wis
English
editPronunciation
editAlternative forms
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Middle English wis (“certain, sure”), from an aphetic form of Middle English iwis, ywis (“certain, sure”) (from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)), or of North Germanic origin, cognate with Icelandic viss (“certain, sure”), Dutch gewis (“certain, sure”), and German gewiss (“certain, sure”). Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *gawissaz. More at iwis.
Adverb
editwis (comparative more wis, superlative most wis)
- (rare, obsolete or dialectal) Certainly, surely.
- 1884, Charlotte Mary Yonge, The armourer's prentices:
- So I wis would the Dragon under him […]
- (rare, obsolete or dialectal) Really, truly.
- (rare, obsolete or dialectal) Indeed.
- c. 1368-1372, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Book of the Duchess:
- As wis God help me.
Derived terms
editAdjective
editwis (comparative more wis, superlative most wis)
- (rare, obsolete or dialectal) Certain.
- (rare, obsolete or dialectal) Sure.
- He was wis on his word.
- I am wis that it will happen.
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editFrom an incorrect division, mistaking iwis (“certain”) for I wis (“I know”). See ywis for more information. The German verb wissen may appear similar, but in fact corresponds etymologically to the English verb wit; both of those verbs ultimately descend from the same Proto-Indo-European root as this one.
Verb
editwis (third-person singular simple present wis, no present participle, no simple past, past participle wist or wissed)
- (obsolete or archaic) To know.
- c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ix]:
- "The fire seven times tried this: / Seven times tried that judgement is, / That did never choose amiss. / Some there be that shadows kiss: / Such have but a shadow's bliss. / There be fools alive, I wis, / Silver'd o'er; and so was this. / I will ever be your head: / So be gone: you are sped."
- (obsolete or archaic) To think, suppose.
- 1850, Robert Browning, “(please specify the page)”, in Christmas-Eve and Easter-Day. A Poem, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC:
- Howe'er you wis.
- (obsolete or archaic) To imagine, ween; to deem.
- 1889, Harriet McEwen Kimball, Poems, "In the Garden":
- And oh, that I should see that star remote / Yet His near Glory miss / Whereto the sun itself and stars do float / As motes, I wis!
- 1797, S[amuel] T[aylor] Coleridge, “Christabel. Part I.”, in Christabel: Kubla Khan, a Vision: The Pains of Sleep, London: […] John Murray, […], by William Bulmer and Co. […], published 1816, →OCLC, page 8:
- As sure as Heaven shall rescue me, / I have no thought what men they be; / Nor do I know how long it is / (For I have lain in fits, I wis) […]
Anagrams
editAfrikaans
editVerb
editwis
Chuukese
editNoun
editwis
Dutch
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editDerived from Proto-Germanic *wissaz, past participle of *witaną. See gewis.
Adjective
editwis (not comparable)
Inflection
editDeclension of wis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
uninflected | wis | |||
inflected | wisse | |||
comparative | — | |||
positive | ||||
predicative/adverbial | wis | |||
indefinite | m./f. sing. | wisse | ||
n. sing. | wis | |||
plural | wisse | |||
definite | wisse | |||
partitive | wis |
Etymology 2
editInherited from Middle Dutch wisch, from Old Dutch *wisk, from Proto-Germanic *wiskaz (“bundle of straw, hay”).
Noun
editwis f or m (plural wissen, diminutive wisje n)
Etymology 3
editVerb
editwis
- inflection of wissen:
Gothic
editRomanization
editwis
- Romanization of 𐍅𐌹𐍃
Javanese
editJavanese register set |
---|
ꦏꦮꦶ (kawi): sampun |
ꦏꦿꦩꦲꦶꦁꦒꦶꦭ꧀ (krama inggil): pun |
ꦏꦿꦩꦲꦤ꧀ꦝꦥ꧀ (krama andhap): wis |
Adverb
editj=ꦮꦶꦱ꧀Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
wis
Kabyle
editParticle
editwis (feminine tis)
- -th, forms ordinal numerals by preceding a cardinal numeral
Usage notes
edit- The particle agrees in gender with its associated noun. If this noun is feminine, the particle has a feminine form tis.
- The particle may be used before both native Kabyle numerals and Arabic-derived numerals.
- The particle is not used before yiwen (“one”). The adjective amezwaru (“first”) is used instead of such an ordinal.
Old Dutch
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Germanic *wīsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see, to know”).
Adjective
editwīs
Inflection
editStrong declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | neuter | feminine | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
nominative | wīs | wīse | wīs | wīse | wīs | wīsu |
accusative | wīsan | wīse | wīs | wīse | wīsa | wīsu |
genitive | wīsis | wīsro | wīsis | wīsro | wīsro | wīsrō |
dative | wīson | wīson | wīson | wīson | wīsro | wīson |
Weak declension | ||||||
masculine | neuter | feminine | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
nominative | wīso | wīsu | wīsa | wīsu | wīsa | wīsu |
accusative | wīsin | wīsin | wīsa | wīsin | wīsin | wīsin |
genitive | wīsin | wīsno | wīsin | wīsno | wīsin | wīsno |
dative | wīsin | wīson | wīsin | wīson | wīsin | wīson |
Descendants
edit- Middle Dutch: wijs
Further reading
edit- “wīs”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old English
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Germanic *wīsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weydstos (“knowledgeable”), an extension of *weyd- (“to see, to know”). Akin to Old High German wīs and Old Norse víss.
