tõsi
Estonian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *toci, compare dialectal tosi (Northeastern Coastal dialect).
Further etymology is unclear. Possibly from Proto-Uralic *čoďe (compare Northern Mansi со̄ль (sōlʹ)). Other hypoteses include both a Baltic borrowing, compare Lithuanian stačias (“straight; erect, upright”), status (“steep”), and a Germanic loan, possibly from Proto-Germanic *stōdija- (“firm, steadfast, steady, serious, honest, fair”). Both can be traced back to the same Proto-Indo-European root: *steh₂- (“to stand”).
Cognates include Finnish tosi, Votic tõsi, Livonian tuož, Ingrian and Karelian tosi, Livvi, Livonian, Ludian, and Veps tozi and Northern Sami duohta (from Proto-Samic *tuotë, probably borrowed from Proto-Finnic).
Pronunciation
editNoun
edittõsi (genitive tõe, partitive tõtt)
- truth (a statement, story, etc. that reflects a real situation, which actually exists)
- Synonym: tõde
- Antonym: vale
- Tahan teada tõtt. ― I want to know the truth.
- Uskumatu, kuid tõsi. ― Unbelievable, but true.
- Vannun, et rääkisin tõtt. ― I swear I was telling the truth.
- Kas ta räägib tõtt või valetab? ― Is (s)he telling the truth or lying?
- Pole kerge tõtt valest eraldada. ― It is not easy to separate truth from falsehood.
- Pole tõsi, selle oled sa ise välja mõelnud! ― That's not true, you made it up!
- Selles jutus pole raasugi tõtt. ― There's not a shred of truth in that story.
- Tuleb endale tõtt tunnistada. ― We have to admit the truth to ourselves.
- Kuulujutt ei vasta tõele. ― The rumour is not true.
- Tema võtab kõike tõe pähe. ― (S)he takes everything at face value. (literally, “ […] to the head of truth.”)
- On see tõsi või ainult sinu ettekujutus? ― Is this true or just your imagination?
- Ärevad aimdused osutusid tõeks. ― The fearful suspicions turned out to be true.
- Ennustus sai tõeks. ― The prediction came true.
- Tõtt öelda, see ei puutu minusse. ― To tell the truth, that's not my business.
- Söö, mis küps, räägi, mis tõsi. (proverb) ― Eat what's ripe, tell what's true.
- Confirming or admitting the validity of what has been said.
- Tõsi, ta abiellub. ― Yeah, (s)he is getting married.
- Uhke ta oli, see on tõsi. ― (S)he was proud indeed.
- Ilus ümbrus siin, see on sula tõsi. ― Beautiful surroundings here, that's for sure.
- Tõsi küll, ega temalgi kõik libedalt lähe. ― Admittedly, not everything goes smoothly for him/her either.
Usage notes
editThis term is considered a noun in Estonian dictionaries, but it often behaves as a predicative adjective, a particle or an interjection.
tõsi and its synonym tõde differ only in the nominative and partitive singular. Other than that, they are fully synonymous both grammatically and semantically.
Declension
editDeclension of tõsi (ÕS type 15/käsi, d/t-ø-s gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | tõsi | tõed | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | tõe | ||
genitive | tõte | ||
partitive | tõtt | tõsi | |
illative | tõtte tõesse |
tõtesse tõsisse | |
inessive | tões | tõtes tõsis | |
elative | tõest | tõtest tõsist | |
allative | tõele | tõtele tõsile | |
adessive | tõel | tõtel tõsil | |
ablative | tõelt | tõtelt tõsilt | |
translative | tõeks | tõteks tõsiks | |
terminative | tõeni | tõteni | |
essive | tõena | tõtena | |
abessive | tõeta | tõteta | |
comitative | tõega | tõtega |
Derived terms
editCompounds
editRelated terms
editReferences
editVotic
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *toci.
Pronunciation
editAdjective
edittõsi
Usage notes
editWhen this adjective is used attributively, the nominative singular form is (chiefly) used. When it is used predicatively, the partitive singular form is used.
Inflection
editAll other forms except the nominative and partitive singular forms are rare and are only practically used as adverbs; see the usage notes.
Declension of tõsi (type X/tuli, t- gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | tõsi | tõõd |
genitive | tõõ | tõsijõ, tõsii |
partitive | tõttõ | tõsiitõ, tõsii |
illative | tõttõ, tõttõsõ | tõsiisõ |
inessive | tõõz | tõsiiz |
elative | tõõssõ | tõsiissõ |
allative | tõõlõ | tõsiilõ |
adessive | tõõllõ | tõsiillõ |
ablative | tõõltõ | tõsiiltõ |
translative | tõõssi | tõsiissi |
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. |
References
edit- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “tõsi”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
- Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Estonian terms derived from Baltic languages
- Estonian terms derived from Germanic languages
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Estonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Estonian terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Estonian/ɤsi
- Rhymes:Estonian/ɤsi/2 syllables
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian nouns
- Estonian terms with usage examples
- Estonian käsi-type nominals
- Votic terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Votic terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Votic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Votic/ɤsi
- Rhymes:Votic/ɤsi/2 syllables
- Votic lemmas
- Votic adjectives
- Votic tuli-type nominals