View source for Classical World Chess Championship 1995

{{Short description|1995 chess match}}
{{Infobox chess match
|comp1 = Garry Kasparov
|comp2 = Viswanathan Anand
|image1 = [[File:Kasparov-26.jpg|center|Garry Kasparov|140px]]
|image2 = [[File:Viswanathan_Anand_1992_Manila.jpg|center|Viswanathan Anand|140px]]
|title1 = Defending champion
|title2 = <br />Challenger
|flag1 = RUS
|flag2 = IND
|dob1 = 13 April 1963
|age1 = 32 years old
|dob2 = 11 December 1969
|age2 = 25 years old
|qual1 = Winner of the [[World Chess Championship 1993|1993 PCA World Chess Championship]]
|qual2 = Winner of the [[#1994–95 Candidates Tournament|1994-95 Candidates Tournament]]
|elo1 = 2805 
|elo2 = 2715 
|rank1 = 1
|rank2 = 4
|prev = 1993
|prev_link = World Chess Championship 1993
|next = 2000
|next_link = Classical World Chess Championship 2000
|score1 = 10½
|score2 = 7½
}}
The '''Classical World Chess Championship 1995''', known at the time as the '''PCA World Chess Championship 1995''',<ref>The name "Classical" was not used at the time, but is the name generally used for the title since it was coined for the [[Classical World Chess Championship 2004]].</ref> was held from September 10, 1995, to October 16, 1995, on the 107th floor of the South Tower of the [[World Trade Center (1973-2001)|World Trade Center]] in [[New York City]]. [[Garry Kasparov]], the defending champion, played [[Viswanathan Anand]], the challenger, in a twenty-game match. Kasparov won the match after eighteen games with four wins, one loss, and thirteen [[draw (chess)|draws]].

==Background==

In 1993, the reigning [[FIDE]] World Chess Champion, Garry Kasparov decided to split from FIDE because he felt the organisation was corrupt, and formed a rival organisation, the PCA ([[Professional Chess Association]]). In response, FIDE stripped Kasparov of his status and organised [[World Chess Championship 1993|an event]] to determine a new champion — this event was won by [[Anatoly Karpov]].

Kasparov claimed that, as he had not been defeated by a challenger to his title in a match, and in fact had defeated the rightful challenger ([[Nigel Short]] in 1993), that he was still the reigning world champion. Thus, for the first time since the inaugural World Championship in 1886, there were two rival [[World Chess Championship]]s.

The PCA ran a world championship cycle similar in format to that in use by FIDE at the time. It was to be the only full championship cycle run under the auspices of the PCA.

==1993 Qualifying tournament==
The PCA held a qualifying tournament and [[Candidates Tournament|Candidates matches]] in 1993–1995. A number of leading players did not participate, most notably FIDE World Champion [[Anatoly Karpov]]. The events were held at a similar time as the [[FIDE World Chess Championship 1996]], with many of the same players playing in both.

The Qualifying tournament in [[Groningen]] in December 1993 had 54 players participating in an 11-round [[Swiss system tournament]], with the top seven qualifying for the Candidates Tournament.<ref>[http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/9496piix.htm 1993 Groningen PCA Qualifying Tournament], Mark Weeks' Chess Pages</ref>

:{| class="wikitable"
|+ 1993 PCA Qualifying Tournament
|-
!  !! !! Rating !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 11 !! Total
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
| 1 || align=left|{{flagathlete|'''[[Michael Adams (chess player)|Michael Adams]]'''|England}} || '''2635''' || =33 || +39 || +45 || =23 || -5 || +7 || =4 || +11 || =2 || +6 || =3 || '''7½'''
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
| 2 || align=left|{{flagathlete|'''[[Viswanathan Anand]]'''|India}} || '''2725''' || +52 || =5 || =7 || +30 || +22 || +20 || =8 || =6 || =1 || =3 || =4 || '''7½'''
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
| 3 || align=left|{{flagathlete|'''[[Gata Kamsky]]'''|United States}} || '''2645''' || =13 || =30 || =33 || +19 || +17 || =4 || =5 || =16 || +23 || =2 || =1 || '''7'''
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
| 4 || align=left|{{flagathlete|'''[[Vladimir Kramnik]]'''|Russia|1991}} || '''2710''' || +40 || =20 || -22 || +35 || +25 || =3 || =1 || =8 || +24 || =9 || =2 || '''7'''
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
| 5 || align=left|{{flagathlete|'''[[Sergei Tiviakov]]'''|Russia|1991}} || '''2635''' || +41 || =2 || =34 || +29 || +1 || =22 || =3 || =20 || -6 || +25 || =8 || '''7'''
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
| 6 || align=left|{{flagathlete|'''[[Boris Gulko]]'''|United States}} || '''2635''' || =29 || =37 || +49 || =20 || +10 || =8 || +22 || =2 || +5 || -1 || =11 || '''7'''
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
| 7 || align=left|{{flagathlete|'''[[Oleg Romanishin]]'''|Ukraine}} || '''2615''' || +53 || =24 || =2 || =25 || =9 || -1 || +28 || =10 || =26 || +22 || +20 || '''7'''
|-
| 8 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Alexei Shirov]]|Latvia}} || 2685 || +11 || +36 || =23 || -22 || +32 || =6 || =2 || =4 || =12 || =16 || =5 || 6½
|-
| 9 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Sergey Dolmatov]]|Russia|1991}} || 2630 || =18 || =33 || =13 || +12 || =7 || =23 || =27 || =21 || +42 || =4 || =16 || 6½
|-
| 10 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Eric Lobron]]|Germany}} || 2575 || =19 || =38 || =11 || +36 || -6 || +17 || =44 || =7 || =15 || =14 || +25 || 6½
|-
| 11 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Ivan Sokolov (chess player)|Ivan Sokolov]]|Bosnia and Herzegovina|1992}} || 2610 || -8 || =28 || =10 || +41 || +37 || =24 || =31 || -1 || +44 || +26 || =6 || 6½
|-
| 12 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Jeroen Piket]]|Netherlands}} || 2590 || +25 || -22 || =35 || -9 || +47 || +15 || =24 || +34 || =8 || =20 || =18 || 6½
|-
| 13 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Robert Hübner]]|Germany}} || 2605 || =3 || =34 || =9 || =38 || =15 || =25 || =32 || +29 || =14 || =24 || +22 || 6½
|-
| 14 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Julio Granda]]|Peru}} || 2605 || =21 || -45 || =39 || +18 || =30 || =44 || +36 || =27 || =13 || =10 || +23 || 6½
|-
| 15 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Rafael Vaganian]]|Armenia}} || 2615 || =54 || =26 || =21 || =44 || =13 || -12 || +17 || +30 || =10 || =23 || +42 || 6½
|-
| 16 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Predrag Nikolić]]|Bosnia and Herzegovina|1992}} || 2625 || +48 || -23 || +51 || =24 || +34 || =31 || =20 || =3 || =22 || =8 || =9 || 6½
|-
