|access-date=2022-02-07}}
*{{cite book |title=Lloyd's Register |last=Lloyds |year=1942–1943 |publisher=Lloyd's Register |url=http://www.plimsollshipdata.org/pdffile.php?name=42b0239.pdf |access-date=14 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808035549/http://www.plimsollshipdata.org/pdffile.php?name=42b0239.pdf |archive-date=8 August 2014 |url-status=dead }}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.marad.dot.gov/sh/ShipHistory/Detail/7628 |title=''Don Isidro'' |author=Maritime Administration |work=Ship History Database Vessel Status Card |publisher=Maritime Administration |access-date=2 April 2014 }}
*{{cite book |title=U. S. Army Transportation In The Southwest Pacific Area 1941–1947  |last=Masterson |first=Dr. James R. |year=1949 |publisher=Transportation Unit, Historical Division, Special Staff, U. S. Army |location=Washington, D. C. }}
*{{cite book |last1=Mayo |first1=Lida |year=1991 |title=The Technical Services—The Ordnance Department: On Beachhead And Battlefront |series=United States Army In World War II |location=Washington, DC |publisher=Center Of Military History, United States Army |lccn=79014631 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Miller |first1=Norman M |last2=Cave |first2=Hugh B. |title=I Took The Sky Road |year=2001 <!-- [reissue of Dodd, Mead & Company's 1945 book] --> |publisher=Wildside Press |location=Gillette, New Jersey |isbn=9781587154300 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vGW1-TjuPKcC }}
*{{cite book | last=Morton |first=Lewis |year=1993 |title=The War in the Pacific: The Fall Of The Philippines |series=United States Army In World War II  |publisher=Center Of Military History, United States Army |location=Washington, D.C. |lccn=53-63678 }}
*{{cite book |last=Stauffer |first=Alvin P. |year=1990 |title=The Quartermaster Corps: Operations In The War Against Japan  |series=United States Army In World War II |publisher=Center Of Military History, United States Army |location=Washington, D. C. |lccn= 56-60001   }}
*{{cite book |title=Aichi 99 Kanbaku 'Val' Units: 1937-42 |last=Tagaya |first=Osamu |year=2013 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=9781780960746 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sFd5rIGe46wC }}
*{{cite book |title=Racing the Sunrise—Reinforcing America's Pacific Outposts 1941–1942 |last=Williford |first=Glen |year=2010 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, Maryland |isbn=978-1-59114-956-9 |lccn=2010030455 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Mary H. |year=1960 |title=Chronology 1941–1945  |series=United States Army In World War II |location=Washington, DC |publisher=Center Of Military History, United States Army |lccn=59-60002 }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/n87/usw/issue_15/subs_corregidor.html |title=Submarines to Corregidor |first=Edward C. |last=Whitman |work=Undersea Warfare |access-date=18 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815145836/http://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/n87/usw/issue_15/subs_corregidor.html |archive-date=15 August 2009 }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* [https://archive.today/20130630205048/https://apps5a.ris.environment.gov.au/shipwreck/public/wreck/wreck.do;jsessionid=37497575AB67A73C9AD1EB2CF67BE955?key=3424&action=expandAll View Shipwreck – Don Isidro USAT (Australian National Shipwreck Database)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170204085704/http://www.swiss-ships.ch/berichte-buecher/berichte/ABB_Turbo_Systems/ABB_Turbo_Systems_en.htm History of BBC / ABB, Baden And of Turbocharging (Photos of ''Don Isidro'' and her engine room.)]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=vGW1-TjuPKcC ''I Took The Sky Road''] recent reissue by Wildside Press, June 2001.

{{February 1942 shipwrecks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Don Isidro)}}
[[Category:1939 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in Kiel]]
[[Category:Passenger ships of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Merchant ships of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Ships sunk in the bombing of Darwin, 1942]]
[[Category:South West Pacific theatre of World War II]]
[[Category:Transport ships of the United States Army]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks of the Northern Territory]]
[[Category:Merchant ships sunk by aircraft]]