istua
Finnish
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *istudak (compare Karelian istuo, Estonian istuma, Ludian ištuda), possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic *isɜ- (compare Erzya озамс (ozams)).
Pronunciation
editVerb
editistua (intransitive)
- to sit
- to be a member in a board or similar
- Johannes Virolainen istui eduskunnassa peräti 42 vuotta.
- Johannes Virolainen was a member of parliament for as much as 42 years.
- to suit (+ allative) (a person)
- (informal) to be in jail, serve
Usage notes
edit- (be in jail): The period of time served is often specified as if it were an object, but it is in fact an adverbial that is only inflected like an object.
Conjugation
editInflection of istua (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | istun | en istu | 1st sing. | olen istunut | en ole istunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | istut | et istu | 2nd sing. | olet istunut | et ole istunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | istuu | ei istu | 3rd sing. | on istunut | ei ole istunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | istumme | emme istu | 1st plur. | olemme istuneet | emme ole istuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | istutte | ette istu | 2nd plur. | olette istuneet | ette ole istuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | istuvat | eivät istu | 3rd plur. | ovat istuneet | eivät ole istuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | istutaan | ei istuta | passive | on istuttu | ei ole istuttu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | istuin | en istunut | 1st sing. | olin istunut | en ollut istunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | istuit | et istunut | 2nd sing. | olit istunut | et ollut istunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | istui | ei istunut | 3rd sing. | oli istunut | ei ollut istunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | istuimme | emme istuneet | 1st plur. | olimme istuneet | emme olleet istuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | istuitte | ette istuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte istuneet | ette olleet istuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | istuivat | eivät istuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat istuneet | eivät olleet istuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | istuttiin | ei istuttu | passive | oli istuttu | ei ollut istuttu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | istuisin | en istuisi | 1st sing. | olisin istunut | en olisi istunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | istuisit | et istuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit istunut | et olisi istunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | istuisi | ei istuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi istunut | ei olisi istunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | istuisimme | emme istuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme istuneet | emme olisi istuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | istuisitte | ette istuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte istuneet | ette olisi istuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | istuisivat | eivät istuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat istuneet | eivät olisi istuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | istuttaisiin | ei istuttaisi | passive | olisi istuttu | ei olisi istuttu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | istu | älä istu | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | istukoon | älköön istuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon istunut | älköön olko istunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | istukaamme | älkäämme istuko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | istukaa | älkää istuko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | istukoot | älkööt istuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot istuneet | älkööt olko istuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | istuttakoon | älköön istuttako | passive | olkoon istuttu | älköön olko istuttu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | istunen | en istune | 1st sing. | lienen istunut | en liene istunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | istunet | et istune | 2nd sing. | lienet istunut | et liene istunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | istunee | ei istune | 3rd sing. | lienee istunut | ei liene istunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | istunemme | emme istune | 1st plur. | lienemme istuneet | emme liene istuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | istunette | ette istune | 2nd plur. | lienette istuneet | ette liene istuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | istunevat | eivät istune | 3rd plur. | lienevät istuneet | eivät liene istuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | istuttaneen | ei istuttane | passive | lienee istuttu | ei liene istuttu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | istua | present | istuva | istuttava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | istunut | istuttu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | istuessa | istuttaessa | agent3 | istuma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | istumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | istuen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | istumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | istumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | istumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | istumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | istumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | istuman | istuttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th4 | verbal noun | istuminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Derived terms
editadverbs
nouns
verbs
Related terms
editFurther reading
edit- “istua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Anagrams
editIngrian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *istudak. Cognates include Finnish istua and Estonian istuda.
The sense "to be imprisoned" is a semantic loan from Russian сидеть (sidetʹ).
Pronunciation
edit- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈistuɑ/, [ˈis̠to̞]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈistuɑ/, [ˈiʃtuɑ]
- Rhymes: -istoː, -istuɑ
- Hyphenation: is‧tu‧a
Verb
editistua
- (intransitive) to sit
- 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 6:
- Duumatkaa, istues partaas: Kummaas poolees ovat teist ikkunat teijen klaassaas?
- Think, while sitting at your desk: On which side of you are the windows in your classroom?
- (intransitive) to do time (be imprisoned)
Conjugation
editConjugation of istua (type 1/ampua, st-ss gradation) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indikativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | issun | en issu | 1st singular | oon istunt, oon istunut | en oo istunt, en oo istunut |
2nd singular | issut | et issu | 2nd singular | oot istunt, oot istunut | et oo istunt, et oo istunut |
3rd singular | istuu | ei issu | 3rd singular | ono istunt, ono istunut | ei oo istunt, ei oo istunut |
1st plural | issumma | emmä issu | 1st plural | oomma istuneet | emmä oo istuneet |
2nd plural | issutta | että issu | 2nd plural | ootta istuneet | että oo istuneet |
3rd plural | istuut1), istuvat2), issutaa | evät issu, ei issuta | 3rd plural | ovat istuneet | evät oo istuneet, ei oo issuttu |
impersonal | issutaa | ei issuta | impersonal | ono issuttu | ei oo issuttu |
Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | issuin | en istunt, en istunut | 1st singular | olin istunt, olin istunut | en olt istunt, en olt istunut |
2nd singular | issuit | et istunt, et istunut | 2nd singular | olit istunt, olit istunut | et olt istunt, et olt istunut |
3rd singular | istui | ei istunt, ei istunut | 3rd singular | oli istunt, oli istunut | ei olt istunt, ei olt istunut |
1st plural | issuimma | emmä istuneet | 1st plural | olimma istuneet | emmä olleet istuneet |
2nd plural | issuitta | että istuneet | 2nd plural | olitta istuneet | että olleet istuneet |
3rd plural | istuit1), istuivat2), issuttii | evät istuneet, ei issuttu | 3rd plural | olivat istuneet | evät olleet istuneet, ei olt issuttu |
impersonal | issuttii | ei issuttu | impersonal | oli issuttu | ei olt issuttu |
Konditsionala | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | istuisin | en istuis | 1st singular | olisin istunt, olisin istunut | en olis istunt, en olis istunut |
2nd singular | istuisit, istuist1) | et istuis | 2nd singular | olisit istunt, olisit istunut | et olis istunt, et olis istunut |
3rd singular | istuis | ei istuis | 3rd singular | olis istunt, olis istunut | ei olis istunt, ei olis istunut |
1st plural | istuisimma | emmä istuis | 1st plural | olisimma istuneet | emmä olis istuneet |
2nd plural | istuisitta | että istuis | 2nd plural | olisitta istuneet | että olis istuneet |
3rd plural | istuisiit1), istuisivat2), issuttais | evät istuis, ei issuttais | 3rd plural | olisivat istuneet | evät olis istuneet, ei olis issuttu |
impersonal | issuttais | ei issuttais | impersonal | olis issuttu | ei olis issuttu |
Imperativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
2nd singular | issu | elä issu | 2nd singular | oo istunt, oo istunut | elä oo istunt, elä oo istunut |
3rd singular | istukoo | elköö istuko | 3rd singular | olkoo istunt, olkoo istunut | elköö olko istunt, elköö olko istunut |
1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
2nd plural | istukaa | elkää istuko | 2nd plural | olkaa istuneet | elkää olko istuneet |
3rd plural | istukoot | elkööt istuko, elköö issuttako | 3rd plural | olkoot istuneet | elkööt olko istuneet, elköö olko issuttu |
impersonal | issuttakkoo | elköö issuttako | impersonal | olkoo issuttu | elköö olko issuttu |
Potentsiala | |||||
Preesens | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | istunen | en istune | |||
2nd singular | istunet | et istune | |||
3rd singular | istunoo | ei istune | |||
1st plural | istunemma | emmä istune | |||
2nd plural | istunetta | että istune | |||
3rd plural | istunoot | evät istune, ei issuttane | |||
impersonal | issuttannoo | ei issuttane | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | istua | present | istuva | issuttava | |
2nd | inessive | istujees | past | istunt, istunut | issuttu |
instructive | istuen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (istukaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
3rd | illative | istumaa | |||
inessive | istumaas | ||||
elative | istumast | ||||
abessive | istumata | ||||
4th | nominative | istumiin | |||
partitive | istumista, istumist |
Derived terms
editReferences
editCategories:
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finno-Permic
- Finnish 3-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/istuɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/istuɑ/3 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish verbs
- Finnish intransitive verbs
- Finnish terms with usage examples
- Finnish informal terms
- Finnish sanoa-type verbs
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian semantic loans from Russian
- Ingrian terms derived from Russian
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/istoː
- Rhymes:Ingrian/istoː/3 syllables
- Rhymes:Ingrian/istuɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/istuɑ/3 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian verbs
- Ingrian intransitive verbs
- Ingrian terms with quotations