| 17 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Judit Polgár]]|Hungary}} || 2630 || =37 || =29 || +41 || =32 || -3 || -10 || -15 || +51 || +46 || +31 || +27 || 6½
|-
| 18 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Lembit Oll]]|Estonia}} || 2595 || =9 || =35 || -25 || -14 || =53 || =45 || +52 || +36 || +38 || +21 || =12 || 6½
|-
| 19 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Jaan Ehlvest]]|Estonia}} || 2620 || =10 || =51 || =37 || -3 || +48 || -29 || +35 || -26 || +41 || +32 || +24 || 6½
|-
| 20 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Joel Benjamin]]|United States}} || 2620 || +50 || =4 || +31 || =6 || +23 || -2 || =16 || =5 || =21 || =12 || -7 || 6
|-
| 21 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Veselin Topalov]]|Bulgaria}} || 2670 || =14 || =49 || =15 || =40 || =29 || =27 || +46 || =9 || =20 || -18 || +33 || 6
|-
| 22 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Alexander Beliavsky]]|Ukraine}} || 2635 || +42 || +12 || +4 || +8 || -2 || =5 || -6 || =23 || =16 || -7 || -13 || 5½
|-
| 23 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Evgeny Bareev]]|Russia|1991}} || 2660 || +46 || +16 || =8 || =1 || -20 || =9 || +29 || =22 || -3 || =15 || -14 || 5½
|-
| 24 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Gregory Kaidanov]]|United States}} || 2640 || +43 || =7 || =30 || =16 || =27 || =11 || =12 || +31 || -4 || =13 || -19 || 5½
|-
| 25 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Julian Hodgson]]|England}} || 2625 || -12 || +54 || +18 || =7 || -4 || =13 || =30 || +39 || +27 || -5 || -10 || 5½
|-
| 26 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Boris Alterman]]|Israel}} || 2585 || =35 || =15 || -32 || +47 || =40 || -28 || +37 || +19 || =7 || -11 || =31 || 5½
|-
| 27 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Alexey Vyzmanavin]]|Russia|1991}} || 2605 || =31 || =44 || =36 || +45 || =24 || =21 || =9 || =14 || -25 || +34 || -17 || 5½
|-
| 28 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Ljubomir Ljubojević]]|Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|code=Yugoslavia}} || 2595 || -36 || =11 || =46 || +43 || -31 || +26 || -7 || -38 || =49 || +48 || +44 || 5½
|-
| 29 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Leonid Yudasin]]|Israel}} || 2605 || =6 || =17 || +38 || -5 || =21 || +19 || -23 || -13 || =39 || =36 || =43 || 5
|-
| 30 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Gregory Serper]]|Uzbekistan}} || 2575 || +32 || =3 || =24 || -2 || =14 || =40 || =25 || -15 || -35 || +45 || =34 || 5
|-
| 31 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Ilya Smirin]]|Israel}} || 2640 || =27 || +47 || -20 || =37 || +28 || =16 || =11 || -24 || =32 || -17 || =26 || 5
|-
| 32 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Alexander Chernin]]|Hungary}} || 2615 || -30 || +42 || +26 || =17 || -8 || =39 || =13 || =44 || =31 || -19 || =38 || 5
|-
| 33 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Vladimir Tukmakov]]|Ukraine}} || 2600 || =1 || =9 || =3 || -34 || =38 || =35 || =49 || =41 || =40 || +46 || -21 || 5
|-
| 34 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Vladimir Malaniuk]]|Ukraine}} || 2635 || =39 || =13 || =5 || +33 || -16 || =46 || =42 || -12 || +48 || -27 || =30 || 5
|-
| 35 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Viktor Korchnoi]]|Switzerland}} || 2625 || =26 || =18 || =12 || -4 || =54 || =33 || -19 || =43 || +30 || =39 || =37 || 5
|-
