moch

See also: Moch, mốch, and moc'h

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish moch (“early”), from Proto-Brythonic *mox (“soon, early”), from Proto-Celtic *moxs, from Proto-Indo-European *moḱs

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /mˠʊx/, [mˠʊ̃x]; /mɔx/; /mɯx/
• (Connacht) IPA^(key): /mˠɔx/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /mˠʌx/

Adjective

moch (genitive singular masculine moch, genitive singular feminine moiche, plural mocha, comparative moiche)

1. early

   Synonym: luath

Declension

Declension of moch

	Singular		Plural (m/f)
Positive	Masculine	Feminine	(strong noun)	(weak noun)
Nominative	moch	mhoch	mocha; mhocha²
Vocative	mhoch		mocha
Genitive		moiche	mocha	moch
Dative	moch; mhoch¹	mhoch	mocha; mhocha²
Comparative	níos moiche
Superlative	is moiche

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms

• dea-mhoch (“good and early”)
• mochánach (“early riser”)
• mochdháil (“early morning”)
• mochdhúnadh (“early closing”)

 

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
moch	mhoch	not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “moch”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “moch”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “moch”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “moch”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

Old Irish

Etymology

Borrowed from Proto-Brythonic *mox (“soon, early”), from Proto-Celtic *moxs, from Proto-Indo-European *moḱs, whence also Sanskrit मक्षू (makṣū, “fast; early”), Avestan 𐬨𐬊𐬱𐬎 (mošu, “soon, quickly”), Latin mox (“soon”). Doublet of mos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mox]

Adjective

moch

1. early

Declension

o/ā-stem
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	moch	moch	moch
Vocative	muich* moch**
Accusative	moch	muich
Genitive	muich	muiche	muich
Dative	much	muich	much
Plural	Masculine	Feminine/neuter
Nominative	muich	mocha
Vocative	muchu mocha†
Accusative	muchu mocha†
Genitive	moch
Dative	mochaib
Notes	*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized

Related terms

• mos (“soon”)

Descendants

• Irish: moch
• Manx: mogh
• Scottish Gaelic: moch

Adverb

moch

1. early, betimes

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
moch also mmoch after a proclitic ending in a vowel	moch pronounced with /β̃(ʲ)-/	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “moch”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Polish

Etymology

Clipping of Moskal + -ch.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mɔx/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔx
• Syllabification: moch

Noun

moch m pers

1. (slang) Russian person

Declension

Declension of moch

	singular	plural
nominative	moch	mochy
genitive	mocha	mochów
dative	mochowi	mochom
accusative	mocha	mochów
instrumental	mochem	mochami
locative	mochu	mochach
vocative	mochu	mochy

Further reading

• moch in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish moch (“early”), from Proto-Brythonic *mox (“soon, early”), from Proto-Celtic *moxs, from Proto-Indo-European *moḱs

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mɔx/

Adjective

moch

1. early

Derived terms

• mocheirigh
• mochthrath
• mochthrath
• o mhoch gu dubh

 

Adverb

moch

1. early, betimes, soon

Mutation

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical	Lenition
moch	mhoch
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Edward Dwelly (1911) “moch”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎^[2], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “moch”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Upper Sorbian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mъ̀xъ, *mъ̏xъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmɔx/
• Rhymes: -ɔx
• Hyphenation: moch
• Syllabification: moch

Noun

moch m inan (diminutive móšk)

1. (botany) moss

Declension

Declension of moch (masculine velar stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	moch	mochaj	mochi
genitive	mocha	mochow	mochow
dative	mochej	mochomaj	mocham
accusative	moch	mochaj	mochi
instrumental	mochom	mochomaj	mochami
locative	mochu, moše	mochomaj	mochach
vocative	mocho	mochaj	mochi

Derived terms

adjectives

• mochaty
• mochojty
• mochowy

 

nouns

• mochojćina f
• mochowina f
• mochowišćo n
• mochownička f
• móšk m inan

 

verbs

• mochojćić impf

 

References

• “moch” in Soblex

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /moːχ/
• Rhymes: -oːχ

Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *mox (“pig”), from Proto-Celtic *mokkus.

Noun

moch m (collective, singulative mochyn)

1. pigs, swine, hogs
   1. (figuratively) greedy, dirty, lazy, drunk, or immoral persons
2. (mining) small pumps used underground in coal mines to remove water
3. crushers (in quarrying)
4. ridging-ploughs
5. segments (of orange, etc.)

Derived terms

• clais moch (“garden clary”)
• cloron y moch (“summer truffles, Tuber aestivum”)
• daearfoch (“badgers”)
• mae gan foch bach glustiau (mawr) (“not in front of the children”)
• moch coed (“pine cones; woodlice; wild boar”)
• moch cwta (“guinea pigs”)
• moch daear (“badgers”)
• moch gini (“guinea pigs”)
• mochaidd (“filthy”)

 

Related terms

• baedd (“boar”)
• hwch (“sow”)
• porchell (“piglet”)
• twrch (“barrow”)

 

Etymology 2

From Middle Welsh moch, from Proto-Brythonic *mox (“early, soon”), from Proto-Celtic *moxs, from Proto-Indo-European *moḱs, whence also Sanskrit मक्षू (makṣū, “fast; early”), Avestan 𐬨𐬊𐬱𐬎 (mošu, “soon, quickly”), Latin mox (“soon”).

Adverb

moch

1. (obsolete) soon, early

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
moch	foch	unchanged	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Etymology 3

Noun

moch

1. Nasal mutation of boch (“cheek”).

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
boch	foch	moch	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “moch”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies