chapar

Galician

Etymology 1

Onomatopoeic. From *klapp-, either cognate with or borrowed from Proto-Germanic *klappōjaną (“to clap; palpitate; sound”): English clap, Dutch klappen.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃaˈpaɾ/

Verb

chapar (first-person singular present chapo, first-person singular preterite chapei, past participle chapado)

1. (intransitive) to splash with the oars
2. (colloquial, transitive) to eat noisily
3. (colloquial, transitive) to catch in the air
4. (colloquial, mildly derogatory, transitive, intransitive) to swot; to cram or memorize for an exam

   Escusen chapar para o exame se aínda nen entenden os conceptos máis básicos.

   You should avoid cramming for the exam if you don't even understand the most basic concepts yet.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of chapar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	chapar
Personal	chapar	chapares	chapar	chaparmos	chapardes	chaparen
Gerund
	chapando
Past participle
Masculine	chapado			chapados
Feminine	chapada			chapadas
Indicative
Present	chapo	chapas	chapa	chapamos	chapades	chapan
Imperfect	chapaba	chapabas	chapaba	chapabamos	chapabades	chapaban
Preterite	chapei	chapaches	chapou	chapamos	chapastes	chaparon
Pluperfect	chapara	chaparas	chapara	chaparamos	chaparades	chaparan
Future	chaparei	chaparás	chapará	chaparemos	chaparedes	chaparán
Conditional	chaparía	chaparías	chaparía	chapariamos	chapariades	chaparían
Subjunctive
Present	chape	chapes	chape	chapemos	chapedes	chapen
Imperfect	chapase	chapases	chapase	chapásemos	chapásedes	chapasen
Future	chapar	chapares	chapar	chaparmos	chapardes	chaparen
Imperative
Affirmative		chapa	chape	chapemos	chapade	chapen
Negative (non)		non chapes	non chape	non chapemos	non chapedes	non chapen

    Reintegrated conjugation of chapar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	chapar
Personal	chapar	chapares	chapar	chaparmos	chapardes	chaparem
Gerund
	chapando
Past participle
Masculine	chapado			chapados
Feminine	chapada			chapadas
Indicative
Present	chapo	chapas	chapa	chapamos	chapades, chapais	chapam
Imperfect	chapava	chapavas	chapava	chapávamos	chapávades, chapáveis, chapávais1	chapavam
Preterite	chapei	chapaste, chapache1	chapou	chapamos	chapastes	chapárom, chaparam
Pluperfect	chapara	chaparas	chapara	chapáramos	chapárades, chapáreis, chapárais1	chaparam
Future	chaparei	chaparás	chapará	chaparemos	chaparedes, chapareis	chaparám, chaparão
Conditional	chaparia	chaparias	chaparia	chaparíamos	chaparíades, chaparíeis, chaparíais1	chapariam
Subjunctive
Present	chape	chapes	chape	chapemos	chapedes, chapeis	chapem
Imperfect	chapasse	chapasses	chapasse	chapássemos	chapássedes, chapásseis	chapassem
Future	chapar	chapares	chapar	chaparmos	chapardes	chaparem
Imperative
Affirmative		chapa	chape	chapemos	chapade, chapai	chapem
Negative (nom)		nom chapes	nom chape	nom chapemos	nom chapedes, nom chapeis	nom chapem

¹Less recommended.

Derived terms

• chapada

Related terms

• chapear
• chapexar
• chapiñar
• chapón
• chapuzar

Etymology 2

From chapa (“plate”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃaˈpaɾ/

Verb

chapar (first-person singular present chapo, first-person singular preterite chapei, past participle chapado)

1. (transitive) to reinforce with metal plates; to plate
2. (transitive) to nail

Conjugation

    Conjugation of chapar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	chapar
Personal	chapar	chapares	chapar	chaparmos	chapardes	chaparen
Gerund
	chapando
Past participle
Masculine	chapado			chapados
Feminine	chapada			chapadas
Indicative
Present	chapo	chapas	chapa	chapamos	chapades	chapan
Imperfect	chapaba	chapabas	chapaba	chapabamos	chapabades	chapaban
Preterite	chapei	chapaches	chapou	chapamos	chapastes	chaparon
Pluperfect	chapara	chaparas	chapara	chaparamos	chaparades	chaparan
Future	chaparei	chaparás	chapará	chaparemos	chaparedes	chaparán
Conditional	chaparía	chaparías	chaparía	chapariamos	chapariades	chaparían
Subjunctive
Present	chape	chapes	chape	chapemos	chapedes	chapen
Imperfect	chapase	chapases	chapase	chapásemos	chapásedes	chapasen
Future	chapar	chapares	chapar	chaparmos	chapardes	chaparen
Imperative
Affirmative		chapa	chape	chapemos	chapade	chapen
Negative (non)		non chapes	non chape	non chapemos	non chapedes	non chapen

    Reintegrated conjugation of chapar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	chapar
Personal	chapar	chapares	chapar	chaparmos	chapardes	chaparem
Gerund
	chapando
Past participle
Masculine	chapado			chapados
Feminine	chapada			chapadas
Indicative
Present	chapo	chapas	chapa	chapamos	chapades, chapais	chapam
Imperfect	chapava	chapavas	chapava	chapávamos	chapávades, chapáveis, chapávais1	chapavam
Preterite	chapei	chapaste, chapache1	chapou	chapamos	chapastes	chapárom, chaparam
Pluperfect	chapara	chaparas	chapara	chapáramos	chapárades, chapáreis, chapárais1	chaparam
Future	chaparei	chaparás	chapará	chaparemos	chaparedes, chapareis	chaparám, chaparão
Conditional	chaparia	chaparias	chaparia	chaparíamos	chaparíades, chaparíeis, chaparíais1	chapariam
Subjunctive
Present	chape	chapes	chape	chapemos	chapedes, chapeis	chapem
Imperfect	chapasse	chapasses	chapasse	chapássemos	chapássedes, chapásseis	chapassem
Future	chapar	chapares	chapar	chaparmos	chapardes	chaparem
Imperative
Affirmative		chapa	chape	chapemos	chapade, chapai	chapem
Negative (nom)		nom chapes	nom chape	nom chapemos	nom chapedes, nom chapeis	nom chapem

¹Less recommended.

Derived terms

• chapear
• chaprar

Related terms

• chapa
• chapra

References

• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “chapar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “chapar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, since 2012
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “chapar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “chapar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “chapar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Portuguese

Etymology

From chapa (“plate”) +‎ -ar. Compare Spanish chapar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʃaˈpa(ʁ)/ [ʃaˈpa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʃaˈpa(ʁ)/ [ʃaˈpa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ʃaˈpa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ʃaˈpa(ʁ)/ [ʃaˈpa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʃaˈpa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʃɐˈpaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʃɐˈpaɾ/
  • (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃɐˈpaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʃɐˈpa.ɾi/

Verb

chapar (first-person singular present chapo, first-person singular preterite chapei, past participle chapado)

1. to cover with metal plates
2. (Brazil, slang, transitive) to stone (to intoxicate, especially with narcotics)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of chapar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	chapar
Personal	chapar	chapares	chapar	chaparmos	chapardes	chaparem
Gerund
	chapando
Past participle
Masculine	chapado			chapados
Feminine	chapada			chapadas
Indicative
Present	chapo	chapas	chapa	chapamos	chapais	chapam
Imperfect	chapava	chapavas	chapava	chapávamos	chapáveis	chapavam
Preterite	chapei	chapaste	chapou	chapamos1, chapámos2	chapastes	chaparam
Pluperfect	chapara	chaparas	chapara	chapáramos	chapáreis	chaparam
Future	chaparei	chaparás	chapará	chaparemos	chapareis	chaparão
Conditional	chaparia	chaparias	chaparia	chaparíamos	chaparíeis	chapariam
Subjunctive
Present	chape	chapes	chape	chapemos	chapeis	chapem
Imperfect	chapasse	chapasses	chapasse	chapássemos	chapásseis	chapassem
Future	chapar	chapares	chapar	chaparmos	chapardes	chaparem
Imperative
Affirmative		chapa	chape	chapemos	chapai	chapem
Negative (não)		não chapes	não chape	não chapemos	não chapeis	não chapem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Spanish

Etymology

From chapa +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃaˈpaɾ/ [t͡ʃaˈpaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: cha‧par

Verb

chapar (first-person singular present chapo, first-person singular preterite chapé, past participle chapado)

1. (transitive) to veneer
2. (transitive) to plate (as with metal)
3. (transitive) to say a hard truth
4. (transitive, Peru) to grab something quickly
5. (intransitive, colloquial) to swot (study hard)
6. (colloquial, Argentina, Peru) to kiss, smooch

Conjugation

    Conjugation of chapar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			chapar
gerund			chapando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		chapado		chapada
		plural		chapados		chapadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	chapo	chapastú chapásvos	chapa	chapamos	chapáis	chapan
	imperfect	chapaba	chapabas	chapaba	chapábamos	chapabais	chapaban
	preterite	chapé	chapaste	chapó	chapamos	chapasteis	chaparon
	future	chaparé	chaparás	chapará	chaparemos	chaparéis	chaparán
	conditional	chaparía	chaparías	chaparía	chaparíamos	chaparíais	chaparían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	chape	chapestú chapésvos2	chape	chapemos	chapéis	chapen
	imperfect (ra)	chapara	chaparas	chapara	chapáramos	chaparais	chaparan
	imperfect (se)	chapase	chapases	chapase	chapásemos	chapaseis	chapasen
	future1	chapare	chapares	chapare	chapáremos	chapareis	chaparen
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		chapatú chapávos	chape	chapemos	chapad	chapen
	negative		no chapes	no chape	no chapemos	no chapéis	no chapen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of chapar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive chapar
	dative	chaparme	chaparte	chaparle, chaparse	chaparnos	chaparos	chaparles, chaparse
	accusative	chaparme	chaparte	chaparlo, chaparla, chaparse	chaparnos	chaparos	chaparlos, chaparlas, chaparse
with gerund chapando
	dative	chapándome	chapándote	chapándole, chapándose	chapándonos	chapándoos	chapándoles, chapándose
	accusative	chapándome	chapándote	chapándolo, chapándola, chapándose	chapándonos	chapándoos	chapándolos, chapándolas, chapándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative chapa
	dative	chápame	chápate	chápale	chápanos	not used	chápales
	accusative	chápame	chápate	chápalo, chápala	chápanos	not used	chápalos, chápalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative chapá
	dative	chapame	chapate	chapale	chapanos	not used	chapales
	accusative	chapame	chapate	chapalo, chapala	chapanos	not used	chapalos, chapalas
with formal second-person singular imperative chape
	dative	chápeme	not used	chápele, chápese	chápenos	not used	chápeles
	accusative	chápeme	not used	chápelo, chápela, chápese	chápenos	not used	chápelos, chápelas
with first-person plural imperative chapemos
	dative	not used	chapémoste	chapémosle	chapémonos	chapémoos	chapémosles
	accusative	not used	chapémoste	chapémoslo, chapémosla	chapémonos	chapémoos	chapémoslos, chapémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative chapad
	dative	chapadme	not used	chapadle	chapadnos	chapaos	chapadles
	accusative	chapadme	not used	chapadlo, chapadla	chapadnos	chapaos	chapadlos, chapadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative chapen
	dative	chápenme	not used	chápenle	chápennos	not used	chápenles, chápense
	accusative	chápenme	not used	chápenlo, chápenla	chápennos	not used	chápenlos, chápenlas, chápense

Derived terms

• chapón m
• chapona f

 

Further reading

• “chapar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014