hora

See also: Hora, hóra, horă, höra, høra, ĥora, and hōra

English

Etymology 1

From Hebrew הוֹרָה (hóra), Yiddish האָרע (hore), and Romanian horă, from Turkish hora, probably from Greek χορός (chorós, “dance”). Doublet of choir and chorus.

Noun

hora (plural horas)

1. A circle dance popular in the Balkans, Israel and Yiddish culture worldwide.

Translations

circle dance

• Bulgarian: хоро (bg) (horo)
• Finnish: hora (fi)
• Hebrew: הוֹרָה (he) f (hóra)
• Hungarian: hóra (hu)
• Macedonian: оро (oro)
• Persian: پنزه (fa) (panze)
• Polish: hora (pl) f
• Romanian: horă (ro)
• Russian: хо́ра (ru) f (xóra)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: коло n, оро n

  Roman: kolo (sh) n, oro (sh) n

• Turkish: hora (tr)
• Yiddish: האָרע f (hore), הורה f (hore)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Sanskrit होरा (horā, “hour”). Doublet of hour and year.

Noun

hora (uncountable)

1. A branch of traditional Indian astrology, dealing with the finer points of predictive methods.

Anagrams

• Haro, Hoar, ROAH, haor, haro, hoar, oh ar

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin hōra (“hour”).

Noun

hora m (plural hores)

1. hour
2. time

   ¿Qué hora ye?

   What time is it?

3. o'clock

   les 19.00 hores

   7.00 pm

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan hora, borrowed from Latin hōra (“hour”) (borrowing is indicated by the late attestation and pronunciation with open /ɔ/). First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈɔ.ɾə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈɔ.ɾa]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

hora f (plural hores)

1. hour (sixty minutes)
2. time (the moment as indicated by a clock)

   Quina hora és? ― What time is it?

3. time (the appropriate hour to do something)
4. appointment

   Synonym: cita

   Tinc hora al metge. ― I've got an appointment with the doctor.

Derived terms

• a alta hora
• a hora baixa
• a hora foscant
• a l'hora
• bona hora
• d'hora
• fora d'hora
• gran hora de dia
• hora extra
• hora punta
• hora zero
• horabaixa
• horeta
• tothora

 

Further reading

• “hora” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “hora”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “hora” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “hora” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Czech

Alternative forms

• hůra (dialectal)

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech hora, from Proto-Slavic *gora, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *garā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɦora]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

hora f

1. mountain
2. (colloquial) a lot, tons

Declension

Declension of hora (hard feminine)

	singular	plural
nominative	hora	hory
genitive	hory	hor
dative	hoře	horám
accusative	horu	hory
vocative	horo	hory
locative	hoře	horách
instrumental	horou	horami

Derived terms

• horal m
• horák m
• horolezec m

 

Related terms

adjectives

• horní
• horský
• náhorní

 

nouns

• horka
• horník
• hůrka
• podhůří

 

Further reading

• “hora”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935-1957
• “hora”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “hora”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl

Etymology

From Spanish hora.

Noun

hora

1. hour.

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse hóra, from Proto-Germanic *hōrǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ros (“dear, loved”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhoːɹa/
• Rhymes: -oːɹa

Noun

hora f (genitive singular horu, plural horur)

1. (vulgar) whore, (female) prostitute
2. (vulgar, slang, derogatory) slut
3. (nautical, humorous) tusk, cusk

Declension

Declension of hora
f1	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	hora	horan	horur	horurnar
accusative	horu	horuna	horur	horurnar
dative	horu	horuni	horum	horunum
genitive	horu	horunnar	hora	horanna

Synonyms

• (prostitute): skøkja f
• (tusk, cusk): brosma f

Finnish

Etymology

From Romanian horă.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhorɑ/, [ˈho̞rɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -orɑ
• Syllabification^(key): ho‧ra

Noun

hora

1. hora (dance)

