View source for Afshar dialect

{{Short description|Turkic variety spoken mainly in Iran}}
{{Infobox language
| name             = Afshar
| nativename       = {{lang|azb|{{nq|افشر}}}}, {{lang|azb|Əfşar}}
| image            = Afshar.svg
| states           = [[Iran]], [[Afghanistan]]
| region           = 
| ethnicity        = [[Afshar people]]
| ref              = 
| familycolor      = Altaic
| fam1             = [[Turkic languages|Turkic]]
| fam2             = [[Common Turkic languages|Common Turkic]]
| fam3             = [[Oghuz languages|Oghuz]]
| dia1             = Hamadān Afshar<ref name=iranatlas>{{cite web|url=http://iranatlas.net/index.html?module=module.classification|title=Atlas of the Languages of Iran A working classification|publisher=Carleton University|location=Ottawa}}</ref>
| dia2             = Kermān Afshar<ref name=iranatlas></ref>
| dia3             = Kabul Afshar<ref name=iranatlas></ref>
| script           = [[Perso-Arabic script]], [[Latin script]]
| iso3             = none
| iso3comment      = (included in {{ISO 639|azb|link=yes}} [azb])
| glotto           = afsh1238
| glottorefname    = Afshari
| notice           = IPA
}}

'''Afshar''' or '''Afshari''' ({{langx|az|Əfşar}}) is a [[Turkic language|Turkic]] [[dialect]] spoken in [[Iran]] and [[Afghanistan]] by the [[Afshar (tribe)|Afshars]]. ''[[Ethnologue]]'' and ''[[Glottolog]]'' list it as a dialect of the [[South Azerbaijani language]].<ref>{{e25|azb|Azerbaijani, South}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Glottolog 4.6 - Afshari |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/afsh1238 |website=Glottolog |access-date=1 December 2022}}</ref> The ''[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]'' lists it as a separate Southern Oghuz language.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Michael Knüppel |first=E. | title= TURKIC LANGUAGES OF PERSIA: AN OVERVIEW | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]] | accessdate=2021-03-28|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/turkic-languages-overview|quote=1.4. Southern-Oghuz. 1.4.1. Afšār. The Afšār language was once spoken in a wide area in western and southwestern Persia from Kermānšāh to the shores of the Persian Gulf. }}</ref>

According to the third edition of the ''[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]'':<ref>{{EI3|last=Stöber|first=Georg|title=Afshār|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/afshar-COM_23658?s.num=15&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-3&s.q=Azeri|year=2010}}</ref>
{{blockquote|Linguistically, Afshārī is classified as a dialect belonging to the South Oghuz group of Turkic languages (southwestern branch of Turkic) (Johanson, History of Turkic, 82–3), or else as a dialect of South Azerbaijani (Azeri). As they were embedded in a Fārsī-speaking environment, however, in many cases Fārsī became the mother tongue of the Afshārs. Other groups became bilingual (as in Kirmān). Additionally, the contact between the different languages seems to have transformed the original dialect (cf. Johanson, Discoveries, 14–6). In 2009 a linguistic comparison of different Afshār groups remains outstanding.}}

Afshar is distinguished by many loanwords from [[Persian language|Persian]] and a rounding of the phoneme {{IPA|/a/}} to {{IPA|[ɒ]}}, as occurred in Uzbek. In many cases, vowels that are rounded in Azerbaijani are not rounded in Afshar. An example of this is {{IPA|/jiz/}} (meaning ''100''), which is {{IPA|/jyz/}} in standard Azerbaijani.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Robbeets |first1=Martine |title=Diachrony of Verb Morphology |date=24 July 2015 |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |page=10}}</ref>

According to [[Lars Johanson]], emeritus professor of Turcology and linguistics at the University of Mainz, and Eva Csato, professor emeritus in Turkic languages at Uppsala University, state that the Afshar dialect as SW<sup>S</sup>; Southwestern South Oghuz group that includes the dialects of Iran (such as [[Qashqai language|Qashqai]], [[Sonqori dialect|Sonqori]], [[Aynallu language|Aynallu]], etc.) and Afghanistan (e.g., Afshar).{{sfn|Johanson|Csato|2024|p=82}}

==See also==
*[[Afshar (tribe)]]
*[[Afsharid dynasty]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Literature ==
* {{cite book |author1=Doerfer, Gerhard  |author2=Hesche, Wolfram| title=Südoghusische Materialen aus Afghanistan und Iran | location=Wiesbaden | publisher=Harrassowitz | year=1989 |isbn=3-447-02786-X}}
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Johanson |editor-first1=Lars |editor-last2=Csato |editor-first2=Eva |title=The Turkic Languages |publisher=Routledge |year=2024 |edition=2nd }}

{{Azerbaijani language}}
{{Languages of Iran}}
{{Turkic languages}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Afshar Language}}
[[Category:Agglutinative languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Iran]]
[[Category:Turkic languages of Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Oghuz languages]]
[[Category:Afshar tribe]]
[[Category:Turkic languages]]

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