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editwīs (comparative wīsra, superlative wīsest)
- wise
- 10th century, The Wanderer:
- forþon ne mæġ wearþan wīs · wer, ǣr hē āge
wintra dǣl in woruldrīċe. · Wita sċeal ġeþyldiġ.- thus a man cannot become wise, before he would own
a part of years in world-kingdom. A wise man must be patient.
- thus a man cannot become wise, before he would own
Declension
editSingular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | wīs | wīs | wīs |
Accusative | wīsne | wīse | wīs |
Genitive | wīses | wīsre | wīses |
Dative | wīsum | wīsre | wīsum |
Instrumental | wīse | wīsre | wīse |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | wīse | wīsa, wīse | wīs |
Accusative | wīse | wīsa, wīse | wīs |
Genitive | wīsra | wīsra | wīsra |
Dative | wīsum | wīsum | wīsum |
Instrumental | wīsum | wīsum | wīsum |
Derived terms
editDescendants
editOld High German
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Germanic *wīsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weydstos (“knowledgeable”), an extension of *weyd- (“to see, to know”). Akin to Old English wīs and Old Norse víss.
Adjective
editwīs
Derived terms
editDescendants
editOld Saxon
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Germanic *wīsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weydstos (“knowledgeable”), an extension of *weyd- (“to see, to know”). Akin to Old English wīs, Old High German wīs and Old Norse víss.
Adjective
editwīs
Declension
editStrong declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gender | masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | wis | wise, wisa | wis | wisa | wis | wis, wisa |
accusative | wisan, wisen | wisa, wise | wisa | wisa | wis | wis, wisa |
genitive | wises, wisas | wisaro, wisoro, wisero | wisara, wisaro | wisaro, wisoro, wisero | wises, wisas | wisaro, wisoro, wisero |
dative | wisumu, wisum, wisun, wisun, wison, wisen, wisan | wisun, wison, wisum | wisaro, wisaru, wisara | wisun, wison | wisumu, wisum, wisun, wisun, wison, wisen, wisan | wisun, wison, wisum |
Weak declension | ||||||
gender | masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | wiso, wisa | wison, wisun | wisa, wise | wison, wisun, wisan | wisa, wise | wison, wisun |
accusative | wison, wisan | wison, wisun | wisun, wison, wisan | wison, wisun, wisan | wisa, wise | wison, wisun |
genitive | wisen, wisan | wisono, wiseno | wisun, wisan, wisen | wisono | wisen, wisan | wisono, wiseno |
dative | wison, wisen, wisan | wison, wisun | wisun, wisan | wison, wisun | wison, wisen, wisan | wison, wisun |
Weak declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gender | masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | wisoro, wisora | wisoron, wisorun | wisora, wisore | wisoron, wisorun, wisoran | wisora, wisore | wisoron, wisorun |
accusative | wisoron, wisoran | wisoron, wisorun | wisorun, wisoron, wisoran | wisoron, wisorun, wisoran | wisora, wisore | wisoron, wisorun |
genitive | wisoren, wisoran | wisorono, wisoreno | wisorun, wisoran, wisoren | wisorono | wisoren, wisoran | wisorono, wisoreno |
dative | wisoron, wisoren, wisoran | wisoron, wisorun | wisorun, wisoran | wisoron, wisorun | wisoron, wisoren, wisoran | wisoron, wisorun |
Descendants
editScots
editEtymology
editCompare West Frisian wie.
Verb
editwis
- simple past tense of be
Usage notes
editWis is used with singular pronouns and plural nouns, and wis, war or wir are used with plural pronouns.
See also
editTagalog
editAlternative forms
editPronunciation
edit- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈwis/ [ˈwis]
- Rhymes: -is
- Syllabification: wis
Pronoun
editwis (Baybayin spelling ᜏᜒᜐ᜔)
West Frisian
editEtymology
editSee witte (“to know, be sure”). Cognate with English wis.
Adjective
editwis
Inflection
editInflection of wis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
uninflected | wis | |||
inflected | wisse | |||
comparative | wisser | |||
positive | comparative | superlative | ||
predicative/adverbial | wis | wisser | it wist it wiste | |
indefinite | c. sing. | wisse | wissere | wiste |
n. sing. | wis | wisser | wiste | |
plural | wisse | wissere | wiste | |
definite | wisse | wissere | wiste | |
partitive | wis | wissers | — |
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “wis (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/aɪs
- Rhymes:English/aɪs/1 syllable
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms derived from North Germanic languages
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English lemmas
- English adverbs
- English terms with rare senses
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English dialectal terms
- English terms with quotations
- English adjectives
- English terms with usage examples
- English verbs
- English terms with archaic senses
- English three-letter words
- Afrikaans non-lemma forms
- Afrikaans verb forms
- Chuukese lemmas
- Chuukese nouns
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɪs
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɪs/1 syllable
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch adjectives
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -en
- Dutch feminine nouns
- Dutch masculine nouns
- Dutch nouns with multiple genders
- Dutch non-lemma forms
- Dutch verb forms
- Gothic non-lemma forms
- Gothic romanizations
- Javanese lemmas
- Javanese adverbs
- Kabyle lemmas
- Kabyle particles
- Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Dutch lemmas
- Old Dutch adjectives
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English adjectives
- Old English terms with quotations
- Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old High German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old High German lemmas
- Old High German adjectives
- Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Saxon lemmas
- Old Saxon adjectives
- Scots non-lemma forms
- Scots verb forms
- Tagalog 1-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Tagalog/is
- Rhymes:Tagalog/is/1 syllable
- Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog pronouns
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- Tagalog gay slang
- West Frisian lemmas
- West Frisian adjectives