Declension

Inflection of hora (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		hora	horat
genitive		horan	horien
partitive		horaa	horia
illative		horaan	horiin
		singular	plural
nominative		hora	horat
accusative	nom.	hora	horat
	gen.	horan
genitive		horan	horien horain rare
partitive		horaa	horia
inessive		horassa	horissa
elative		horasta	horista
illative		horaan	horiin
adessive		horalla	horilla
ablative		horalta	horilta
allative		horalle	horille
essive		horana	horina
translative		horaksi	horiksi
abessive		horatta	horitta
instructive		—	horin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of hora (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative horani horani accusative nom. horani horani gen. horani genitive horani horieni horaini rare partitive horaani horiani inessive horassani horissani elative horastani horistani illative horaani horiini adessive horallani horillani ablative horaltani horiltani allative horalleni horilleni essive horanani horinani translative horakseni horikseni abessive horattani horittani instructive — — comitative — horineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative horasi horasi accusative nom. horasi horasi gen. horasi genitive horasi horiesi horaisi rare partitive horaasi horiasi inessive horassasi horissasi elative horastasi horistasi illative horaasi horiisi adessive horallasi horillasi ablative horaltasi horiltasi allative horallesi horillesi essive horanasi horinasi translative horaksesi horiksesi abessive horattasi horittasi instructive — — comitative — horinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative horamme horamme accusative nom. horamme horamme gen. horamme genitive horamme horiemme horaimme rare partitive horaamme horiamme inessive horassamme horissamme elative horastamme horistamme illative horaamme horiimme adessive horallamme horillamme ablative horaltamme horiltamme allative horallemme horillemme essive horanamme horinamme translative horaksemme horiksemme abessive horattamme horittamme instructive — — comitative — horinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative horanne horanne accusative nom. horanne horanne gen. horanne genitive horanne horienne horainne rare partitive horaanne horianne inessive horassanne horissanne elative horastanne horistanne illative horaanne horiinne adessive horallanne horillanne ablative horaltanne horiltanne allative horallenne horillenne essive horananne horinanne translative horaksenne horiksenne abessive horattanne horittanne instructive — — comitative — horinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative horansa horansa accusative nom. horansa horansa gen. horansa genitive horansa horiensa horainsa rare partitive horaansa horiaan horiansa inessive horassaan horassansa horissaan horissansa elative horastaan horastansa horistaan horistansa illative horaansa horiinsa adessive horallaan horallansa horillaan horillansa ablative horaltaan horaltansa horiltaan horiltansa allative horalleen horallensa horilleen horillensa essive horanaan horanansa horinaan horinansa translative horakseen horaksensa horikseen horiksensa abessive horattaan horattansa horittaan horittansa instructive — — comitative — horineen horinensa

Anagrams

• Arho, arho, haro, ohra

Franco-Provençal

Etymology

Inherited from Latin hōra.

Noun

hora f (plural hores) (ORB, broad)

1. hour

References

• heure in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
• hora in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese ora, a semi-learned borrowing from Latin hōra (“hour”). Doublet of ora.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɔɾɐ], [ˈoɾɐ]

Noun

hora f (plural horas)

1. hour
2. time of the day

   Que hora é? ― What time is it?

3. regular or designated time for doing something

References

• Ernesto González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “hora”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “hora”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• “hora” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
• “hora” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “hora” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Interlingua

Noun

hora (plural horas)

1. hour

Derived terms

• libro de horas Book of hours

Italian

Noun

hora f (plural hore)

1. (obsolete) Alternative form of ora

Anagrams

• Raho

Japanese

Romanization

hora

1. Rōmaji transcription of ほら

Latin

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὥρα (hṓra, “time, season, year”), from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁- (“year, season”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈhoː.ra/, [ˈhoːrä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈo.ra/, [ˈɔːrä]

Noun

hōra f (genitive hōrae); first declension

1. hour
   • c. 1050?, Ave Maria (Hail Mary)

     Et in hora mortis nostrae.

     And in the hour of our death.

2. time
   • c. 2 A.D., Ovid, Ars Amatoria (The Art of Love, ELEGY XI)

     Dum loquor, hora fugit.

     Even as I speak, time fleeteth way.

3. o'clock
4. season; time of year

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	hōra	hōrae
Genitive	hōrae	hōrārum
Dative	hōrae	hōrīs
Accusative	hōram	hōrās
Ablative	hōrā	hōrīs
Vocative	hōra	hōrae

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: oarã, ore
  • Romanian: oară
• Dalmatian:
  • jaura
• Italo-Romance:
  • Corsican: ora
  • Italian: ora
  • Sicilian: ura
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: òra
• Padanian:
  • Emilian: ora
  • Friulian: ore
  • Istriot: ura
  • Ladin: ora, ëura
  • Lombard: ùra
  • Piedmontese: ora
  • Romansch: ura, oura (Surmiran)
  • Venetian: óra
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: hora
  • Old French: ore (early), heure (late)
    • Angevin: houre
    • Middle French: heure (see there for further descendants)
    • → Middle Dutch: ûre (see there for further descendants)
  • Old Northern French: oure, eure, ure
    • Anglo-Norman: houre
      • → Middle English: houre (see there for further descendants)
    • Norman:

      Continental Norman: heure, houre

      Guernsey Norman: haeure

      Jersey Norman: heuthe

    • Picard: eure
    • Walloon: eure
• Occitano-Romance:
  • Catalan: hora
  • Occitan: ora
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Asturian: hora
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: ora
    • Galician: hora, ora
    • Portuguese: hora, ora (see there for further descendants)
  • Spanish: hora (see there for further descendants)

