View source for Amarna letter EA 367

<!--[[File:Amarna letter mp3h8876.jpg|thumb|right|310px|[[Amarna letter EA 365|EA 365]], equivalent-sized, rectangular letter to [[Labaya]]'s letter EA 252.]]-->
<!--[[File:Amarna letter mp3h8876.jpg|thumb|right|220px|[[Amarna letter EA 365|EA 365]], (''Reverse''), [[Biridiya]] to Pharaoh, titled: ''"Furnishing [[Corvée]] Workers"'';<ref>[[William L. Moran|Moran, William L.]] 1987, 1992. ''The Amarna Letters.'' EA 365, ''Furnishing [[Corvée]] Workers,'' p. 363.</ref> a letter with spaces between cuneiform characters, and dissimilar to the "no spaces" between the cuneiform of EA 367. <br />(a similar sized, rectangular tablet) <br />(high resolution expandible photo)]]-->
{{infobox artefact
|name = Amarna letter EA 367<br>(Titled ''From the Pharaoh to a Vassal'')
|image =[[File:Lens - Inauguration du Louvre-Lens le 4 décembre 2012, la Galerie du Temps, n° 030.JPG|220px]]
|image_caption =[[Pharaoh]] letter to [[Endaruta]]
|material = Clay
|size = <!--Length: {{convert|17.14|cm|in|abbr=on}}<br>Width: {{convert|9.2|cm|in|abbr=on}}<br>Thickness: {{convert|2.22|cm|in|abbr=on}}-->Height: {{convert|4.5|in|cm|abbr=on}} <br>Width: {{convert|2.75|in|cm|abbr=on}}<br>Thickness: {{convert|0.75|in|cm|abbr=on}}
|writing = [[cuneiform]]<br>([[Akkadian language]])
|created = ~1350-1335 BC ([[Amarna Period]])
|period = Middle [[Babylonia]]n
|place = [[Akhetaten]]
|location = <!--Room 55, [[British Museum]], London--> [[Louvre]]<br>(''Antiquités orientales''<br>AO 7095)
|id = 
|registration = <!--{{British-Museum-db|K.160|id=314745}}--><!--{{Louvre|AO 7095}}-->
}}
<!--[[File:Lens - Inauguration du Louvre-Lens le 4 décembre 2012, la Galerie du Temps, n° 030.JPG|thumb|270px|'''Amarna letter 367''' <br />Final numbered letter from the Pharaoh (~10 letters) with title: ''From the Pharaoh to a Vassal'', to [[Endaruta]].]]-->

'''Amarna letter EA 367''', titled ''From the Pharaoh to a Vassal,''<ref>[[William L. Moran|Moran, William L.]] 1987, 1992. ''The Amarna Letters.'' EA 367, ''From the Pharaoh to a Vassal,'' p. 365.</ref> is a medium-small, square [[clay tablet]] [[Amarna letters|Amarna letter]] to [[Endaruta]] of [[Achshaph]], (Akšapa of the letters), one of only about 10 letters of the el-Amarna corpus, that is from the Pharaoh of Egypt to his correspondent. (Two of the Pharaonic letters are lists, and not a 'letter' per se.)

The letter is distinctive in that, 1- there are basically no spaces between the [[Akkadian language]] [[cuneiform]] signs, (lines 3, 4, 5 (end Para I [[scribe]]-line), and lines 6, 7, and 8), on the letter, and, 2- only a few [[segue]]-spaces (sections with no signs, except at the end of some text lines – no segue spaces in the middle of the text, tablet obverse). And, some text extends to the right (the cuneiform starts at the left margin) into the right side of the clay tablet's pillow shaped thickness, and further into the reverse side, which would appear upside down in the text of the reverse. (See photo of [[Amarna letter EA 9]], bottom right of reverse, (line 6 from obverse, upside-down).)

EA 367 is about 3 in wide x 3.5 in tall, and is made of a dark clay. One trait of the letter is that the [[scribe]] uses some signs that have multiple alphabetic uses ([[um (cuneiform)]]-for ''umma'' ("message-thus"), also ''ṭup'' (=to 'um') of ''ṭup-pa'' for "tablet"), and ''gáb'', for the [[Akkadian language]], "gabbu", ''all''<ref>[[Anson Rainey|Rainey]], 1970. ''El Amarna Tablets, 359-379'', ''Glossary:Vocabulary'', '''gabbu''', pp. 55-87, p. 63.</ref> ("everything"), and where ''gáb'' is the same sign for ''káb'', in the spelling of some specific verbs.

Letter EA 367 is one of the [[Amarna letters]], about 300, numbered up to EA 382, mid 14th century BC, about [[1350 BC]] and 25? years later, [[Text corpus|correspondence]]. The initial corpus of letters were found at [[Akhenaten]]'s city Akhetaten, in the floor of the [[Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh]]; others were later found, adding to the body of letters.

== Text of EA 367 ==

The following [[English language]] text, and [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]] is from [[Anson Rainey|Rainey]], 1970, ''El Amarna Tablets, 359-379'':<ref>[[Anson Rainey|Rainey]], 1970, ''El Amarna Tablets, 359-379,'' (AOAT 8, ''Alter Orient Altes Testament 8''), EA 367, pp. 32-33.</ref>

English:

:(Line 1)--To '''Intaruta''' the ruler (man) (of) Akšapa
:(2)--speak! Thus (says) The King: (i.e. Pharaoh)
:(3)--Now this tablet (i.e. tablet letter) have I sent to you to speak
:(4)--to you; and guard! — — may you be on guard over
:(5)--the place(region) of the king that is assigned to you. (!)
:(end Paragraph I, [[scribe|scribal]]-line)

:(6)--Now, the king has sent to you
:(7)--Hani son (of) Mairēya,
:(8)--"chief of the stable" of the king in [[Canaan]];
:(9)--and to what he says to you listen
:(10)--very carefully lest the king find in you
:(11)--an evil deed. Every word
:(12)--that he says to you listen to it very carefully,
:(13)--and carry (it) out explicitly.
:(14)--And guard! guard! Do not be slack;
:(15)--and be sure that you prepare in anticipation
:(16)--of the king's archer troops plenty of food,

:Reverse

:(17)--(and) plenty of wine (and) everything else.
:(18)--Now he will reach you
:(19)--very, very quickly;
:(20)--and he will cut off the head
:(21)--of the enemies of the king.
:(Para II-III scribal-line)

:(22)--and may you be apprised that
:(23)--the king is fine (well) like the "'''sun'''"
:(24)--in "'''heaven'''"; his infantry (and) his chariotry
:(25)--are very, very well indeed!

Akkadian:

:(Line 1)--[[a (cuneiform)|a]]-[[na (cuneiform)|na]] '''<sup>I</sup>In-Da-[[ru (cuneiform)|Ru]]-TÁ''' (amēl)[[LÚ (man Sumerogram)|LÚ]] <sup>[[URU (city Sumerogram)|uru]]</sup>AK-[[ša (cuneiform)|ŠA]]-[[pa (cuneiform)|PA]]
:(2)--[[ki (cuneiform)|qí]]-[[ne (cuneiform)|bil]](bí)-[[ma (cuneiform)|ma]] [[um (cuneiform)|um]]-[[ma (cuneiform)|ma]] [[lugal|LUGAL]]-[[ma (cuneiform)|MA]]
:(3)--[[a (cuneiform)|a]]-[[nu (cuneiform)|nu]]-[[ma (cuneiform)|ma]] [[ṭup (cuneiform)|ṭup]]-[[pa (cuneiform)|pa]] [[a (cuneiform)|a]]-[[na (cuneiform)|na]]-[[a (cuneiform)|a]] uš-[[te (cuneiform)|te]]-[[bi (cuneiform)|bi]]-[[la (cuneiform)|la]]-[[ku (cuneiform)|ku]]
:(4)--[[a (cuneiform)|a]]-[[na (cuneiform)|na]] [[ka (cuneiform)|ka]]-[[a (cuneiform)|a]]-[[ša (cuneiform)|ša]] [[ù (cuneiform)|ù]] uṣ-[[AMAR (cuneiform)|ṣur]] lu-[[ú (cuneiform)|ú]] [[na (cuneiform)|na]]-[[za (cuneiform)|ṣa]]-[[ra (cuneiform)|ra]]-[[ta (cuneiform)|ta]]
:(5)--[[aš (cuneiform)|aš]]-[[ru (cuneiform)|ru]] [[lugal|LUGAL]] [[ša (cuneiform)|ša]] [[it (cuneiform)|it]]-[[TI (cuneiform)|ti]]-[[ka (cuneiform)|ka]]
:(end Paragraph I, [[scribe|scribal]]-line)

:(6)--[[a (cuneiform)|a]]-[[nu (cuneiform)|nu]]-[[um (cuneiform)|um]]-[[ma (cuneiform)|ma]] [[lugal|LUGAL]] [[um (cuneiform)|um]]-[[te (cuneiform)|te]]-eš-še-[[ra (cuneiform)|ra]]-[[ku (cuneiform)|ku]]
:(7)--'''<sup>I</sup>[[ha (cuneiform)|Ha]]-[[a (cuneiform)|A]]-[[ni (cuneiform)|NI]]''' [[DUMU (son Sumerogram)|DUMU]] '''<sup>I</sup>[[ma (cuneiform)|Ma]]-[[i (cuneiform)|i]]-[[ri (cuneiform)|Re]]-[[ia (cuneiform)|iYa]]'''
:(8)--"<sup>[[LÚ (man Sumerogram)|lú]]</sup>(akil tarbaṣi)([[pa (cuneiform)|PA]].[[tur (cuneiform)|TUR]])" [[ša (cuneiform)|ša]] [[lugal|LUGAL]] [[i (cuneiform)|i]]-[[na (cuneiform)|na]] <sup>[[kur (cuneiform)|kur]]</sup>[[ki (cuneiform)|Ki]]-[[na (cuneiform)|Na]]-aH-Hi (i.e. [[Canaan]])
:(9)--[[ù (cuneiform)|ù]] [[ša (cuneiform)|ša]] [[i (cuneiform)|i]]-[[gáb (cuneiform)|qáb]]--bá-[[ku (cuneiform)|ku]] [[ši (cuneiform)|ši]]-[[ma (cuneiform)|ma]]-[[aš (cuneiform)|aš]]-[[šu (cuneiform)|šu]]
:(10)--damqiš(SIG<sub>5</sub><sup>iš</sup>) [[dan (cuneiform)|dan]]-níš [[la (cuneiform)|la]]-[[a (cuneiform)|a]] [[i (cuneiform)|i]]-kaš-[[ša (cuneiform)|ša]]-dak-[[ku (cuneiform)|ku]]
:(11)--[[lugal|LUGAL]] ar-[[na (cuneiform)|na]] [[a (cuneiform)|a]]-[[ma (cuneiform)|wa]]-[[ta (cuneiform)|ta]] [[gáb (cuneiform)|gáb]]-bá
:(12)--[[ša (cuneiform)|ša]] [[i (cuneiform)|i]]-[[gáb (cuneiform)|káb]]--bá-[[ku (cuneiform)|ku]] [[ši (cuneiform)|ši]]-[[ma (cuneiform)|ma]]-[[aš (cuneiform)|aš]]-[[šu (cuneiform)|šu]] damqiš(SIG<sub>5</sub><sup>iš</sup>) [[dan (cuneiform)|dan]]-níš
:(13)--[[ù (cuneiform)|ù]] [[e (cuneiform)|e]]-[[bu (cuneiform)|pu]]-uš [ damqiš ](SIG<sub>5</sub><sup>iš</sup>) [[dan (cuneiform)|dan]]-níš
:(14)--[[ù (cuneiform)|ù]] uṣ-[[AMAR (cuneiform)|ṣur]] [uṣ]-[[AMAR (cuneiform)|ṣur]] [[la (cuneiform)|la]]-[[a (cuneiform)|a]] tá-[[mi (cuneiform)|mé]]-ek-[[ki (cuneiform)|ki]]
:(15)--[[ù (cuneiform)|ù]] lu-[[ú (cuneiform)|ú]] [[šu (cuneiform)|šu]]-[[šu (cuneiform)|šu]]-[[ra (cuneiform)|ra]]-tá [[a (cuneiform)|a]]-[[na (cuneiform)|na]] [[pa (cuneiform)|pa]]-[[ni (cuneiform)|ni]]
:(16)--ṣābē([[ERIM (army Sumerogram)|ERIM]].<sup>[[meš (cuneiform)|meš]]</sup>) [[bi (cuneiform)|pí]]-[[ta (cuneiform)|ṭa]]-[[TI (cuneiform)|ti]] [[lugal|LUGAL]] akalu([[NINDA (bread Sumerogram)|NINDA]]("bread, loaf")) [[ma (cuneiform)|ma]]-[[a (cuneiform)|a]]-[[ad (cuneiform)|ad]]

