Wiktionary

odi

See also: Odi, ODI, Odi-, odî, òdi, óði, and øði

Catalan

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin odium. Doublet of oi.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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odi m (plural odis)

  1. hatred
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Further reading

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Italian

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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odi m pl

  1. plural of odio

Noun

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odi f pl

  1. plural of ode

Verb

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odi

  1. inflection of udire:
    1. second-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Verb

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odi

  1. inflection of odiare:
    1. second-person singular present indicative
    2. first/second/third-person singular present subjunctive
    3. third-person singular imperative

Anagrams

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Latin

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *h₃e-h₃ód-e ~ h₃e-h₃d-ḗr, reduplicated perfect from the root *h₃ed- (“to hate; to start hating?”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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ōdī (present infinitive ōdisse, future participle ōsūrus); fourth conjugation, perfect forms have present meaning, no supine stem except in the future active participle

  1. to have an aversion towards, to hate, dislike
    • 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 1.38.1–2:
      Persicōs ōdī, puer, apparātūs,
      displicent nexae philyrā corōnae.
      • Translation by A.Z. Foreman
        My boy: I hate the filigree of Persia.
        Linden-sewn garlands chafe me with their glamor.
    • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Exodus.20.5:
      Nōn adōrābis ea, neque colēs: ego sum Dominus Deus tuus fortis, zēlōtēs, vīsitāns inīquitātem patrum in fīliōs, in tertiam et quārtam generātiōnem eōrum quī ōdērunt mē.
      Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me.
  2. (with infinitive) to feel reluctant to, to hate to, to be loath to
    • 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 2.16:
      Laetus in praesēns animus quod ultrā est
      ōderit cūrāre […]
      And let the mind that's happy in the moment
      'Bout that which lies before be loath to worry

Usage notes

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Irregular for historical reasons as well as to avoid near-homophony (especially for non-urban speakers) with forms of audeō and audiō:

  • Used to express a stative meaning, inheriting the Proto-Indo-European usage. As a result, no usual aspectual distinction (imperfect-perfect) is possible.
  • The perfect tense expresses a present stative meaning. The pluperfect expresses a past stative meaning.
  • Perōsus and exōsus are used in place of present active participles; ōsus is archaic in this function.
  • To express the passive meaning, various expressions with odium are mainly used.

The form odīvī, classically a solecism, is attested already by the end of the Republic in the past aoristic function; in Late Latin, the imperfect odiō becomes common (see it for details), supplementing ōdī in the present, while perōsus and exōsus acquire the passive meaning.

Conjugation

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   Conjugation of ōdī (fourth conjugation, no present stem, no supine stem except in the future active participle, active only, perfect forms as present, pluperfect as imperfect, future perfect as future)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present ōdī ōdistī ōdit ōdimus ōdistis ōdērunt,
ōdēre
imperfect ōderam ōderās ōderat ōderāmus ōderātis ōderant
future ōderō ōderis ōderit ōderimus ōderitis ōderint
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present ōderim ōderīs ōderit ōderīmus ōderītis ōderint
imperfect ōdissem ōdissēs ōdisset ōdissēmus ōdissētis ōdissent
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives ōdisse — ōsūrum esse — — —
participles — — ōsūrus — — —

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *odiō
    • Old Catalan: ujar
  • Borrowings:

References

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  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “odī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 425
  2. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₃ed-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 296
  • “ōdī” on page 1364 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
  • Landgraf, Gustav (1884) “Das Defektivum 'odi' und sein Ersatz”, in Archiv für lateinische Lexicographie und Grammatik mit Einschluss des älteren Mittellateins‎[1]

Further reading

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  • “odi”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “odi”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • odi in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Latvian

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Noun

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odi m

  1. nominative/vocative plural of ods

Verb

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odi

  1. second-person singular past indicative of ost

Lombard

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Etymology

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From Latin odium.

Noun

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odi

  1. hatred

Old High German

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-West Germanic *auþī, from Proto-Germanic *auþijaz.

Adjective

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ōdi

  1. empty, desolate, void
Descendants
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Etymology 2

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From Proto-West Germanic *auþī, from Proto-Germanic *auþuz.

Adjective

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ōdi

  1. easy, light
Derived terms
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Sranan Tongo

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Etymology

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From English howdy.

Noun

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odi

  1. A greeting; good wishes, regards

Interjection

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odi

  1. greetings, good day
    • ca. 1765, Pieter van Dyk, Nieuwe en nooit bevoorens geziene Onderwyzinge in het Bastert, of Neeger Engels, zoo als het zelve in de Hollandsze Colonien gebruikt word [New and unprecedented instruction in Bastard or Negro English, as it is used in the Dutch colonies]‎[2], Frankfurt/Madrid: Iberoamericana, retrieved 20 March 2021:
      Odi mijn heer hoe fa joe tan gran tanki fo myn heer a komi ja fo loeke da pranasie wan trom.
      Good day, Sir, how are you? Many thanks to Sir, (that) he has come here to look at the plantation on this occasion.

Derived terms

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Volapük

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Pronoun

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odi

  1. accusative singular of od

Welsh

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Etymology

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Possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pet-.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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odi (first-person singular present odaf)

  1. (literary) (North Wales) to snow
    Synonym: bwrw eira
  2. (literary) to throw, to hurl
    Synonyms: lluchio, taflu

Conjugation

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Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future odaf odi od, oda odwn odwch odant odir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional 		odwn odit odai odem odech odent odid
preterite odais odaist ododd odasom odasoch odasant odwyd
pluperfect odaswn odasit odasai odasem odasech odasent odasid, odesid
present subjunctive odwyf odych odo odom odoch odont oder
imperative — od, oda oded odwn odwch odent oder
verbal noun odi
verbal adjectives odedig
odadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future oda i, odaf i odi di odith o/e/hi, odiff e/hi odwn ni odwch chi odan nhw
conditional odwn i, odswn i odet ti, odset ti odai fo/fe/hi, odsai fo/fe/hi oden ni, odsen ni odech chi, odsech chi oden nhw, odsen nhw
preterite odais i, odes i odaist ti, odest ti ododd o/e/hi odon ni odoch chi odon nhw
imperative — oda — — odwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Mutation

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Mutated forms of odi
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
odi unchanged unchanged hodi

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “odi”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Yoruba

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Etymology 1

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From ò- (“nominalizing prefix”) +‎ dì (“to block”)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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òdì

  1. opposite or converse of something; negative
  2. antonym
  3. antithesis
  4. wrong side, deviance, aberration
    Synonym: òdìkejì
    O ti wọ òdì aṣọ. ― You've worn your clothes inside out.
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From o- (“nominalizing prefix”) +‎ dì (“to block”)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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odì

  1. grudge, malice, feud
    wọ́n ń ṣe odì pẹ̀lú ara wọn
    They were having malice towards one another
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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odì

  1. (Ijebu, historical) class of royal messengers
    Synonym: ẹmẹsẹ̀

Etymology 4

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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òdí

  1. anger, range
    Synonym: ìbínú
    ọmọ yẹ́n fa òdí yọ
    That child responded with anger
Derived terms
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Etymology 5

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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odi

  1. wall, fortress; (especially) walls around a city or town
Derived terms
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Etymology 6

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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odi

  1. deaf and or mute person
    Synonyms: odinúyàn, adití
    ọmọ́ ti ya odi
    The child has become deaf

Etymology 7

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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odi

  1. heavy bunch of fruit
    Synonyms: pádi, gban̄gba
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