From ad hōram:

• Aragonese: ara
• Catalan: ara
• >? Franco-Provençal: yòra, yeura
• Occitan: ara

From ad ad hōram:

• Gascon: adara
• Vivaro-Alpine: aiara, iara, èira, àira

From hanc hōram:

• Dalmatian:
  • junkaura
• Italo-Romance
  • Italian: ancora
• North Italian:
  • Piedmontese: ancor, anco', 'nco, 'ncora
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Old French: ancor
    • French: encore
      • → English: encore
• Occitano-Romance:
  • Catalan: encara
    • → Spanish: encara
  • Occitan: encara

    Gascon: enqüèra, encòra, engüèra

    Provençal: encar

    Limousin: enquera

• Ibero-Romance:
  • Aragonese: encara, enca

From hāc hōrā:

• Padanian:
  • Ligurian: òua, aora
  • Piedmontese: àora, àor
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: aoura, vôra, vuòre
• Occitano-Romance:
  • Limousin: aura, agora
  • Vivaro-Alpine: aüra, avura
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Aragonese: agora
  • Old Leonese: agora
    • Asturian: agora
    • Mirandese: agora
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: agora
    • Fala: agora
    • Galician: agora
    • Portuguese: agora (see there for further descendants)
  • Old Spanish: agora
    • Spanish: ahora, agora (obsolete or dialectal)
    • Ladino: agora, aora

Borrowings

• → Albanian: herë (early borrowing), orë (later borrowing)
• → Basque: oren
• → Hungarian: óra
• → Old Irish: úar
  • Middle Irish: úar
    • Irish: uair
    • Manx: oor
    • Scottish Gaelic: uair
• → Proto-Brythonic: *ǫr
  • Breton: eur
  • Welsh: awr
• → Romanian: oră

References

• “hora”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “hora”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• hora in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • what time is it: quota hora est?
    
  • it is the third hour (= 9 A.M.: tertia hora est
    
  • at the time agreed on: ad horam compositam
    
• “hora”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “hora”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Middle English

Determiner

hora

1. (chiefly Early Middle English and West Midlands) Alternative form of here (“their”)

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• horen

Noun

hora m or f

1. definite feminine singular of hore

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

hora f

1. definite singular of hore

Old Czech

Alternative forms

• hóra

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gora.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈɣora/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈɦora/

Noun

hora f

1. mountain

   spěti z hory ― to rise (sun)

   spěti k hořě ― to set (sun)

2. rock
3. pile
4. mountain mine
5. winery

   vinničná/vinná/vinohradnie/vinohradná hora ― winery

Declension

Declension of hora (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	hora	hořě	hory
genitive	hory	horú	hor
dative	hořě	horama	horám
accusative	horu	hořě	hory
vocative	horo	hořě	hory
locative	hořě	horú	horách
instrumental	horú	horama	horami

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Derived terms

• horák
• hórka
• nahoru
• nahořě
• příhořie
• shóry
• vhóru

 

Descendants

• Czech: hora, hůra (dialectal)

Further reading

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “hora”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse hóra, from Proto-Germanic *hōrǭ.

Noun

hōra f

1. whore, adulteress

Declension

Declension of hōra (on-stem)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	hōra	hōran	hōru(r), -o(r)	hōruna(r), -ona(r)
accusative	hōru, -o	hōruna, -ona	hōru(r), -o(r)	hōruna(r), -ona(r)
dative	hōru, -o	hōrunni, -onne	hōrum, -om	hōrumin, -omen
genitive	hōru, -o	hōrunna(r), -onna(r)	hōra	hōranna

Descendants

• Swedish: hora

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese ora, from Latin hōra (“hour”), from Ancient Greek ὥρα (hṓra, “time, season, year”), from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁- (“year, season”).

Cognate with Galician, Spanish, and Catalan hora, Occitan and Italian ora, French heure and Romanian oară.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɔ.ɾɐ/

• (Northeast Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈɔ.ɾa/
• Homophone: ora
• Hyphenation: ho‧ra

Noun

hora f (plural horas)

2. hour (period of sixty minutes)

   Há vinte e quatro horas num dia.

   There are twenty-four hours in a day.

   Ele estava aqui há uma hora.

   He was here one hour ago.

4. time (point in time)

   A alguma hora, eu passo aí.

   At some time, I’ll hop over there.

   Que horas são?

   What time is it?

   É hora de dar tchau.

   It's time to say goodbye.

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:hora.

