vész
Hungarian
editEtymology
editOf unknown origin.[1]
Pronunciation
editNoun
editvész (plural vészek)
- (archaic) plague, pestilence, pandemic, disease (today only in some compounds, especially referring to domestic animals)
- (literary) disaster, catastrophe
- Synonyms: csapás, katasztrófa, szerencsétlenség
- (as a prefix in compounds) emergency (adjectival use)
Declension
editInflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | vész | vészek |
accusative | vészt | vészeket |
dative | vésznek | vészeknek |
instrumental | vésszel | vészekkel |
causal-final | vészért | vészekért |
translative | vésszé | vészekké |
terminative | vészig | vészekig |
essive-formal | vészként | vészekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | vészben | vészekben |
superessive | vészen | vészeken |
adessive | vésznél | vészeknél |
illative | vészbe | vészekbe |
sublative | vészre | vészekre |
allative | vészhez | vészekhez |
elative | vészből | vészekből |
delative | vészről | vészekről |
ablative | vésztől | vészektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
vészé | vészeké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
vészéi | vészekéi |
Possessive forms of vész | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | vészem | vészeim |
2nd person sing. | vészed | vészeid |
3rd person sing. | vésze | vészei |
1st person plural | vészünk | vészeink |
2nd person plural | vészetek | vészeitek |
3rd person plural | vészük | vészeik |
Derived terms
editVerb
editvész
- (intransitive) to perish, to die
- (intransitive) to get lost, to vanish (in something: -ba/-be)
- Synonym: elvész
- ködbe vész ― s/he gets lost in the mist/fog
Usage notes
editThis verb is a member of one of those (few) quasi-homonymous verb pairs that exist both with and without an -ik ending. All (intransitive) suffixed forms of these pairs are identical (sometimes they can even have derived forms that coincide), with the exception of their dictionary form (the third-person singular indicative present, with or without -ik). However, the meaning of these pairs is usually distinct, sometimes unrelated. Examples include (fel)áldoz–(le)áldozik, bán–bánik, (meg)bíz–(meg)bízik, ér–érik, esz (rare)–eszik, hajol–hajlik, (felül)múl–(el)múlik, (hozzá)nyúl–nyúlik, (el)vesz–(el)veszik~(el)vész, and tör–törik (along with their verbal prefixes), hall–hallik (archaic), érez–érzik (archaic), sometimes with some difference: (el)hibáz–hibádzik, (le)torkol–torkollik. Therefore one may well need to check the context and the arguments to ascertain which member of the verb pair is relevant.
Conjugation
editClick for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | veszek | veszel | vész | veszünk | vesztek | vesznek | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | vesztem | vesztél | veszett | vesztünk | vesztetek | vesztek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. veszni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | veszék | veszél | vesze | veszénk | veszétek | veszének | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. vész vala, veszett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | veszendek | veszendesz | veszend | veszendünk | veszendetek | veszendenek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | vesznék | vesznél | veszne | vesznénk | vesznétek | vesznének | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. veszett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | vesszek | vessz or vesszél |
vesszen | vesszünk | vesszetek | vesszenek | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. veszett légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | veszni | vesznem | veszned | vesznie | vesznünk | vesznetek | veszniük | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
veszés | vesző | veszett | ― | veszve (veszvén) | veszejt | ||||
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | veszhetek | veszhetsz | veszhet | veszhetünk | veszhettek | veszhetnek | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | veszhettem | veszhettél | veszhetett | veszhettünk | veszhettetek | veszhettek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | veszheték | veszhetél | veszhete | veszheténk | veszhetétek | veszhetének | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. veszhet vala, veszhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | veszhetendek or veszandhatok |
veszhetendesz or veszandhatsz |
veszhetend or veszandhat |
veszhetendünk or veszandhatunk |
veszhetendetek or veszandhattok |
veszhetendenek or veszandhatnak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | veszhetnék | veszhetnél | veszhetne | veszhetnénk | veszhetnétek | veszhetnének | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. veszhetett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | veszhessek | veszhess or veszhessél |
veszhessen | veszhessünk | veszhessetek | veszhessenek | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. veszhetett légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (veszhetni) | (veszhetnem) | (veszhetned) | (veszhetnie) | (veszhetnünk) | (veszhetnetek) | (veszhetniük) | ||
Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (veszhetve / veszhetvén) | ||||
or (less commonly, although more clearly distinguishing from certain coinciding forms of the verbs vesz and veszt and the possessive-suffixed noun veszte)
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | vészek | vészel | vész | vészünk | vésztek | vésznek | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | vésztem | vésztél | vészett | vésztünk | vésztetek | vésztek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. vészni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | vészék | vészél | vésze | vészénk | vészétek | vészének | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. vész vala, vészett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | vészendek | vészendesz | vészend | vészendünk | vészendetek | vészendenek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | vésznék | vésznél | vészne | vésznénk | vésznétek | vésznének | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. vészett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | vésszek | véssz or vésszél |
vésszen | vésszünk | vésszetek | vésszenek | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. vészett légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | vészni | vésznem | vészned | vésznie | vésznünk | vésznetek | vészniük | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
vészés | vésző | vészett | ― | vészve (vészvén) | veszejt | ||||
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | vészhetek | vészhetsz | vészhet | vészhetünk | vészhettek | vészhetnek | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | vészhettem | vészhettél | vészhetett | vészhettünk | vészhettetek | vészhettek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | vészheték | vészhetél | vészhete | vészheténk | vészhetétek | vészhetének | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. vészhet vala, vészhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | vészhetendek or vészandhatok |
vészhetendesz or vészandhatsz |
vészhetend or vészandhat |
vészhetendünk or vészandhatunk |
vészhetendetek or vészandhattok |
vészhetendenek or vészandhatnak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | vészhetnék | vészhetnél | vészhetne | vészhetnénk | vészhetnétek | vészhetnének | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. vészhetett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | vészhessek | vészhess or vészhessél |
vészhessen | vészhessünk | vészhessetek | vészhessenek | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. vészhetett légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (vészhetni) | (vészhetnem) | (vészhetned) | (vészhetnie) | (vészhetnünk) | (vészhetnetek) | (vészhetniük) | ||
Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (vészhetve / vészhetvén) | ||||
Alternative forms
editDerived terms
edit- veszte (with the possessive suffix incorporated)
(With verbal prefixes):
References
edit- ^ vész in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
edit- (disaster): vész in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (to perish): vész , redirecting to (2): vesz in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- vész in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
- Hungarian terms with unknown etymologies
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