:Reverse

:(17)--karānu([[GEŠTIN (wine Sumerogram)|GEŠTIN]]) [[gáb (cuneiform)|gáb]]--[[bu (cuneiform)|bu]] [[mi (cuneiform)|mi]]-[[im (cuneiform)|im]]-[[ma (cuneiform)|ma]]
:(18)--[[a (cuneiform)|a]]-[[nu (cuneiform)|nu]]-[[um (cuneiform)|um]]-[[ma (cuneiform)|ma]] [[i (cuneiform)|i]]-kaš-[[ša (cuneiform)|ša]]-dak-[[ku (cuneiform)|ku]]
:(19)--ar-hi-iš ar-hi-iš
:(20)--[[ù (cuneiform)|ù]] [[i (cuneiform)|i]]-[[na (cuneiform)|na]]-ak-[[ki (cuneiform)|ki]]-ís qaqqad(SAG<sup>ad</sup>)
:(21)--[[a (cuneiform)|a]]-[[ia (cuneiform)|ia]]-bé-[[e (cuneiform)|e]] [[ša (cuneiform)|ša]] [[lugal|LUGAL]]
:(Para II-III scribal-line)

:(22)--[[ù (cuneiform)|ù]] lu-[[ú (cuneiform)|ú]] [[TI (cuneiform)|ti]]-[[i (cuneiform)|i]]-dì [[i (cuneiform)|i]]-[[nu (cuneiform)|nu]]-[[ma (cuneiform)|ma]]
:(23)--[[ša (cuneiform)|ša]]-[[lim (cuneiform)|lim]] [[lugal|LUGAL]] [[ki (cuneiform)|ki]]-[[ma (cuneiform)|ma]] '''<sup>d</sup>[[UTU (sun Sumerogram)|UTU]]-[[aš (cuneiform)|aš]]'''
:(24)--[[i (cuneiform)|i]]-[[na (cuneiform)|na]] '''<sup>[[an (cuneiform)|AN]]</sup>sa-[[me (cuneiform)|me]]-[[e (cuneiform)|e]]''' ṣābē([[ERIM (Sumerogram)|ERIM]].<sup>[[meš (cuneiform)|meš]]</sup>)-[[šu (cuneiform)|šu]] <sup>giš</sup>narkabātu([[GIGIR (chariot Sumerogram)|GIGIR]]<sup>[[meš (cuneiform)|meš]]</sup>)
:(25)--[[ma (cuneiform)|ma]]-[[a (cuneiform)|a]]-[[du (cuneiform)|du]] [[ma (cuneiform)|ma]]-[[GAL (cuneiform)|gal]] [[ma (cuneiform)|ma]]-[[GAL (cuneiform)|gal]] šul-[[mu (cuneiform)|mu]]

== Obverse photo, EA 367, ''The Ancients in Their Own Words'' ==

A recent historical overview book (Kerrigan, 2009), ''The Ancients in Their Own Words'',<ref>Kerrigan, ''The Ancients in Their Own Words'', (as doublet-pages, 104 articles), article pages, 10-218.</ref> presents 104, steles, monuments, personal items, etc. (example the [[Kilamuwa Stela]] of [[King Kilamuwa]]). Each bi-page, opens to the next item (208 pages for 104 items). The Amarna letters cover one of these bi-pages with a historical discussion of the Amarna letters' [[text corpus]]. One photo occurs, the obverse of EA 367, where the entire compact text can be seen; the only [[segue]] space, occurs at the end of Paragraph I (line 5), with the scribe line below separating Para I from Paragraph II. The photo sits next to a letter text, a 'free-form, non-linear translation' (2009?) of a letter from Gintikirmil's mayor, Tagi to the Pharaoh; the letter is [[Amarna letter EA 264]], titled ''The Ubiquitous King''.<ref>[[William L. Moran|Moran, William L.]] 1987, 1992, ''The Amarna Letters,'' letter EA 264, ''The Ubiquitous King,'' p. 313.</ref>
<!--
== Letter EA 364, Moran translation ==

Moran's non-linear letter [[English language]] translation (translated from the [[French language]]):<ref>[[William L. Moran|Moran, William L.]] 1987, 1992, ''The Amarna Letters,'' letter EA 364, ''Justified War,'' p. 362.</ref>

EA 364, Obverse:

:(Lines 1-9)--'''"To the king, my lord: Message of [[Ayyab]], your servant. I fall at the feet of my lord 7 times and 7 times. I am the servant of the king, my lord,''' '''''("and"-omitted)''''' '''the dirt at his feet.'''
:(lines 10-16)--'''I have heard what the king, my lord, wrote to me through (='by the hand',''' ''[[qa (cuneiform)|qa]]-[[TI (cuneiform)|ti]]'' ''') [[Tahmassi|Atahmaya]]. Truly, I have guarded<sup>1</sup> very carefully''' ''([[ma (cuneiform)|ma]]-[[GAL (cuneiform)|gal]] [[ma (cuneiform)|ma]]-[[GAL (cuneiform)|gal]])'' '''[the''' ''citie]s''<sup>2</sup> '''of the king, my lord.'''

EA 364, continued Bottom, Reverse:

:(lines 17-28)--'''Moreover,''' ''([[ša (cuneiform)|ša]]-[[ni (cuneiform)|ni]]-[[ud (cuneiform)|tam]])'' '''note that it is the ruler of Haṣura who has taken 3 cities from me. From the time I heard and verified this,<sup>3</sup> there has been waging of war against him. Truly, may the king, my lord, take cognizance, and may the king, my lord, give thought to his servant."'''--(complete EA 364, with minor [[lacuna (manuscripts)|lacunae]], lines 1-28)
-->

== See also ==
*[[Endaruta]]
*[[Amarna letters–phrases and quotations]]
*[[List of Amarna letters by size]]
**[[Amarna letter EA 5]], [[Amarna letter EA 9|EA 9]], [[Amarna letter EA 15|EA 15]], [[Amarna letter EA 19|EA 19]], [[Amarna letter EA 26|EA 26]], [[Amarna letter EA 27|EA 27]], [[Amarna letter EA 35|EA 35]], [[Amarna letter EA 38|EA 38]] 
**[[Amarna letter EA 153|EA 153]], [[Amarna letter EA 161|EA 161]], [[Amarna letter EA 288|EA 288]], [[Amarna letter EA 364|EA 364]], [[Amarna letter EA 365|EA 365]], EA 367

<!--, for: '''"'''7 times and 7 times, ''"on the back and on the stomach"''.'''"'''-->
<!--==External links==
*[http://www.biblearchaeology.org/image.axd?picture=2010/6/Letter-from-Labayu2.jpg Photo, EA 252 Obverse], [http://www.biblearchaeology.org/post/2010/06/25/shechem-its-archaeological-and-contextual-significance.aspx Schechem, etc.]-->

== External links ==
*[http://www.kchanson.com/ANCDOCS/meso/amarna367.html KC Hanson English language letter clay tablet letter translation&ndash;'''Note''', some English words represent multiple clay tablet characters, and may not be in ''sequential character-to-character'' order, and are meant to represent the meaning of the intent of the letter. ]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
<!--*[[Giorgio Buccellati|Buccellati, Giorgio]]. ''Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian'', from ''Ugarit-Forschungen 8'', (Neukirchen-Vluyen).-->
*Kerrigan, 2009. ''The Ancients in Their Own Words,'' Michael Kerrigan, Fall River Press, Amber Books Ltd, c 2009. (hardcover. {{ISBN|978-1-4351-0724-3}})
*[[William L. Moran|Moran, William L.]] ''The Amarna Letters.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. (softcover, {{ISBN|0-8018-6715-0}})
* Parpola, 1971. ''The Standard Babylonian [[Epic of Gilgamesh]]'', [[Simo Parpola|Parpola, Simo]], [[Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project]], c 1997, Tablet I thru Tablet XII, Index of Names, Sign List, and Glossary-(pp.&nbsp;119–145), 165 pages.
*[[Anson Rainey|Rainey]], 1970. ''El Amarna Tablets, 359-379,'' [[Anson Rainey|Anson F. Rainey]], (AOAT 8, ''Alter Orient Altes Testament 8'', Kevelaer and Neukirchen -Vluyen), 1970, 107 pages.
<!-- *[[Anson Rainey|Rainey]], 1970. ''El Amarna Tablets, 359-379,'' [[Anson Rainey|Anson F. Rainey]], (AOAT 8, ''Alter Orient Altes Testament 8'', Kevelaer and Neukirchen -Vluyen), 1970, 107 pages.
-->
<!--*Ugarit Forschungen (Neukirchen-Vluyn). UF-11 (1979) honors [[Claude Schaeffer]], with about 100 articles in 900 pages. pp 95, ff, "Comparative Graphemic Analysis of [[Akkadian language|Old]] [[First Babylonian Dynasty|Babylonian]] and Western Akkadian", ( i.e. Ugarit and [[Amarna letters|Amarna]] (letters), three others, [[Mari, Syria|Mari]], OB,Royal, OB,non-Royal letters). See above, in text.-->

<!--*[[Anson Rainey|Rainey]], 1970. ''El Amarna Tablets, 359-379,'' [[Anson Rainey|Anson F. Rainey]], (AOAT 8, ''Alter Orient Altes Testament 8'', Kevelaer and Neukirchen -Vluyen), 1970, 107 pages.-->
<!--*Held, Schmalstieg, Gertz, 1987. ''Beginning Hittite''. Warren H. Held, Jr, William R. Schmalstieg, Janet E. Gertz, c. 1987, Slavica Publishers, Inc. w/ Glossaries, Sign List, Indexes, etc, 218 pages.-->
<!--*[[William L. Moran|Moran, William L.]] 1987, 1992. ''The Amarna Letters.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. 393 pages.(softcover, ISBN 0-8018-6715-0)
* Parpola, 1971. ''The Standard Babylonian [[Epic of Gilgamesh]]'', [[Simo Parpola|Parpola, Simo]], [[Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project]], c 1997, Tablet I thru Tablet XII, Index of Names, Sign List, and Glossary-(pp.&nbsp;119–145), 165 pages.
*[[Anson Rainey|Rainey]], 1970. ''El Amarna Tablets, 359-379,'' [[Anson Rainey|Anson F. Rainey]], (AOAT 8, ''Alter Orient Altes Testament 8'', Kevelaer and Neukirchen -Vluyen), 1970, 107 pages.-->
<!--*Held, Schmalstieg, Gertz, 1987. ''Beginning Hittite''. Warren H. Held, Jr, William R. Schmalstieg, Janet E. Gertz, c. 1987, Slavica Publishers, Inc. w/ Glossaries, Sign List, Indexes, etc, 218 pages.-->
<!--*[[William L. Moran|Moran, William L.]] 1987, 1992. ''The Amarna Letters.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. 393 pages.(softcover, ISBN 0-8018-6715-0)
* Parpola, 1971. ''The Standard Babylonian [[Epic of Gilgamesh]]'', [[Simo Parpola|Parpola, Simo]], [[Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project]], c 1997, Tablet I thru Tablet XII, Index of Names, Sign List, and Glossary-(pp.&nbsp;119–145), 165 pages.
*[[Anson Rainey|Rainey]], 1970. ''El Amarna Tablets, 359-379,'' [[Anson Rainey|Anson F. Rainey]], (AOAT 8, ''Alter Orient Altes Testament 8'', Kevelaer and Neukirchen -Vluyen), 1970, 107 pages.

-->
<!--
Tablet Zimri-Lim Louvre AO20161.jpg

*Held, Schmalstieg, Gertz, 1987. ''Beginning Hittite''. Warren H. Held, Jr, William R. Schmalstieg, Janet E. Gertz, c. 1987, Slavica Publishers, Inc. w/ Glossaries, Sign List, Indexes, etc, 218 pages.
*[[William L. Moran|Moran, William L.]] 1987, 1992. ''The Amarna Letters.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. 393 pages.(softcover, ISBN 0-8018-6715-0)

KERRIGAN
*Kerrigan, 2009. ''The Ancients in Their Own Words,'' Michael Kerrigan, Fall River Press, Amber Books Ltd, c 2009. (hardcover. ISBN 978-1-4351-0724-3)

MORAN
AMARNA
<ref>[[William L. Moran|Moran, William L.]] 1987, 1992, ''The Amarna Letters,'' letter EA 365, ''Furnishing Corvée Workers,'' p. 363.</ref>

<ref>[[William L. Moran|Moran, William L.]] 1987, 1992. ''The Amarna Letters.'' EA 147, ''A Hymn to the Pharaoh'', pp. 233-235.</ref>

* Parpola, 1971. ''The Standard Babylonian [[Epic of Gilgamesh]]'', [[Simo Parpola|Parpola, Simo]], [[Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project]], c 1997, Tablet I thru Tablet XII, Index of Names, Sign List, and Glossary-(pp.&nbsp;119–145), 165 pages.(softcover, ISBN 0-8018-6715-0)
*[[Anson Rainey|Rainey]], 1970. ''El Amarna Tablets, 359-379,'' [[Anson Rainey|Anson F. Rainey]], (AOAT 8, ''Alter Orient Altes Testament 8'', Kevelaer and Neukirchen -Vluyen), 1970, 107 pages.

RAINEY-LETTER_REF
<ref>[[Anson Rainey|Rainey]], 1970. ''El Amarna Tablets, 359-379,'' [[Anson Rainey|Anson F. Rainey]], (AOAT 8, ''Alter Orient Altes Testament 8'')</ref>

SIGN
<ref>Parpola, 1971. ''The Standard Babylonian [[Epic of Gilgamesh]]'', Sign List, pp. 155-165, no. 068, p. 156.</ref>
<ref>Rainey, 1970. ''El Amarna Tablets, 359-379,'' Glossary:Vocabulary, pp. 55-87, p. 24.</ref>
<ref>[[Anson Rainey|Rainey]], 1970. ''El Amarna Tablets, 359-379,'' ''EA 365, [[Biridiya]] of [[Megiddo]] to the King,'' pp. 24-27.</ref>

GLOSS<ref>Parpola, 1971. ''The Standard Babylonian [[Epic of Gilgamesh]]'', Glossary, pp. 119-145, '''aššum//nāqidu//ana''', p. 122.</ref>
CCCCCCCCC

GLOSS-RAINEY
<ref>[[Anson Rainey|Rainey]], 1970. ''El Amarna Tablets, 359-379'', ''Glossary:Vocabulary'', '''saparu''', pp. 55-87, p. 81.</ref>

GLOSS-Buccellati
<ref>[[Giorgio Buccellati|Buccellati, Giorgio]], (Ugarit-Forschungen 11, 1979). ''Comparative Graphemic Analysis of [[Akkadian language|Old]] [[First Babylonian Dynasty|Babylonian]] and Western Akkadian'', pp. 95-100, Graph, p. 96. (i.e. Ugarit and [[Amarna letters|Amarna]] (letters), three others, [[Mari, Syria|Mari]], OB, Royal letters, OB, non-Royal letters)</ref>

UUU-FFFORS
*Ugarit Forschungen (Neukirchen-Vluyn). UF-11 (1979) honors [[Claude Schaeffer]], with about 100 articles in 900 pages. pp 95, ff, "Comparative Graphemic Analysis of [[Old Babylonian]] and Western Akkadian", ( i.e. Ugarit and [[Amarna letters|Amarna]] (letters), three others, [[Mari, Syria|Mari]], OB,Royal, OB,non-Royal letters). See above, in text.

XXX-BUCCELLATI-XXX-PPPPPP

REF
<ref>[[Giorgio Buccellati|Buccellati, Giorgio]], (Ugarit-Forschungen 11, 1979). ''Comparative Graphemic Analysis of [[Akkadian language|Old]] [[First Babylonian Dynasty|Babylonian]] and Western Akkadian'', pp. 95-100, Graph, p. 96.</ref>

*[[Giorgio Buccellati|Buccellati, Giorgio]]. ''Comparative Graphemic Analysis of [[Akkadian language|Old]] [[First Babylonian Dynasty|Babylonian]] and Western Akkadian'', from ''Ugarit-Forschungen 8'', (Neukirchen-Vluyen).
*[[Anson Rainey|Rainey]], 1970. ''El Amarna Tablets, 359-379,'' [[Anson Rainey|Anson F. Rainey]], (AOAT 8, ''Alter Orient Altes Testament 8'', Kevelaer and Neukirchen -Vluyen), 1970, 107 pages.

<ref>Held, Schmalstieg, Gertz, 1987. ''Beginning Hittite'', Sign List, page 194, page 200.</ref>
Amarna letter mp3h8878.jpg
File:Tablet Zimri-Lim Louvre AO20161.jpg
Cylinder Seal LACMA M.76.174.375 (2 of 4).jpg

XX ē Š š Ú ú

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C+B-Assyria-CuneiformImage12.PNG|Full EA 365, Reverse
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File:Tablet Zimri-Lim Louvre AO20161.jpg|with [[griffin]] (Lion (with lion tail) and wings (on Side E)). <br />The columns of inscription contain, at right: [[an (cuneiform)]]-(for DINGIR, god?), and '''pa (cuneiform)'''.
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XXX
Amarna letter mp3h8878.jpg
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{{Louvre Museum}}

[[Category:Near Eastern and Middle Eastern antiquities in the Louvre]]
[[Category:Amarna letters]]
[[Category:Canaan]]