| 36 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Zurab Azmaiparashvili]]|Georgia|1990}} || 2630 || +28 || -8 || =27 || -10 || +51 || =42 || -14 || -18 || +50 || =29 || =40 || 5
|-
| 37 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Curt Hansen (chess player)|Curt Hansen]]|Denmark}} || 2590 || =17 || =6 || =19 || =31 || -11 || =38 || -26 || =49 || =47 || +52 || =35 || 5
|-
| 38 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Miguel Illescas]]|Spain}} || 2625 || =51 || =10 || -21 || =13 || =33 || =37 || =41 || +28 || -18 || =40 || =32 || 5
|-
| 39 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Vladimir Akopian]]|Armenia}} || 2600 || =34 || -1 || =14 || +52 || =44 || =32 || =40 || -25 || =29 || =35 || =41 || 5
|-
| 40 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Zoltán Ribli]]|Hungary}} || 2610 || -4 || +50 || =44 || =21 || =26 || =30 || =39 || -42 || =33 || =38 || =36 || 5
|-
| 41 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Eduardas Rozentalis]]|Lithuania|1988}} || 2600 || -5 || +52 || -17 || -11 || =43 || +54 || =38 || =33 || -19 || +53 || =39 || 5
|-
| 42 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Alex Yermolinsky]]|United States}} || 2605 || -22 || -32 || +50 || =48 || +45 || =36 || =34 || +40 || -9 || =44 || -15 || 5
|-
| 43 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Lev Polugaevsky]]|Russia|1991}} || 2605 || -24 || =53 || =48 || -28 || =41 || =50 || =51 || =35 || =45 || +49 || =29 || 5
|-
| 44 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Alexander Khalifman]]|Russia|1991}} || 2645 || =47 || =27 || =40 || =15 || =39 || =14 || =10 || =32 || -11 || =42 || -28 || 4½
|-
| 45 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Kiril Georgiev]]|Bulgaria}} || 2660 || =49 || +14 || -1 || -27 || -42 || =18 || =53 || =48 || =33 || -30 || +54 || 4½
|-
| 46 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Mikhail Gurevich (chess player)|Mikhail Gurevich]]|Belgium}} || 2605 || -23 || =48 || =28 || =51 || +49 || =34 || -21 || +50 || -17 || -33 || =47 || 4½
|-
| 47 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Christopher Lutz]]|Germany}} || 2605 || =44 || -31 || =54 || -26 || -12 || +53 || -48 || +52 || =37 || =50 || =46 || 4½
|-
| 48 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Loek van Wely]]|Netherlands}} || 2585 || -16 || =46 || =43 || =42 || -19 || =49 || +47 || =45 || -34 || -28 || =53 || 4
|-
| 49 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Jóhann Hjartarson]]|Iceland}} || 2605 || =45 || =21 || -6 || =54 || -46 || =48 || =33 || =37 || =28 || -43 || =52 || 4
|-
| 50 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Patrick Wolff]]|United States}} || 2585 || -20 || -40 || -42 || +53 || =52 || =43 || +54 || -46 || -36 || =47 || =51 || 4
|-
| 51 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Vadim Ruban]]|Russia|1991}} || 2590 || =38 || =19 || -16 || =46 || -36 || =52 || =43 || -17 || -53 || =54 || =50 || 3½
|-
| 52 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Simen Agdestein]]|Norway}} || 2610 || -2 || -41 || +53 || -39 || =50 || =51 || -18 || -47 || +54 || -37 || =49 || 3½
|-
| 53 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Friso Nijboer]]|Netherlands}} || 2555 || -7 || =43 || -52 || -50 || =18 || -47 || =45 || =54 || +51 || -41 || =48 || 3½
|-
| 54 || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Susan Polgar|Zsuzsa Polgár]]|Hungary}} || 2545 || =15 || -25 || =47 || =49 || =35 || -41 || -50 || =53 || -52 || =51 || -45 || 3
|}

