tumma
Finnish
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *tumma. Cognates include Estonian tõmmu, Estonian tume, Ingrian tumma, Karelian tumma, Võro tummõ and Votic tummõ.
Pronunciation
editAdjective
edittumma (comparative tummempi, superlative tummin)
- dark (of colour)
- dark-haired
- Synonyms: tummatukkainen, tummahiuksinen, brunette, brune
- Antonyms: vaalea, blondi
- Naapurin jätkä seurustelee taas sen tumman tytön kanssa.
- The guy next door is dating the dark-haired girl again.
Usage notes
edit- The compound names of dark variants of a color are formed with genitive of tumma, other adjectives often with nominative, depending on the head word, e.g.:
- tummankeltainen (“dark yellow”)
- tummaihoinen (“dark-skinned”)
Declension
editInflection of tumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | tumma | tummat | |
genitive | tumman | tummien | |
partitive | tummaa | tummia | |
illative | tummaan | tummiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | tumma | tummat | |
accusative | nom. | tumma | tummat |
gen. | tumman | ||
genitive | tumman | tummien tummain rare | |
partitive | tummaa | tummia | |
inessive | tummassa | tummissa | |
elative | tummasta | tummista | |
illative | tummaan | tummiin | |
adessive | tummalla | tummilla | |
ablative | tummalta | tummilta | |
allative | tummalle | tummille | |
essive | tummana | tummina | |
translative | tummaksi | tummiksi | |
abessive | tummatta | tummitta | |
instructive | — | tummin | |
comitative | — | tummine |
Noun
edittumma (informal, chiefly endonymic)
- Rom, Romani person
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:mustalainen
- (Can we date this quote?), “Ei kenenkään lähimmäinen”, in Hai Hortto kaalot, performed by Hortto Kaalo:
- Kun lähimmäistään muut rakastaa, / niin kylmän katseeen vain tumma saa.
- When the others love their neighbour, / the Rom only gets a cold look.
Usage notes
edit- The international term romani is preferred in standard Finnish.
- The endonymic Finnish Kalo terms are kaalo (literally “black man”) and kaali (literally “black woman”). The calque tumma (literally “dark one”) is chiefly used by the Roma themselves.
- In Finnish, the Roma generally use mustalainen (literally “black person”), contrasting it with valkolainen (“Finn”, literally “white person”). However, these terms may be considered offensive by younger non-Romani Finns.
Declension
editInflection of tumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | tumma | tummat | |
genitive | tumman | tummien | |
partitive | tummaa | tummia | |
illative | tummaan | tummiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | tumma | tummat | |
accusative | nom. | tumma | tummat |
gen. | tumman | ||
genitive | tumman | tummien tummain rare | |
partitive | tummaa | tummia | |
inessive | tummassa | tummissa | |
elative | tummasta | tummista | |
illative | tummaan | tummiin | |
adessive | tummalla | tummilla | |
ablative | tummalta | tummilta | |
allative | tummalle | tummille | |
essive | tummana | tummina | |
translative | tummaksi | tummiksi | |
abessive | tummatta | tummitta | |
instructive | — | tummin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of tumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
editcompounds
- tummahiuksinen
- tummahäränsilmä
- tummaihoinen
- tummajättiläishyppypäästäinen
- tummakasvoinen
- tummakulmainen
- tummalahnanruoho
- tummalakihapero
- tummalakiseitikki
- tummamuntjakki
- tummanharmaa
- tummankarvainen
- tummanokkahiiri
- tummanpuhuva
- tummanpunainen
- tummanruskea
- tummansininen
- tummanvihreä
- tummapaahtoinen
- tummapintainen
- tummapukuinen
- tummapussipeto
- tummapuumuura
- tummasilmä
- tummasilmäinen
- tummasointinen
- tummasolu
- tummasävyinen
- tummatarhakotilo
- tummatukka
- tummatukkainen
- tummatäpläseitikki
- tummaverikkö
- tummaverinen
- tummavetinen
Further reading
edit- “tumma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Anagrams
editIngrian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *tumma. Cognates include Finnish tumma and Estonian tõmmu.
Pronunciation
edit- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈtumːɑ/, [ˈtumː]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈtumːɑ/, [ˈtumːɑ]
- Rhymes: -umː, -umːɑ
- Hyphenation: tum‧ma
Adjective
edittumma (comparative tummemp)
Declension
editDeclension of tumma (type 3/koira, no gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | tumma | tummat |
genitive | tumman | tummiin |
partitive | tummaa | tummia |
illative | tummaa | tummii |
inessive | tummaas | tummiis |
elative | tummast | tummist |
allative | tummalle | tummille |
adessive | tummaal | tummiil |
ablative | tummalt | tummilt |
translative | tummaks | tummiks |
essive | tummanna, tummaan | tumminna, tummiin |
exessive1) | tummant | tummint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 608
Sidamo
editPronunciation
editNoun
edittumma f
Declension
editDeclension of tumma
(feminine)
unmodified | modified | |
---|---|---|
predicative | tumma | |
nominative | tumma | tumma |
genitive | tummate*) | tumma*) |
dative | tummate | tummara |
accusative | tumma*) | |
ablative | tummatenni | tummanni |
*) Stressed on the final vowel. |
References
edit- Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 38
Swedish
editEtymology
editVerb
edittumma (present tummar, preterite tummade, supine tummat, imperative tumma)
- to thumb (touch or manipulate with one's thumb)
- to confirm mutual agreement (sometimes by parties pressing their right thumbs against each other), to shake on it, to pinky swear
- Vi tummade på det
- We shook on it
- to slightly compromise on, to skimp on (something)
- De tummade på säkerheten
- They compromised / skimped on security
- (chiefly historical) to measure (lumber) in inches (tum)
Usage notes
editClose to synonymous with göra avkall på in (sense 3). Often of being willing to compromise on or play a bit fast and loose with something considered important, in a critical sense.
Conjugation
editConjugation of tumma (weak)
Active | Passive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | tumma | tummas | ||
Supine | tummat | tummats | ||
Imperative | tumma | — | ||
Imper. plural1 | tummen | — | ||
Present | Past | Present | Past | |
Indicative | tummar | tummade | tummas | tummades |
Ind. plural1 | tumma | tummade | tummas | tummades |
Subjunctive2 | tumme | tummade | tummes | tummades |
Participles | ||||
Present participle | tummande | |||
Past participle | tummad | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. |
References
editCategories:
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/umːɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/umːɑ/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish adjectives
- Finnish terms with usage examples
- Finnish koira-type nominals
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish informal terms
- Finnish terms with quotations
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/umː
- Rhymes:Ingrian/umː/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Ingrian/umːɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/umːɑ/2 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian adjectives
- Sidamo terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sidamo non-lemma forms
- Sidamo noun forms
- Swedish terms suffixed with -a
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish verbs
- Swedish terms with usage examples
- Swedish terms with historical senses
- Swedish weak verbs