Derived terms

• fazer hora
• em cima da hora
• hora H
• horinha (diminutive)

Descendants

• Chichewa: ola
• Kabuverdianu: óra
• Macanese: ora
• Papiamentu: ora

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈhora]

Noun

hora f

1. definite nominative/accusative singular of horă

Rwanda-Rundi

Verb

-hóra (infinitive guhóra, perfective -hóze)

1. to be(come) quiet, be(come) calm
2. to be(come) cold, cool
3. to always or continuously do

Derived terms

• amahoro (“peace”)
• buhoro

Verb

-hōra (infinitive guhōra, perfective -hōye)

1. to avenge

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gora, from Proto-Indo-European *gwerH-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɦɔra]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

hora f (genitive singular hory, nominative plural hory, genitive plural hôr, declension pattern of žena)

1. mountain

Declension

Declension of hora

	singular	plural
nominative	hora	hory
genitive	hory	hôr
dative	hore	horám
accusative	horu	hory
locative	hore	horách
instrumental	horou	horami

Derived terms

• horár
• horička
• horský
• hôrka
• hôrny

Further reading

• “hora”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Latin hōra (“hour”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈoɾa/ [ˈo.ɾa]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -oɾa
• Syllabification: ho‧ra

Noun

hora f (plural horas)

1. hour (a time period of sixty minutes)

   Hay veinticuatro horas por el día.

   There are twenty-four hours in a day.

2. time (the moment, as indicated by a clock or similar device)

   ¿Qué hora es?

   What time is it?

   Ya es hora de ir.

   It's time to go.

3. high time (usually with "ya")

   Ya es hora de ser abiertos y honestos entre nosotros.

   It's high time we be open and honest with each other.

4. (education) hour, period (of class)

   Tengo un examen a primera hora mañana.

   I have a test during first period tomorrow.

   Tenemos juntos la tercera hora.

   We have third period together.

5. (Spain, colloquial) appointment (e.g. with the doctor)

   Synonym: cita

Derived terms

• a buena hora
• a buenas horas
• a la hora
• a la hora de
• a mil por hora
• a primera hora
• a su hora
• a toda hora
• a todas horas
• a última hora
• altas horas
• cada hora
• con la hora pegada al culo
• dar la hora
• de buena hora
• de última hora
• deshora
• en hora mala
• en mal hora
• en mala hora
• enhorabuena
• enhoramala
• entre horas
• hora de dormir, hora de acostarse (“bedtime”)
• hora de la verdad
• hora de verano
• hora de verdad
• hora legal
• hora muerta
• hora pico
• hora punta
• horas de trabajo (“working hours”)
• horas extraordinarias (“overtime”)
• horas extras
• libro de horas
• media hora
• no se ganó Zamora en una hora
• no ver la hora
• poner en hora
• por hora
• por horas
• qué hora es
• última hora
• ya era hora

 

Related terms

• ahora
• horario
• horóscopo

 

Descendants

• Papiamentu: ora

Borrowings

• → Bikol Central: oras
• → Cebuano: oras
• → Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: hora
• → Karao: oras
• → Maranao: oras
• → Navajo: óola
• → Quechua: ura
• → Tagalog: oras
• → Taos: ùroʼóna
• → Tetelcingo Nahuatl: ura
• → Yogad: oras

Further reading

• “hora”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish hōra, from Old Norse hóra, from Proto-Germanic *hōrǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ros (“dear, loved”). Compare Danish hore, English whore, Dutch hoer, German Hure. Doublet of kär.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /huːra/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

hora c

1. a whore (prostitute)

   Synonyms: fnask, gatflicka, glädjeflicka, luder, prostituerad, sköka, (man whore) manshora

2. (derogatory) a whore (promiscuous person, slut)
3. (derogatory) a whore (person offering themselves in some non-sexual capacity in a way perceived as indicating a lack of self-respect)
4. (derogatory) a whore (contemptible person)

Declension

Declension of hora
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	hora	horan	horor	hororna
Genitive	horas	horans	horors	horornas

Verb

hora (present horar, preterite horade, supine horat, imperative hora)

1. to whore
2. (figuratively) to whore (offer oneself in a way perceived as indicating a lack of self-respect)

   Han verkar hora ut sig till vilka tveksamma sponsorer som helst

   He seems to whore himself out to any dubious sponsor whatsoever

3. (dated) to engage in adultery or fornication (sex with someone who is not one's spouse, or sex while unmarried)

Conjugation

Conjugation of hora (weak)

	Active		Passive
Infinitive	hora		—
Supine	horat		—
Imperative	hora		—
Imper. plural1	horen		—
	Present	Past	Present	Past
Indicative	horar	horade	—	—
Ind. plural1	hora	horade	—	—
Subjunctive2	hore	horade	—	—
	Participles
Present participle	horande
Past participle	—
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Derived terms

• horbock
• horkarl
• horklut
• horunge
• svennehora

Related terms

• hor
• horeri
• horig

References

• hora in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• hora in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• hora in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• hoar