arth

See also: Arth and ārth

Cornish

arth gell

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *arθ, from Proto-Celtic *artos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aɹθ/, [ərθ]

Noun

arth m (plural arthes)

1. bear (mammal)

Synonyms

• ors

Welsh

arth frown

Etymology

From Middle Welsh arth, from Proto-Brythonic *arθ, from Proto-Celtic *artos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /arθ/

Noun

arth m or f by sense (plural eirth)

1. bear

Usage notes

In the older language and the literary language, arth is masculine or feminine depending on the sex of the bear under consideration. In the modern colloquial language, however, the noun is predominantly feminine, regardless of the sex of the animal. If the sex of the animal is to be specified, the terms arthes (“she-bear”) and arth wryw (“male bear”) are used.

Derived terms

• arth ddu f (“black bear”)
• Arth Fach f (“Ursa Minor”)
• Arth Fawr f (“Ursa Major”)
• arth fraith f (“grizzly bear”)
• arth frown f (“brown bear”)
• arth wen f (“polar bear”)
• crafanc yr arth f (“hellebore”)
• troed yr arth m or f (“bear's breeches”)

 

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
arth	unchanged	unchanged	harth
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “arth”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies