Finnish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *tumma. Cognates include Estonian tõmmu, Estonian tume, Ingrian tumma, Karelian tumma, Võro tummõ and Votic tummõ.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈtumːɑ/, [ˈt̪umːɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -umːɑ
  • Hyphenation(key): tum‧ma

Adjective

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tumma (comparative tummempi, superlative tummin)

  1. dark (of colour)
    Antonyms: vaalea, valjakka, kirkas
    Hänellä on tumma tukka.
    She has dark hair.
    Minä käytän vain tummia vaatteita.
    I only wear dark clothes.
  2. dark-haired
    Synonyms: tummatukkainen, tummahiuksinen, brunette, brune
    Antonyms: vaalea, blondi
    Naapurin jätkä seurustelee taas sen tumman tytön kanssa.
    The guy next door is dating the dark-haired girl again.

Usage notes

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  • The compound names of dark variants of a color are formed with genitive of tumma, other adjectives often with nominative, depending on the head word, e.g.:
tummankeltainen (dark yellow)
tummaihoinen (dark-skinned)

Declension

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Inflection of tumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative tumma tummat
genitive tumman tummien
partitive tummaa tummia
illative tummaan tummiin
singular plural
nominative tumma tummat
accusative nom. tumma tummat
gen. tumman
genitive tumman tummien
tummain rare
partitive tummaa tummia
inessive tummassa tummissa
elative tummasta tummista
illative tummaan tummiin
adessive tummalla tummilla
ablative tummalta tummilta
allative tummalle tummille
essive tummana tummina
translative tummaksi tummiksi
abessive tummatta tummitta
instructive tummin
comitative tummine
Possessive forms of tumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative tummani tummani
accusative nom. tummani tummani
gen. tummani
genitive tummani tummieni
tummaini rare
partitive tummaani tummiani
inessive tummassani tummissani
elative tummastani tummistani
illative tummaani tummiini
adessive tummallani tummillani
ablative tummaltani tummiltani
allative tummalleni tummilleni
essive tummanani tumminani
translative tummakseni tummikseni
abessive tummattani tummittani
instructive
comitative tummineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative tummasi tummasi
accusative nom. tummasi tummasi
gen. tummasi
genitive tummasi tummiesi
tummaisi rare
partitive tummaasi tummiasi
inessive tummassasi tummissasi
elative tummastasi tummistasi
illative tummaasi tummiisi
adessive tummallasi tummillasi
ablative tummaltasi tummiltasi
allative tummallesi tummillesi
essive tummanasi tumminasi
translative tummaksesi tummiksesi
abessive tummattasi tummittasi
instructive
comitative tumminesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative tummamme tummamme
accusative nom. tummamme tummamme
gen. tummamme
genitive tummamme tummiemme
tummaimme rare
partitive tummaamme tummiamme
inessive tummassamme tummissamme
elative tummastamme tummistamme
illative tummaamme tummiimme
adessive tummallamme tummillamme
ablative tummaltamme tummiltamme
allative tummallemme tummillemme
essive tummanamme tumminamme
translative tummaksemme tummiksemme
abessive tummattamme tummittamme
instructive
comitative tumminemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative tummanne tummanne
accusative nom. tummanne tummanne
gen. tummanne
genitive tummanne tummienne
tummainne rare
partitive tummaanne tummianne
inessive tummassanne tummissanne
elative tummastanne tummistanne
illative tummaanne tummiinne
adessive tummallanne tummillanne
ablative tummaltanne tummiltanne
allative tummallenne tummillenne
essive tummananne tumminanne
translative tummaksenne tummiksenne
abessive tummattanne tummittanne
instructive
comitative tumminenne

Noun

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tumma (informal, chiefly endonymic)

  1. Rom, Romani person
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:mustalainen
    • (Can we date this quote?), “Ei kenenkään lähimmäinen”, in Hai Hortto kaalot, performed by Hortto Kaalo:
      Kun lähimmäistään muut rakastaa, / niin kylmän katseeen vain tumma saa.
      When the others love their neighbour, / the Rom only gets a cold look.

Usage notes

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  • The international term romani is preferred in standard Finnish.
  • The endonymic Finnish Kalo terms are kaalo (literally black man) and kaali (literally black woman). The calque tumma (literally dark one) is chiefly used by the Roma themselves.
  • In Finnish, the Roma generally use mustalainen (literally black person), contrasting it with valkolainen (Finn, literally white person). However, these terms may be considered offensive by younger non-Romani Finns.

Declension

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Inflection of tumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative tumma tummat
genitive tumman tummien
partitive tummaa tummia
illative tummaan tummiin
singular plural
nominative tumma tummat
accusative nom. tumma tummat
gen. tumman
genitive tumman tummien
tummain rare
partitive tummaa tummia
inessive tummassa tummissa
elative tummasta tummista
illative tummaan tummiin
adessive tummalla tummilla
ablative tummalta tummilta
allative tummalle tummille
essive tummana tummina
translative tummaksi tummiksi
abessive tummatta tummitta
instructive tummin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of tumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative tummani tummani
accusative nom. tummani tummani
gen. tummani
genitive tummani tummieni
tummaini rare
partitive tummaani tummiani
inessive tummassani tummissani
elative tummastani tummistani
illative tummaani tummiini
adessive tummallani tummillani
ablative tummaltani tummiltani
allative tummalleni tummilleni
essive tummanani tumminani
translative tummakseni tummikseni
abessive tummattani tummittani
instructive
comitative tummineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative tummasi tummasi
accusative nom. tummasi tummasi
gen. tummasi
genitive tummasi tummiesi
tummaisi rare
partitive tummaasi tummiasi
inessive tummassasi tummissasi
elative tummastasi tummistasi
illative tummaasi tummiisi
adessive tummallasi tummillasi
ablative tummaltasi tummiltasi
allative tummallesi tummillesi
essive tummanasi tumminasi
translative tummaksesi tummiksesi
abessive tummattasi tummittasi
instructive
comitative tumminesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative tummamme tummamme
accusative nom. tummamme tummamme
gen. tummamme
genitive tummamme tummiemme
tummaimme rare
partitive tummaamme tummiamme
inessive tummassamme tummissamme
elative tummastamme tummistamme
illative tummaamme tummiimme
adessive tummallamme tummillamme
ablative tummaltamme tummiltamme
allative tummallemme tummillemme
essive tummanamme tumminamme
translative tummaksemme tummiksemme
abessive tummattamme tummittamme
instructive
comitative tumminemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative tummanne tummanne
accusative nom. tummanne tummanne
gen. tummanne
genitive tummanne tummienne
tummainne rare
partitive tummaanne tummianne
inessive tummassanne tummissanne
elative tummastanne tummistanne
illative tummaanne tummiinne
adessive tummallanne tummillanne
ablative tummaltanne tummiltanne
allative tummallenne tummillenne
essive tummananne tumminanne
translative tummaksenne tummiksenne
abessive tummattanne tummittanne
instructive
comitative tumminenne

Derived terms

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compounds

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Ingrian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *tumma. Cognates include Finnish tumma and Estonian tõmmu.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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tumma (comparative tummemp)

  1. dim, dark

Declension

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Declension of tumma (type 3/koira, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative tumma tummat
genitive tumman tummiin
partitive tummaa tummia
illative tummaa tummii
inessive tummaas tummiis
elative tummast tummist
allative tummalle tummille
adessive tummaal tummiil
ablative tummalt tummilt
translative tummaks tummiks
essive tummanna, tummaan tumminna, tummiin
exessive1) tummant tummint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

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References

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  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 608

Sidamo

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈtumːa/
  • Hyphenation: tum‧ma

Noun

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tumma f

  1. plural of tuma

Declension

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References

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  • Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 38

Swedish

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Etymology

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tumme (thumb) +‎ -a

Verb

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tumma (present tummar, preterite tummade, supine tummat, imperative tumma)

  1. to thumb (touch or manipulate with one's thumb)
  2. to confirm mutual agreement (sometimes by parties pressing their right thumbs against each other), to shake on it, to pinky swear
    Vi tummade på det
    We shook on it
  3. to slightly compromise on, to skimp on (something)
    De tummade på säkerheten
    They compromised / skimped on security
  4. (chiefly historical) to measure (lumber) in inches (tum)

Usage notes

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Close to synonymous with göra avkall på in (sense 3). Often of being willing to compromise on or play a bit fast and loose with something considered important, in a critical sense.

Conjugation

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References

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