dám

See also: Appendix:Variations of "dam"

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdaːm]
• Rhymes: -aːm

Etymology 1

Noun

dám

1. genitive plural of dáma

Etymology 2

Verb

dám

1. first-person singular future indicative of dát

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdaːm]
• Hyphenation: dám
• Rhymes: -aːm

Noun

dám (plural dámok)

1. fallow deer (Dama dama)
   • 2006, Magyar Vadászlap (Hungarian Hunter Magazine)^[1]

     A dám jövője

     The Future of the Fallow Deer (title of the article)

   Synonym: dámvad

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	dám	dámok
accusative	dámot	dámokat
dative	dámnak	dámoknak
instrumental	dámmal	dámokkal
causal-final	dámért	dámokért
translative	dámmá	dámokká
terminative	dámig	dámokig
essive-formal	dámként	dámokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	dámban	dámokban
superessive	dámon	dámokon
adessive	dámnál	dámoknál
illative	dámba	dámokba
sublative	dámra	dámokra
allative	dámhoz	dámokhoz
elative	dámból	dámokból
delative	dámról	dámokról
ablative	dámtól	dámoktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	dámé	dámoké
non-attributive possessive - plural	dáméi	dámokéi

Possessive forms of dám
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	dámom	dámjaim
2nd person sing.	dámod	dámjaid
3rd person sing.	dámja	dámjai
1st person plural	dámunk	dámjaink
2nd person plural	dámotok	dámjaitok
3rd person plural	dámjuk	dámjaik

Derived terms

Compound words

• dámszarvas
• dámvad

 

Further reading

• dám in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• dám in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *dāmā, a collective term built on Proto-Celtic *dāmos (whence Proto-Brythonic *dọβ̃ (“client; son-in-law”)), from Proto-Indo-European *dōm-o-s (“belonging to the house”), a vṛddhi derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dom-o-s, thematized form of *dṓm (“house, home”). Previously connected with Ancient Greek δῆμος (dêmos, “district, people”) from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂- (“share”) but this derivation was rejected by Campanile, who instead proposed the accepted etymology.

Related to dom (“home, house”) and déis (“client(s)”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdaːβ̃]

Noun

dám f (genitive dámae, nominative plural dáma)

1. company, retinue, party

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	dámL	dáimL	dámaH
Vocative	dámL	dáimL	dámaH
Accusative	dáimN	dáimL	dámaH
Genitive	dámaeH	dámL	dámN
Dative	dáimL	dámaib	dámaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Middle Irish: dám, dáim
  • Irish: dámh, dáimh
  • Scottish Gaelic: dàmh, dàimh

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
dám	dám pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/	ndám
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “dám”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [zaːm˧˦]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [jaːm˦˧˥]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [jaːm˦˥]

Etymology 1

From Middle Vietnamese dĕám. Cognate with Chut [Mày] katam³ (Babaev & Samarina, 2018).

Compare Old Chinese 膽 (OC *[t]ˤamʔ) (B-S).

Verb

dám • (敢, 噉, 㦑, 𪾋)

1. to dare to do something
2. (dialectal) to be likely to happen

Related terms

• thách (“to dare someone”)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Vietic *jaːmʔ ~ ɲaːmʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *jaam. Cognate with Khmer យំ (yum).

Verb

dám

1. (in certain dialects in Nghệ An) to weep, to cry

   Synonym: khóc