==1994–95 Candidates Tournament==

The top seven from the Qualifying tournament were joined by [[Nigel Short]], the loser of the [[World Chess Championship 1993#1993 PCA match|1993 PCA championship match]] against Kasparov.

The first round of Candidates matches were best of eight games, the semifinals were best of 10, and the final was best of 12. If the scores were tied, sets of two [[rapid chess]] games were played as tie breakers, until one player had a lead.

The quarterfinal matches were held at the Trump Tower in [[New York City]] in June 1994 and opened by [[Donald Trump]]. The semifinals were played in [[Linares, Jaén|Linares]] in September 1994, and the final in [[Las Palmas]] in March 1995.<ref>[http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/9496pcix.htm 1994-95 PCA Candidates Matches], Mark Weeks' Chess Pages</ref>

{{8TeamBracket-info
| teamwidth=13
| RD1=Quarterfinals
| RD1-team1={{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Gata Kamsky]]'''
| RD1-score1='''4½'''
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Vladimir Kramnik]]
| RD1-score2=1½
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[Nigel Short]]'''
| RD1-score3='''6½'''
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|USA}} [[Boris Gulko]]
| RD1-score4=5½
| RD1-team5={{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[Michael Adams (chess player)|Michael Adams]]'''
| RD1-score5='''7½'''
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Sergei Tiviakov]]
| RD1-score6=6½
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Viswanathan Anand]]'''
| RD1-score7='''5'''
| RD1-team8={{flagicon|UKR}} [[Oleg Romanishin]]
| RD1-score8=2
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Gata Kamsky]]'''
| RD2-score1='''5½'''
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|ENG}} [[Nigel Short]]
| RD2-score2=1½
| RD2-team3={{flagicon|ENG}} [[Michael Adams (chess player)|Michael Adams]]
| RD2-score3=1½
| RD2-team4={{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Viswanathan Anand]]'''
| RD2-score4='''5½'''
| RD3-team1={{flagicon|USA}} [[Gata Kamsky]]
| RD3-score1=4½
| RD3-team2={{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Viswanathan Anand]]'''
| RD3-score2='''6½'''
}}

==1995 Championship match==

The final was played at the [[World Trade Center (1973-2001)|World Trade Center]], on the 107th floor of the South Tower.<ref>[http://www.theweekinchess.com/html/twic358.html The Week in Chess 358], 17 September, 2001</ref>

The first player to reach 10½ points would be the winner.

:{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+PCA World Chess Championship Match 1995<ref>[http://www.theweekinchess.com/html/twic53.html The Week in Chess 53], 15 October, 1995</ref>
|-
! !! Rating (change) !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 11 !! 12 !! 13 !! 14 !! 15 !! 16 !! 17 !! 18 !! Total
|-
| align=left | {{flagathlete|[[Viswanathan Anand]]|India}} || 2725 (+13)
| ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || 1 ||style="background:black; color:white"| 0 || 0 ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || 0 ||style="background:black; color:white"| 0 || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || 7½
|-
| align=left | {{flagathlete|'''[[Garry Kasparov]]'''|Russia}} || '''2795''' (-13)
|style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| 0 || 1 
|style="background:black; color:white"| 1 || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| 1 || 1 ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ || '''10½'''
|}

The match began with eight consecutive draws, a record for the World Chess Championship until the [[World Chess Championship 2018|2018]] Carlsen–Caruana match. In game 9 Anand, with white, broke through Kasparov's [[Sicilian Defence, Scheveningen Variation|Sicilian Scheveningen]] defence to win. Kasparov hit back immediately in game 10, with a novelty in the [[Ruy Lopez]] Open Defence.

Game 11 was arguably the turning point in the match. Kasparov sprung a major surprise by playing the [[Sicilian Defence, Dragon Variation|Sicilian Dragon]] with black – a once-popular defence which at the time was only played at the top level by a few specialists. Anand missed a comparatively simple combination and lost. After a draw in game 12, Anand again played weakly against the Dragon in game 13, losing again with white to go two points down.

When Anand lost game 14, Kasparov had a commanding 8½-5½ lead and the match was effectively over. The players drew their remaining games.<ref>[http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/9496pwix.htm PCA World Chess Championship 1995] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204021618/http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/9496pwix.htm |date=2013-12-04 }}, Mark Weeks' Chess Pages</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*For a match report, see [https://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.chess.misc/browse_thread/thread/21f5def411376af3/0265f1b419e12f23?lnk=st Special Report to ICC--Kasparov Wins Match] by Leigh Walker and Brian Karen.
*BBC Coverage of game 9:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WkILpHyMuiw
*BBC Coverage of game 10:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tNfIlOZXFFM
*BBC Coverage of game 11:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZrtQSpeQCYs
*BBC Coverage of game 13:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwM3aFZm8dE
*BBC Coverage of game 14:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZG0hFXTuhU4

{{Chess}}
{{World Chess Championships|state=expanded}}

[[Category:World Chess Championships|1995]]
[[Category:1995 in chess|World Chess Championship 1995, Classical]]
[[Category:Chess in the United States|World Chess Championship 1995, Classical]]
[[Category:Sports in Manhattan|Chess Championship, World 1995 Classical]]
[[Category:1995 in sports in New York City|Chess Championship, World 1995 Classical]]
[[Category:Garry Kasparov]]